album of elements

8/2/2019 Album of Elements

1/32

Album of Elements

of elements 40 - 80

By Mae Bona

AndNatasha Arenas


2/32

Zirconium

Symbol - Zr

Electron configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2

Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 4B

Elements in the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd,In,Sn,Sb, Te,I,Xe

Elements in the same group -

Ti, Hf, Rf, Ce, Th

Discoverer - Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Place where it was discover Germany

USES/ APPLICATION

chemical pipelines, , nuclear reactors, furnacebricks, abrasives,zircon gems

Harmful effect - Zirconium 95 is one of the radionuclides involved in atmospherictesting of nuclear weapons. It is among the long-lived radionuclides that haveproduced and will continue to produce increased cancers risk for decades andcenturies to come.


3/32

Niobium

Symbol- Nb

Electron configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 3p64s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d3

Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 5B Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd,

Ag, Cd,In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements of the same group - V, Nb, Ta, Db, Pr, Pa

Discoverer - Charles Hatchett

Place where it was discover - United kingdom USES/ APPLICATION - chemical

pipelines, superconductors, magnetic levitation trains,MRI magnets

Harmful effect - niobium dust causes eye and skin irritation.


4/32

Molybdenum

Symbol - Mo


Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 6B Elements in the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd,

Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Nd, V

Discoverer - Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Place where it was discover

Sweden USES/ APPLICATION - hard steel, cutting tools, drill bits, armor

plate, gun barrels,fertilizer

Harmful effect - molybdenum and its compounds are highly toxic.Some evidence of liver dysfunction with hyperbilirubinemia.


5/32

Technetium

Symbol - Te

Electron Configuration - Is2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5

Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 7B

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In,Sn, Sb,Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - Mn, Tc, Re,Bh, Pm, Np

Discoverer - Emilio Segre, Carlo Perrier

Place where it was discover Sweden

USES/ APPLICATION - first human-made element, only traces on earth but found instars, medical diagnostic tracer

Harmful effect - It is reported that mild carbon steels may be effectively protectedby as little as 55 ppm of KTcO4 in aerated distilled water at temperatures up to250oC. This corrosion protection is limited to closed systems, since technetium isradioative and must be confined.


6/32

Ruthenium

Symbol - Ru


Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 8B

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd,In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, Pu

Discoverer - Karl Karlovich Klaus

Place where it was discover Russia

USES/ APPLICATION - electric contacts, leaf switches, pentips, catalyst, hydrogen production

Harmful effects - Compounds of ruthenium stain the skin very strongly. Itseems that ingested ruthenium is retained strongly in bones. Rutheniumoxide, RuO4, is highly toxic and volatile, and to be avoided.


7/32

Rhodium

Symbol - Rh

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d7

Block type - D

Period - 5



Elements on the same group - Co, Rh, Ir, Mt, Eu, Am

Discoverer - William Hyde Wollaston

Place where it was discover - United kingdom Uses / application - labware, reflectors, electric

contacts, thermocouples, catalyst,pollution control

Harmful effects - Flammable. Dust explosion possible if in powderor granular form, mixed with air.


8/32

Palladium

Symbol - Pd

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d8

Block type - D

Period - 5



Elements on the same group - Ni, Pb, Pt, Ds, Gd, Cm

Discoverer - William Hyde Wollaston

Place where it was discover - United kingdom Uses / applcation - labware, electric

contacts, dentistry, catalyst, pollution control

Harmful effects - It may cause skin, eye or respiratory tractirritation, may cause skin sensitisation.


9/32

Silver

Symbol - Ag


Block type - D

Period - 5



Elements on the same group - Cu, Ag, Au, Rg, Tb, Bk

Discoverer Ancient


ancient Uses/application - jewelry, silverware, coins, dentistry, photo film

Harmful effects - Liquid or vapor may be irritating to skin, eyes,throat, or lungs. Intentional misuse by deliberately concentratingand inhaling the contents of this product can be harmful or fatal.


10/32

Cadmium

Symbol - Cd


Block type - D

Period - 5

Group - 2B

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn,Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - Zn, Cd, Hg, Cn, Dy, Cf

Discoverer - Friedrich Stromeyer


Uses/application - electroplated steel, nicad batteries, red and yellow paints, firesprinklers

Harmful effects - An exposure to significantly higher cadmium levels occurs whenpeople smoke. Tobacco smoke transports cadmium into the lungs. Blood willtransport it through the rest of the body where it can increase effects bypotentiating cadmium that is already present from cadmium-rich food.


11/32

Indium

Symbol - In

Electron configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1

Block type - P

Period - 5

Group - 3A

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd,In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the group - B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Uut, Ho, Es

Discoverer - Hieronymus Richter


Uses/application - solders, glass seals, glass coatings, liquid crystal displays(LCD),semiconductors, diodes, photocells

Harmful effects - Indium compounds are encountered rarely by mostpeople. All indium compounds should be regarded as highly toxic. Indiumcompounds damage the heart, kidney, and liver, and may be teratogenic.


12/32

Tin

Symbol - Sn


Block type - P

Period - 5

Group - 3A

Elements on The same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Uuq, Er, Fm

Discoverer - Ancient

Place where it was discover Ancient

Uses/application - solders, plated food cans, bronze (Cu-Sn), pewter cups,glassmaking, firesprinklers

Harmful effects - The uptake of tin bonds can cause :- Eye and skin irritations

- Headaches- Stomachaches- Sickness and dizziness- Severe sweating


13/32

Antimony

Symbol - Sb


Block type - P

Period - 5

Group - 5A

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn,Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup, Tm, Md

Discoverer - Basil Valentine


Uses/application - solders, leadhardener, batteries, bullet, semiconductors,photocells, matches, flame retardant

Harmful effects - As the exposure continues more serious health effects may occur,such as lung diseases, heart problems, diarrhea, severe vomiting and stomachulcers.


