akm ch01 ifrs
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C H A P T E R 1
FINANCIAL REPORTING AND
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Intermediate Accounting
Presented By:Ratna Candra Sari
Email: [email protected]
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LO 3 Explain the need for high-quality standards.
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Objective of Financial Accounting
LO 4 Identify the objectives of financial reporting.
Objective: Provide financial information about the reporting
entity that is useful to
present and potential equity investors,
lenders, and
other creditors
in making decisions in their capacity as capital providers.
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Capital Providers (Investors)
Investors are the primary user group.
Objective of Financial Accounting
LO 4 Identify the objectives of financial reporting.
General-Purpose Financial Statements
Provide financial reporting information to a wide variety
of users.
Provide the most useful information possible at the
least cost.
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Decision-Usefulness
Objective of Financial Accounting
LO 4 Identify the objectives of financial reporting.
Investors are interested in assessing the company’s
1. ability to generate net cash inflows and
2. management’s ability to protect and enhance thecapital providers’ investments.
Entity Perspective
Companies viewed as separate and distinct from their owners.
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Two Major Organizations:
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
Issues International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS).
Standards used on most foreign exchanges.
Standards used by foreign companies listing on U.S.
securities exchanges.
IFRS used in over 115 countries.
LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
Standard-Setting Organizations
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Two Major Organizations:
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
Issues Statements of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS).
Required for all U.S.-based companies.
LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
Standard-Setting Organizations
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LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
Standard-Setting Organizations
International Organization of SecuritiesCommissions (IOSCO)
Does not set accounting standards.
Dedicated to ensuring that global
markets can operate in an efficient
and effective basis.
http://www.iosco.org/
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LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
Standard-Setting Organizations
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
Composed of four organizations—
International Accounting Standards
Committee Foundation (IASCF)
International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB)
Standards Advisory Council
International Financial Reporting
Interpretations Committee (IFRIC)
http://www.iasb.org
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LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
Standard-Setting Organizations
Illustration 1-4International Standard-Setting Structure
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The major key players on the international side arethe:
a. IASB and FASB.
b. SEC and FASB.
c. IOSCO and the SEC.
d. IASB and IOSCO.
Review Question
Standard-Setting Organizations
LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
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Due Process
Illustration 1-4InternationalStandard-SettingStructure
LO 5 Identify the major policy-setting bodies andtheir role in the standard-setting process.
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Ethics in the Environment of Financial Accounting
Companies that concentrate on “maximizing the bottomline,” “facing the challenges of competition,” and
“stressing short-term results” place accountants in an
environment of conflict and pressure.
IFRS does not always provide an answer.
Doing the right thing is not always easy or obvious.
Financial Reporting Challenges
LO 7 Describe the challenges facing financial reporting.
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International Convergence
In 2002 the IASB and the FASB formalized their commitmentto the convergence of U.S. GAAP and international
standards. The Boards agreed to:
1. Make their existing financial reporting standards fully
converged as soon as practicable, and
2. Coordinate their future work programs to ensure that
once achieved, convergence is maintained.
Financial Reporting Challenges
LO 7 Describe the challenges facing financial reporting.