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Industrial Revolution

Why did the Industrial Revolution happen? Why in

Britain?

Sources of water

1. Navigable rivers

Trade within the country

2. Natural harbours

Ships can move easily, make trade easier

Raw materials and numerous markets

3. Colonies supplied with abundant raw material

4. Colonies demanded goods from the textile and iron industries

COAL

5. Abundant deposits of coal which are easily mined and transported.

Coal provides three times more energy than wood.

Coal kick-started a revolution in XIII century Britain, a revolution which transformed not only the country but the world itself.

6. In Britain the mines were near the sea, so ships could carry coal cheaply to the most important market, London.

Scientific and technological new ideas

7. The demand for coal became larger, but the deeper the miners went the more water there was underground, so it was necessary to pump water out of the mine.

8. Initially people used horse-driven pumps, but they needed a more effective way to draw water from much deeper.

9. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric engine . It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder.

10. James Watt developed (1763–75) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser. Boulton and Watt’s early machines used less coal than Newcomen's

11. Flying shuttle

12. Spinning Jenny

13. The water frame