AIM: What were the AIM: What were the causes of the Industrial causes of the Industrial

Revolution?Revolution?

Ms. McMillanMs. McMillan

Global IIIGlobal III

November 29, 2011November 29, 2011

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

1.1. The Industrial Revolution was a period, The Industrial Revolution was a period, beginning around 1750, in which the beginning around 1750, in which the means of production of goods shifted means of production of goods shifted from hand tools to complex machines from hand tools to complex machines and from human and animal power to and from human and animal power to steam power.steam power.

2.2. During this period, technology developed During this period, technology developed rapidly and production increased.rapidly and production increased.

3.3. The Industrial Revolution brought great The Industrial Revolution brought great changes into people’s lives.changes into people’s lives.

Causes of the Industrial Causes of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

1.1. Industrialization began in Britain.Industrialization began in Britain.

2.2. Belgium, France, Germany, and the Belgium, France, Germany, and the United States, and Kapan would all United States, and Kapan would all industrialize by the end of the 1800s.industrialize by the end of the 1800s.

3.3. In time, the Industrial Revolution In time, the Industrial Revolution would spread throughout the world.would spread throughout the world.

4.4. It happened first in Britain for several It happened first in Britain for several reasons.reasons.

GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

1.1. Britain had plenty of coal and iton Britain had plenty of coal and iton ore needed for industrialization.ore needed for industrialization.

2.2. As an island, Britain had many As an island, Britain had many natural harbors for trade.natural harbors for trade.

3.3. Rivers served both as a means of Rivers served both as a means of transportation and as a source of transportation and as a source of power for factories.power for factories.

Early CanalsEarly Canals

Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

Metals, Woolens & CanalsMetals, Woolens & Canals

Coalfields and Industrial Coalfields and Industrial AreasAreas

Coal Mining in Britain Coal Mining in Britain (1800-(1800-1914)1914)

18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

18801880300 million tons

500, 000 miners

19141914250 million tons

1, 200, 000 miners

British Pig Iron ProductionBritish Pig Iron Production

POPULATION GROWTH AND POPULATION GROWTH AND CHANGECHANGE

1.1. Growth in population, resulting from Growth in population, resulting from the Agrarian Revolution, led to the Agrarian Revolution, led to more available workers.more available workers.

2.2. Because of the enclosure Because of the enclosure movement, fewer farm laborers movement, fewer farm laborers were needed.were needed.

3.3. Many people moved to the cities, Many people moved to the cities, where they could work in factories.where they could work in factories.

Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement

Enclosed Land TodayEnclosed Land Today

CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENTCAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT

1.1. The British overseas empire had The British overseas empire had made the economy strong.made the economy strong.

2.2. As a result, the middle class had the As a result, the middle class had the capital to invest in mines, railroads capital to invest in mines, railroads and factories.and factories.

ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGYENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY

1.1. Britain had experienced an energy Britain had experienced an energy revolution.revolution.

2.2. In the 1700s, people used giant In the 1700s, people used giant water wheels to power new water wheels to power new machines.machines.

3.3. Soon coal was used to power giant Soon coal was used to power giant steam engines, which would become steam engines, which would become an important power source for an important power source for machines.machines.

Water WheelsWater Wheels

CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

WE ARE GOING TO FILL IN THE WE ARE GOING TO FILL IN THE CHART TOGETHER!CHART TOGETHER!

AGRARIAN REVOLUTIONAGRARIAN REVOLUTION

Dutch build dykes to protect Dutch build dykes to protect farmland from the sea and use farmland from the sea and use animal fertilizer to improve soilanimal fertilizer to improve soil

British discover ways to produce British discover ways to produce more food and invent the seed drillmore food and invent the seed drill

BETTER FOOD PRODUCTIONBETTER FOOD PRODUCTION

POPULATION EXPLOSIONPOPULATION EXPLOSION

People eat betterPeople eat better Women give birth to healthier babiesWomen give birth to healthier babies Better medical care slows death rateBetter medical care slows death rate

MORE DEMAND FOR GOODSMORE DEMAND FOR GOODS

ENERGY REVOLUTIONENERGY REVOLUTION

Water wheels power new machinesWater wheels power new machines Coal used to fuel steam enginesCoal used to fuel steam engines

FASTER PRODUCTION OF GOODSFASTER PRODUCTION OF GOODS

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION