ai block course summer term 2012-1-29 v2

8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2

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Universitt des SaarlandesFR 6.2 Informatik

Campus E1 166041Saarbrcken

Tel.: (0681) 302-5252/2363Fax: (0681) 302-5341

E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster

Wolfgang Wahlster

Course Summer Term 2012

Artificial Intelligence


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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI has: l goals of computational sciences and engineeringl goals of cognitive science

AI

Computational Sciences andEngineering

ComputerScience

BiosciencesPsychology

PhilosophyLinguistics

CognitiveScience

Artificial Intelligence: realize intelligent behavior and theunderlying cognitive abilities on computer systems.


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AugmentedReality

ImageUnderstanding

Robotics

Computers with Eyes, Ears and Common Sense

LanguageUnderstanding

Human-TechnologyCommunication

KnowledgeManagement

3D Graphics &Visualization

Security/Verification

IntelligentSoftwareSystems


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The Turing Test

Alan Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence

"Can machines think?" "Can machines behave intelligently ?

Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game

Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling alay person for 5 minutes

Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, languageunderstanding, learning

1954 100 th Birthday

4


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Cognitive Agents

An cognitive agent is an

entity that perceives andacts

The agent function maps from percepthistories to actions:[f : P* A ]

Agent in Physical World = Robot Agent in Virtual World = Softbot


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BUT! strategies based less on humanchess strategies than on fast

searchAI system

beatsWorld Chess Champion

BUT! through the desert and notthrough realistic urban traffic

BUT! only for meeting scheduling andtravel planning

Deep Blue / Deep Junior1997

AI systemunderstands and

translates phone call

AI systemdrives an

unmanned car

Verbmobil / C-STAR2001

Stanley / VW Touareg2005

Three

major challenges

Breakthroughs within the research field ofArtificial Intelligence


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autonomous

proactive

adaptive

self-explanatory

fault-tolerant

self-optimizing

self-learning

goal-oriented

flexible

cooperative

Key Featuresof Intelligent

Systems

Features of Intelligent IT Systems in the Spirit ofArtificial Intelligence


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Core Areas and Applications of AINatural

LanguageUnderstanding

Systems

ImageUnderstanding

Systems

ExpertSystems Robotics

Multi-agent

Systems

IntelligentTutoringSystems

IntelligentHelp

Systems

IntelligentUser

Interfaces

Subsymbolic ProcessingSignal2Symbol Transformation

Knowledge Representation

Knowledge Processing- Search- Inference- Learning

Knowledge Presentation

AI Programming Methods

AI Programming Languages

A I T o

o l s

A I H a r

d w a r e


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From Data to Meta Knowledge

Information KnowledgeMeta-

Knowledge

Interpreteddata

Use ofinformation

Availability ofknowledge

DataMining

Information

extraction

Knowledge

RepresentationKnowledge

Management

ITsupport

Data


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DFKI Operates Five Large-Scale IntelligentEnvironments as Living Labs

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DFKI Heads of Research Labs

Associated ProfessorsHeads of Research Groups /Living Lab Leaders at DFKI

Prof. Felix Sasaki

Prof.Rolf Drechsler

Prof. Joachim Hertzberg

Prof.Dieter Hutter

Prof. Anthony Jameson

Prof. Klaus-Dieter Althoff

Prof.Philipp Slusallek

Prof.Hans Uszkoreit

Prof.Wolfgang Wahlster

Prof.

BerndKrieg-Brckner

Prof.

Andreas Dengel

Prof.Frank Kirchner

Prof.

Didier Stricker

Prof.Detlef Zhlke

Prof.Peter Loos

Prof.Antonio Krger

Prof.Paul Lukowicz

Currently 17 Professors of Different StatusAre Working for the DFKI

Prof.Hans D. Schotten

Prof.Stephan Busemann

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l f l d d d


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Smart Truck :Context sensitive route planningfor optimized pickup and delivery

deployed since 2011

Intelligent ProductLocator: finding

shelfs in large malls

deployed since 2011

BMWMotorcycle R 1200 RTHaptic media control iDrive

function

deployed since 2010

Agender : Automatic age and genderclassification and corresponding

call routing in call centers

deployed since 2010

MasDISPO :

Agent-based production planning inthe melting shop as a web service

deployed since 2011

Retail Malls

MotorcycleProduction

Tele-communicationsCompany

A Selection of Deployed Products and Service InnovationsBased on DFKIs Research Results

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DFKI is the Onl Germ n Instit te for Comp ter Science to


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DFKI is the Only German Institute for Computer Science toParticipate in Each of the Three Leading-Edge Research Clusters:Local, National and EuropeanThree Leading-Edge Clusters

EU Elite InstitutKIC for Computer Science EIT ICT LabsBerlin , Darmstadt, Karlsruhe,Munich, Saarbrcken ,Paris, Stockholm, Helsinki and Eindhoven

BMBF Leading-Edge ClusterSoftware Innovations for the DigitalEnterpriseDarmstadt, Kaiserlautern , Karlsruhe andSaarbrcken

DFG Cluster of ExcellenceSaarbrcken

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The Future Internet as the Basis for Digital


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InternetofThings

3D Internet

InternetofServicesSemantic

Web

Multimodal Interaction Technologies

Trusted Cloud

Broadband Communication

The Future Internet as the Basis for DigitalLifestyles

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DFKI EO A R b i C i h Ad bl


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DFKIs EO: A Robotic Car with AdaptableMorphology

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The B Human Team of DFKI was three times World


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The B-Human Team of DFKI was three times WorldChampion and four times European Champion inRoboCup. As humanoid, autonomous robots on the standard platform NAO, B-Human has a

goal difference of 267:8 and has never lost a game.

After each tournament the software of the B-Human robots becomes publiclyavailable. Nevertheless none of the twelve competing teams could turn this into anadvantage and win against B-Human during the last European Championship inMagdeburg 2011. During the game against the UK-Team the mercy rule wasapplied after B-Human was leading 10:0.

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DFKIs RoboCup-Team B-Human

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Towards Embedded AI in the Internet of Things


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Towards Embedded AI in the Internet of Things

90% of all

computers areembedded andinvisible

5) Intelligent Environments

4) Embedded Computers

3) Smart PhoneSmart Card, nPA

Zeit2000 202019801960

Smart City

1) Central Computer

2) PC, Notebook

1 ComputerMany Users 1 Computer

1 User

1 UserMany ComputersM2M Communication

1941

d i s t r i b

u t i

o n

AI-Completeness: The difficulty of simulating a single


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AutomaticSpeechTranslation

ProblemSolving

ImageUnderstanding

Reasoning

Learning KnowledgeRepresentation

ActionPlanning

is AI-complete

AI Completeness: The difficulty of simulating a singlecognitive ability = to solving the central AI problem

Example

in analogy toNP-Completeness

A Comparison of Information Processing Performance:


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A Comparison of Information Processing Performance:Human vs. Computer

10 11 neurons

10 10 bit/sec.

40 bit/sec.

costs: ~ 10.000 $ for food costs: ~ 2.000.000 $per year for electricity

65.536 processors

183.500 gigaflops (10 9)

?Semantics

IBM Blue Gene/L

The Spectrum of Human Perception


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SensorySystem

Vision

Hearing

Kinesthetic

Taste

Smell

The Spectrum of Human Perception

10.000.000

100.000

1.000.000

1.000

100.000

Neuronal Bandwith(bit/sec.)

40

30

5

1

1

Consciously PerceivedBandwith (bit/sec.)

adapted from: R. Kay 2001

AI as a Basis for Mutimodal Interaction in Intelligent


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AI as a Basis for Mutimodal Interaction in IntelligentUser Interfaces

SpeechGraphics

Gesture

MultimodalInteraction

Facial ExpressionBody Language

Biometrics:Eye Gaze

Physical Action

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The Need for Hybrid AI Systems


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The Need for Hybrid AI Systems

Hybrid AI System

Symbolic Level

- Semantic Networks- Rule-Based Techniques- Constraint-Based Techniques

Subsymbolic Level - Neural Nets

- Genetic Algorithms- Fuzzy Control

l Driving the car according to traffic rulesand given goal

l Explainable knowledge-intensive highercognitive processes

l Less critical with regard to timing andinterference

Example: Driving a car

l Keep vehicle on the roadl Unexplainable, unconscious

senso-motoric processesl Very fast, robust processing

Biohybride Implants und Exoskeletons


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Biohybride Implants und Exoskeletons

Retina Implant (3x3 mm chip)Retinis Pigmentosa

Bleex-Exoskeleton

CochlearImplant

Asguard (DFKI): An Outdoor Security Robot for Difficult


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Asguard (DFKI): An Outdoor Security Robot for DifficultTerrain

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The Most Important Upcoming AI Conferences


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The Most Important Upcoming AI Conferences

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World Conference:

IJCAI : International Joint Conference on AI (23: 2013 Beijing, China), every 2years

Europe:

ECAI: European Conference on AI (20: 2012 Montpellier, France), every 2 years

US:

AAAI: Association for the Advancement of AI (26: 2012 Toronto, Canada)

Asia and Pacific Rim:

PRICAI: Pacific Rim Conference on AI (11: 2010, Kuching, Malaysia), every 2years

Germany:

KI: German Conference on AI (35: 2012 Saarbrcken)24-27 September 2012

ai block course summer term 2012-1-29 v2

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