14/32

Tellurium

Symbol - Te

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4

Block Type - P

Period - 5

Group - 6A

Elements on the same period - Rb, Sr,Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd,In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - O, S, Se, Te, Po, Uuh, Yb, No

Discoverer - Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein

Place where it was discover France

Uses/applcation - alloys, semiconductors, photocopiers, computerdisk, thermo-electric coolers and generators

Harmful effects - The aerosol of this substance irritates the eyes and therespiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the liver and centralnervous system.


15/32

Iodine

Symbol

I

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5

Block Type p

Period - 5

Group 7A

Elements on the same period

Rb, Sr, Y,Zr, Nb,Mo,Tc, Ru, Rh,Pd, Ag, Cd, In,SnSb, Te, I, Xe

Elements on the same group - F, Cl, Br, I, At, Uus, Lu, Lr,

Discoverer Bernard Courtois


Uses/application

disinfectant for wounds and drinking water, added tosalt to prevent thyroid disease, photo film

Harmful effects Iodine increases the risk of cancer and possibly otherdiseases of the thyroid and those caused by thyroid hormonal deficiency.


16/32


17/32

Cesium

Symbol - Cs

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s1

Block Type - S

Period - 6

Group

1A

Elements on the same period Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Ti, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn

Elements on the same group H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Discoverer Bunsen, Kirhoff


Uses/application atomic clocks, global navigation (GPS), vacuum tubescavenger

Harmful effects exposed to cesium by breathing, drinking or eating. In airthe levels of cesium are generally low, but radioactivated.


18/32

Barium

Symbol - Ba

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2

Block Type - S

Period - 6

Group 2A

Elements on the same period - Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Ti, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn

Elements on the same group Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Discoverer Sir Humphry Davy

Place where it was discover United kingdom

Uses/application stomach X-ray contrast enhancer, green fireworks, whitenerand filler for paper

Harmful effects

Small amounts of water-soluble barium may cause a person toexperience breathing difficulties, increased blood pressures, heart rhythmchanges, stomach irritation, muscle weakness, changes in nerve reflexes, swellingof brains and liver, kidney and heart damage.


19/32

Lanthanum

Symbol - La

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f1

Block Type - F

Period - 6

Group 3B


Elements on the same group Sc, Y, La, Ac

Discoverer Carl Gustav Mosander


Uses/application optical glass, telescope eyepieces, camera lenses, lighterflints,arc lamps

Harmful effects

Lanthanum is mostly dangerous in the working environment, dueto the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air. This can cause lungembolisms, especially during long-term exposure.


20/32

Cerium

Symbol - Ce

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s2 4f2

Block Type - F

Period - 6

Group

4B

Elements on the same period - Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Ti, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn

Elements on the same group Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, Ce, Th

Discoverer -


Uses/application

most abundant rare earth metal, lighter flints, arclamps, gas lamp mantles, self-cleaning ovens, glass polishing

Harmful effects Cerium can be a threat to the liver when it accumulatesin the human body.


21/32

Praseodymium

Symbol - Pr


Block Type - F

Period - 6

Group 5B


Elements on the same group V, Nb, Ta, Db, Pr, Pa

Discoverer Carl Auer von Welsbach


Uses/application torchworkers' didymium eyeglasses, lighter flints, arclamps,magnets, yellow glass

Harmful effects

praseodymium is of low to moderate toxicity. Solublepraseodymium salts are mildly toxic by ingestion, but insoluble salts are non toxic.They are skin and eye irritants.


22/32

Neodymium

Symbol - Nd


Block Type - F

Period - 6

Group 6B


Elements on the same group Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Nd, V

Discoverer - Carl Auer von Welsbach

Place where it was discover Austria

Uses/application strong magnets (Nd-Fe-B), electric motors, speakers andheadphones, lasers, lighter flints

Harmful effects

Neodymium is mostly dangerous in the working environment,due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air. This can cause lungembolisms, especially during long-term exposure.


23/32

Promethium

Symbol - Pm


Block Type - F

Period - 6

Group

7B


Elements on the same group -

Discoverer J. A. Marinsky C. D. Coryell and L. E. Glendenin

Place where it was discover United states

Uses/application

human-made, small traces in nature, luminousdials, sheet thickness gauges

Harmful effects Promethium has no role to play on living things and isslightly dangerous because of its intense radioactivity.


24/32

Samarium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -



Discoverer -


Uses/application

magnets (Sm-Co), electric motors, speakers andheadphones,infrared sensors, infrared-absorbing glass

Harmful effects exposure to samarium causes skin and eye irritation.


25/32

Europium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -



Discoverer -


Uses/application

phosphors in color TVs and trichromatic fluorescentlamps,luminous paint, lasers

Harmful effects Europium has no known biological role. Europium saltscould be mildly toxic by ingestion.


26/32

Gadolinium

Symbol -

Electron Configuration - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s24d10 5p6 6s2 4f8

Block Type -

Period -

Group -

Elements on the same period - Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu,Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Ti, Pb,Bi, Po, At, Rn


Discoverer - Place where it was discover

Uses/application

Harmful effects


27/32

Terbium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects


28/32

Dysprosium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects


29/32

Holmium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects


30/32

Erbium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects


31/32

Thulium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects


32/32

Ytterbium

Symbol -


Block Type -

Period -

Group -




Uses/application

Harmful effects

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