a.heterophyllus jackfruit

8/6/2019 A.heterophyllus Jackfruit

1/17

Species Proles or Pacic Island Agroorestrywww.traditionaltree.org

Ar 2006er. 1.1

In BrIef

Distribution mmn n uea Aaand und ccanay n Pacc and

megarden.Size ree ycay reac a eg 825 m(2682 ) and a cany dameer 3.56.7 m(1122 ) a 5 year age.

Habitat Te ree grw we n equara ubrca marme cmae a eean 11600 m (3.35250 ) and aerage rana 10002400 mm (4095 n).

Vegetation A cmmn cmnen n y cuure geer w numeru er cu aed ece.

Soils Grw n reey dranng, acd neura (H 5.07.5).

Growth rate Grw mderaey rady neary year, u 1.5 m/yr (5 /yr) n eg,wng abu 0.5 m/yr (20 n/yr) a reereac maury.

Main agroorestry uses Sade, wndbreak,megarden.

Main products Fru, mber, dder, aex.

Yields 70100 kg/ree/yr (150220 b/ree/yr)

yca, aug muc arger yed aebeen rered.

Intercropping I neraned w manyer ree cr.

Invasive potential N cndered nae;naurazan n new enrnmen un uua.

photo:C

.ElEvitCh
http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/


2/17

Acrocarpus heterophyllus (jackruit)

InTrODUCTIOn

Jackru (Artocarpus heterophyllus) ne e m g ncan ree n rca megarden and era em wderead and ueu ree n e mran genu

Artocarpus. I a medum ze eergreen ree ycayreacng 825 m (2682 ) n eg a eay recg nzed by ru, e arge amng cuaed an. Te

uccuen, armac, and aru ru eaen re rreered n myrad way. Te nuru eed are bedr raed and eaen ke cenu, added ur r bak ng, r cked n de. I a knwn r remark abe, durabe mber, wc age an range r red brwncr. Te eae and ru wae rde auabe dderr cae, g, and ga. Many ar e an ncud ng e bark, r, eae, and ru are arbued w me dcna rere. Wd c yed a dye ued ge eamu range red cr e rbe Budd re.

Te ree can rde many enrnmena erce. I

gy wnd eran and erere make a gd cm nen n a wndbreak r brder anng. Grwng n a ure, can rde aen ru r eck, ade, andng erm mber. In megarden, e dene jackrucany can rde a ua creen and ery rnamena.

Inrduced m Pacc and aer urean cnac,e ree can be und rugu e Pacc, many nmegarden, were nd a ace amng er aremuure an. I eay grw and mre adaabean me e er cmmnArtocarpus ece uc abreadru (A. altilis). I n cndered be an naeece.

DISTrIBUTIOn

Native range

Te ree reredy nae e ranre Maayaand e Weern Ga Inda.

Current distribution

Jackru a been cuaed nce rerc me anda naurazed n many ar e rc, arcuaryn Suea Aa, were day an mran cr Inda, Burma, na, Sr Lanka, Maaya, Indnea,

Taand, and e Pne. I a grwn n ar Arca, Braz, Surname, e arbbean, Frda, and Au raa. I a been nrduced many Pacc and nce urean cnac and arcuar mrance nFj, were ere a arge uan Indan decen.In a 1985 urey, jackru wa reen n 1024% Ind Fjan ugarcane arm n weern V Leu, Fj (Taman

and A 1993). In cmarn, mang (Mangiera indica),aaya (Carica papaya), drumck ree (Moringaoleiera),

Murrayakoenigii, and amarnd (amarindusindica) wereund n 75100% e arm. In Hawa, ccan ay und n megarden, and d n armer mar ke, aug cmmerca rducn mnr. Jackru ccanay aned n backyard garden n Guam. Te

ece a rered ae been nrduced Paau, Ya, Pne, Nauru, abeuea n rba, Sama, ander and (Fberg e a. 1979).

BOTAnICAL DeSCrIPTIOn

Preerred scientic name

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

Family

Mraceae (muberry amy)

Non-preerred scientic names

Artocarpus brasiliensis GmezArtocarpus heterophylla Lam.Artocarpus maxima BancArtocarpus philippinensis Lam.Polyphema jaca Lur.Soccus arboreus majorRum.

Artocarpus integer(Tunb.) Merr and ynnym A. inte griolia L. . are a deren ece (camedak), and eename ae en makeny been ued a ynnym rA.

heterophyllus.

Common names

Pacifc islands

dapanapan(?) (Ya)jack, jack ree, jackru, jak, jakru (ng)jacquier(Frenc)kapiak (Paua New Gunea)utoniIndia (Fj)

ulu initia (Sama)

Other regionsbanun, khanun, makmi(Ta)buenpan,jaca,panderuta, rima (San)chakki, kanthal, kathal, kathar,panos (Hnd)

Jackrutchbaum (German)langka, nancas (Fn)nangka, nongko (Jaanee)


3/17

Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org)

Size and orm

Jackru a medum ze, eergreen ree a ycay a an a eg 825 m (2682 ) and a em dameer

3080 cm (1232 n). Te cany ae uuay cncar yramda n yung ree and becme readng anddmed n der ree. Te cany dameer a 5 year drange rm 3.56.7 m (1122 ) and can reac 10 m r mre

n der ree. Te ree ca a ery dene ade. Heay debrancng uuay begn near e grund. A ar eree exude a cky we aex wen njured.

Flowers

T ece mnecu, ang mae and emae n recence (r ke) n e ame ree. Mae and emaeke are brne earaey n r, u em a rurm der brance and e runk. Mae ke are undn yunger brance abe emae ke. Mae ke aredene, ey, cyndrca cub aed, and u 10 cm(4 n) n eng. Fwer are ny, ae green wen yung,

urnng darker w age. Femae wer are arger, ecr runded, w a ubuar cayx. Te wer are reredynaed by nec and wnd, w a g ercenage cr nan.

Leaves

Leae are dark green, aernae, enre, me, gy,

eaery, , arge (u 16 cm [6 n] n eng), and e c a n rm. Leae are en deey bed wenjuene and n yung .

Fruit

Jackru a a cmund r mue ru (yncar) wa green yew brwn exerr rnd a cmed exagna, buny cnca care ace a cer a ck,rubbery, w yew wa. Te acd wee(wen re) banana ared e (ar) urrund eaceed. Te eay ru ed geer by a cenra brucre. Fru are bng cyndrc n ae, ycay 3040

Let: Female (top) and male (bottom) fower spikes. Right: Seedlings have lobed leaves compared to the entire leaves on maturetrees. photos: C. ElEvitCh


4/17


cm (1216 n) n eng bu meme u 90 cm (35n). Tey uuay weg 4.530 kg (1066 b), aug a

weg 50 kg (110 b) a been rered (Mrn 1987).Te eay ru brne rmary n e runk and nerrar man brance.

Fru ake 90180 day reac maury. In e NrernHemere, e man bearng ean ae rng eary

a (beween Marc and Seember). A ew ru mauren wner r eary rng.

Seeds

Seed are g brwn brwn, runded, 23 cm (0.81.2n) n eng by 11.5 cm (0.40.6 n) n dameer, and en ced n a n, w membrane. U 500 eed canbe und n eac ru. Seed are recacran and can bered u a mn n c, umd cndn.

Rooting habit

Jackru a a rng ar.

Similar species

amedak (Artocarpus integer[Tunb.] Merr.) eaymaken r jackru. Tere are eera ndcar der enang e w ece; era e eae ee acamedak a maer, runder ru, w e aex andcker rnd. Hweer, camedak rarey und n ePacc.

GeneTICS

Variability o species

Becaue e wer are en naed, ere uuaygrea aran n eedng. Varan exbed n a wderange caracerc uc a ree ze and rucure, eaand ru rm, age bearng, and ru quay. Fru ze,ae, and cr e ru and exure, dr, and ae e edbe u ary remenduy. An excen eSngare (r eyn) cuar, wc bear cmara ey qucky rm eeduuay n 1830 mnand

Fruit on 7-year-old tree. photos: C. ElEvitCh


5/17


reaey rue ye. I a medum ze ru (612 kg[1326 b]) w , bru, and ery wee e.

Known varieties

mmercay, graed cuar are nrmay aned. Teru m cuar weg 1030 kg (2266 b), auge u range knwn cuar 236 kg (4.479 b) and

een eaer. Te ru generay grued n w majrye by ru quay: 1) n, bru, and muy edbeu, uuay ery wee and emng a rng dr, and2) ck, rm, en cr, e ragran u. Tere are nu meru cuar eac ye n regn were jackru a gncan d cr, ncudng Su Inda, Taand,Maaya, e Pne, and eyn. In Hawa, graedcuar ncude Back Gd, Dang Ram, GdenNugge, Hney Gd, and NS. Jackru uuay aw man ean; n Hawa bear n MayAugu andNemberJanuary. Dea n ee and er cuarare aaabe rm eera exceen reerence (e.g., rane

e a. 2002, ambe and Ledema 2003, and Mrn1987) and n abe 1 and 2 bew.

Culturally important related species in the genus

Jackru beng e genu Artocarpus, a genu rc ncuuray mran ece ncudng breadru (A. altilis),dugdug (A. mariannensis), and breadnu (A. camansi). Teeree ece rereen me e m mran ra dna ubence ree Pacc and. ewere nSuea Aa and Inda, camedak ( A. integer), ak ca ( A. lakoocha), marang (A. odoratissima), kwa muk (A.lingnanensis), and er are mran ru ree, a wcuuray mran ue, and many w er auaberduc, uc a mber.

ASSOCIATeD PLAnT SPeCIeS

Associated native species commonly ound

Jackru rered a a cay cmmn endemc reeece e eergreen and em eergreen re e

Weern Ga Inda. Tee munan are a cener bdery were mre an 800 ece ree ae

been recrded. Rame (n dae) cae e egean e Weern Ga n e wng: We eergreenre (w ree ubye baed n eean, w ege caed abe 1400 m [4600 ]); dry eergreenre; m decduu re; dry decduu re; andgraand. In ee re, jackru ne 352 endemcree ece.

Species commonly associated as aboriginal intro-ductions in Pacic islands

Jackru a urean cnac nrducn Paccand. Te ree cmmny aned n mader canearm n Fj ed by armer Indan ancery. I cca nay und n ma arm and megarden rug u e Pacc. Acaed ree ece ncude breadru( Artocarpus altilis), dugdug ( A. mariannensis), bee nuam (Areca catechu), ccnu (Cocos nuciera),Musa textilis,

M. paradisiaca, M. sapendium, mang ( Mangiera indica),

Annona ., Pangium edule, cca (Teobroma cacao), Eu genia ., and guaa (Psidiumguajava). Jackru undgrwng geer w mre an 50 ree ece n Yaeemegarden (Faanruw 1990). I und ccanay narm and n megarden rugu Hawa.

Species commonly associated in modern times oras recent Pacic island introduction

Te ree en und a a cmnen megarden

Tere is great variation in ruit size, shape, color, etc., asshown here at a jackruit competition in Rayong, Tailand.photo: C. ElEvitCh


6/17


n many rca regn, abe ew n number a eace. One exame rm Jaa w bu ne jackru reeamng a ng 39 megarden an (Abdea 1990).

Te ece a a cmmn acae age ree gar den. Oer ree ece ncude duran (Duriozibethinus),Gnetumgnemon,Eugeniapolycephala,Mangieracaesia, c ee (Cofearobusta), Pangiumedule, and bmb (Averrhoa

bilimbi), name a ew (Mcn and Mary 1990).

enVIrOnMenTAL PreferenCeS

AnD TOLerAnCeS

Jackru grw n a wde range rca ubrcaenrnmen. I m cmmn n wand re u 250 m (820 ), decreang n abundance u 1000 mabe ea ee; re be n m rca enrn men bew 1000 m (3300 ). Aug eran cerenrnmen u 1600 m (5250 ), jackru may uerdeback n g r and de n erae reezng em

eraure. I bear ru a aude u 30 rm eequar, w gd cr a aude wn 24.

Climate

Te ree grw we n e equara ubrca mar me cmae e Indan and Pacc cean. I a cm nen e rca m (ranre) em dry r e.

Elevation range

11600 m (3.35250 )

Mean annual rainall

10002400 mm (4094 n)

Rainall pattern

I ar enrnmen w a unrm rana aern, a ug w grw n eanay dry cmae.

Dry season duration (consecutive months with


7/17


8/17


Growing area

Seed are wn a a de 2 cm (0.8 n), and can be ada r aned w e um nng dwn.

Germination

Germnan begn n 13 week, r nger (u 6 week) eed were red mre a a ew day aer cecn.

Day waerng en neceary nce eed germnae.

Media

A we draned medum recmmended, uc a 50% eam, 25% ere, 25% ermcue amended w a ecm, dme me, gyum, and a 14 14 14 w re eae r an rganc erzer. In e nurery, 24 (24 q)r ranng cnaner wrk we. Te eedng udn be awed r rug e cnaner n e un deryng ubrae, a e r wud ae be cu rbrken r rananng.

Approximate size at outplantingSeedng ae reaced arge ze wen arxmaey 20cm n eg and ae a em dameer 9 mm (0.35 n).

T ake abu 34 mn n gd grwng cndn.

Guidelines or outplanting

I eedng are grwn n e nurery, cruca uanem bere ey becme r bund. rananng eed ng wen ey ae ju ed u er grwng cnaner

w enure mnma rauma e r yem. In deacndn, ed ura abu 90% can be execed.

Direct-seedingDrec eedng n e ed e be ragan med e anng can are we reared, weed ree, andrequeny ended r e r 612 mn grw. Iemnae any ranan rauma. In drec eedng, anarea reared r eac anng , ceared weed,and cuaed a de 50 cm (20 n) e cm aced. Seed are aned a a de 23 cm (0.81.2 n).Swng eera eed a eac e aw r eecng em gru eedng and can reen e necey reeedng. Te drawback drec eedng ncude rk

redar damage (e.g., ra, g, cae, ec.), ack ran uan e newy germnaed eed, and e mandaryrequen manenance a mu be dne enure weedd n ercme e eedng.

DISADVAnTAGeS

Jackru ucebe damage by a wde number brng nec and an deae. Aug e ree ng

ed, e recmmended racce n me regn re me 20 year d ree becaue decnng rducy.Sme ee nd e arma e ru be bjecn abe, arcuary n cnned ace.

Potential or invasiveness

Jackru de n read ready and n cndered

nae. In m area e wrd were jackru grwn, reence ndcae uman cuan.

Pests and diseases

In uweern and uern Aa, brng nec eem be e majr e jackru. Tee ncude Indarbelatetraonis, Batocera ruomaculata, Margaronia caecalis, andOchyromera artocarpio (Mrn 1987). In Inda e mannec e are e brng caerar ( Diaphaniacaesalis), meaybug (Nipaecoccus viridis, Pseudococcus corym batus, and Ferrisia virgata), e bug (Cosmoscarta relata),and jack cae (Ceroplastes rubina).

In uern na, e ru em ucebe damagerm e arae e ngcrn beee Aprona germarri,Pterolophia discalis, Xenolea tomenlosa asiatica, and Olen ecamptus bilobus. Te caerar ea webber (Perinanuda and Diaphania bivitralis), ad (Greenidea artocarpiand oxoptera aurantii), and r (Pseudodendrothripsdwivarna) are mnr rbem (Mrn 1987).

Imran deae jackru are nk deae (Pelliculana[yn. Corticum] salmonicolor); em, ru, and mae n recence r caued by Rhizopus artocarpi; and ea due Phomopsis artocarpina, Colletrotrichum lagenarium, Sep

toria artocarpi, and er ung. Gray bg (Pestalotia elas ticola), carca r (Ustilana zonata), car r (Roselliniaarcuata), and ru (Uredo artocarpi) ccur n jackru nme regn (Mrn 1987).

Accrdng rane e a. (2002), wd brng nec nFrda ncude Elaphidion mucronatum, Nyssodrysina hal demani, and Leptostylopsis terraecolor. Varu cae andmeaybug may aack em and ru.

Deae ncude Rhizopus ru r (Rhizopus artocarpi),gray md (Botrytis cinerea), r r (Pythium splendens,Phytophthora ., Fusarium ., and Rhizoctonia .),

and ea ng by ung (Gloeosproium . and Phyllost icta artocarpi).

Other disadvantages

Te ru reaey uncmmn n many ar e Pa cc ncudng Hawa, and e arge ze and caracer c dr can be deerren n e markeace. Yung an


9/17


requre recn rm grazng anma and un cad. Inanan, ary wde acng beween ree requred nrder reduce cmen r g, waer, and nuren.

AGrOfOreSTrY/enVIrOnMenTAL

PrACTICeS

Soil stabilization

Te ree can be aned n arm cnr ern.

Crop shade/overstory

Jackru ued a a ade ree r cee, eer, bee nu,and cardamm. Becaue e ree ca a dee ade, wdeacng uc a 15 x 15 m (50 x 50 ) recmmended unee nercr cndered r erm.

Intercropping

In e Pne, jackru a been ued a an nercr w ccnu. Oer nercr ncude duran, mang,and cru. A an eary age, r erm cr uc a ba nana, wee crn, and grundnu ae been grwn.

Homegardens

Jackru make an exceen ree r a megarden r beauu age, many rduc, and bunu rduc n. One arge ree n rme can uy ru r eeraame.

Windbreaks

Jackru make a ery gd cmnen n a mu e ce wndbreak and a been knwn wand urr cane rce wnd. Becaue e ru brne n e manrunk and nerr arger brance, ru damage due

Let: A heavily bearing mature jackruit growing among other ruit trees including banana. Right: rees grown or timber withside branches pruned and ruiting branchlets regularly removed rom the lower trunk. photos: C. ElEvitCh


10/17

10 Acrocarpus heterophyllus (jackruit)

mderae wnd mnma.

Silvopasture

Leck ready ea jackru age, yung ree wudn ure exure grazng anma. Hweer, e ck can be aured amng maure ree. Faen ru areready eaen by eck and make an exceen cnrbu

n er de.Host plant trellising

Jackru a been ued a ur r eer ne and yam(Dioscorea .).

Ornamental

Jackru a gy, medum dee green age andmake a wnderu rnamena. Te gy ragran rumay be ene negbr, wc can be a drawback grwng jackru near ue, eecay n urban area.

USeS AnD PrODUCTS

Staple ood

Te u e yung ru cked a a arcy d anda a cnency reembng mea. Te yung ru acked r canned n brne r curry.

Fruit

Te re ru eaen re r rceed n numerudecace ncudng jam, jey, and cuney. I a makean exceen dred ru r reered candy wen cmbned

w ugar r ney. Te u a ued a a arng nce cream and drnk. anned ru aaabe n encmarke (e.g., Hawa).

Nut/seed

Te eed mu be cked by bng r rang rr eang. Tey are an exceen addn curre, r canbe eaen rey cked r dred w a a a nack. Tecked and dred eed are med a ur ke cn ency and added bread dug.

Lea vegetable

Te ender yung eae are cked and eaen a a eg eabe.

Other vegetable

Yung mae wer ke can be graed r maed andeaen w a and negar a a egeabe, r cked. Teyare a cked and ered a a egeabe.

Beverage/drink/tea

Ade rm arng r beerage, e ru can be er mened and ded rduce an acc qur.

Medicinal

A ar e ree are ad ae medcna rere.Mrn (1987) rer, Te nee cnder jackru

TIPS

How to tell i a ruit is mature

In rder acee be ru quay, e ru mu beawed dee u maury n e ree, enren aer are. Hareed een a ew day ear y, e ru w n ren be quay. Fru ake38 mn rm wer maure ru, deendng ne nddua ree, grwng cndn, and weaer;erere, me rm werng ane n a gd n dcar maury. I ake me exerence gaugemaury. Tere are ur rmary ndcar. 1) Te knurn rm g green yew r brwn green;2) e n e ne grw urer aar and a en gy, and e kn yed gy reure; 3)Te a ea n e ak urn yew; 4) e ru r duce a du, w und wen aed. Uuay wr mre ee ndcar are ued eauae emaury ru. Aer areng a maure ru, ren n 37 day and begn em rng, car acerc ragrance. Fr m ee, e ragrance

rng bear ndr, and e ru ke uder n an en ed un eaen.

Harvesting ruit

Fru are ceced ung an rcard adder r bycmbng e ree, cung e em e ru, andcareuy werng e ru e grund w a re neceary.

Reducing latex

Hareng re ru beween md mrnng and aeaernn can reduce aex w (Aced 1992).

How to avoid a sticky mess

Wen cung n a jackru, a ery cky aex exuded rm e rnd and bru ar e ru.ang e kne and and w edbe (uc accnu ) w reen e aex rm ckng. Ime aex becme nadereny uck e kn rar, can be remed by rubbng w edbe .


11/17

Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org) 11

u and eed nc, cng and nuru, and beueu n ercmng e nuence ac n e y em. Te eed arc gen reee bune ande raed eed are regarded a ardac. Te a jackru eae, burned w crn and ccnu e, ued ane r mxed w ccnu ea ucer. Tedred aex yed arenne, cnerbe arerne, acmund w marked andrgenc acn (ang maermne acy). Mxed w negar, e aex rmeeang abcee, nakebe and ganduar weng.

Te r a remedy r kn deae and ama. An ex

rac e r aken n cae eer and darrea. Tebark made n uce. Heaed eae are aced n

wund. Te wd a a edae rery; ad rduce abrn.

Animal odder

ae, ga, and er ma rumnan re e eae.ae and g a ready ea aen ru. Te wae aerremng e u rm ru (rag) cndered gd

dder r cae and g.

Flavoring/spice

Te re u, re, cncenraed, r wdered, maden arng r ce cream and beerage.

Masticant/stimulant

Te aex can be ued a cewng gum.Timber

Te wd caed a a medum ardwd (eccgray 0.60.7) and gy aued r budng mae ra, urnure and cabne makng, and een r mucanrumen. I gy durabe, reng erme and de cay, ean eay, reembe magany n aearance, andake a beauu . A e wd age, urn rm

yew r range red r brwn. Aug n a rnga eak (ectona grandis), jackru wd cndered u err r many ure ncudng urnure, cnrucn,

urnery, ma, ar, memen, and muca nrumen.Te excaaed r d ree are gy rzed r car ng and cure rame.

Fuelwood

Brance and runk are burned r uewd.

Crat wood/tools

In e rnce ebu, Pne, e wd gyrzed r makng guar, ukuee, and er muca n rumen.

Rope/cordage/string

Te nner bark can be made n crdage r c.

Wrapping/parcelization

In Inda, eae are ued wra d r ckng and arewen geer r ae.

Resin/gum/glue/latex

Te eaed aex can be ued a a gue r mendng c naware and ery and a caukng r ba and bucke.

Te aex cnan ren a may ae ue n arne.Te aex a a baceryc aue cmarabe a

aaya aex. Addnay, e cky aex ued r ra ng brd (brdme) and r nec ra.

Tannin/dye

Tere 3.3% annn n e bark. Wen bed w aum,wd c, r awdu, yed a dye a cmmnyued ge e caracerc cr e rbe Bud d re and n dyng k.

George and Margaret Schattauer show a Black Gold ruitrom their orchard weighing 34.7 kg (76.4 lb). Kealakekua,Hawaii. photo: K. lovE


12/17


Ceremonial/religious importance

In Inda and Nea, wer and ru are ered LrdVnu n e eeen day Sraan. Accrdng Mr n (1987), dred brance are ued rduce re by rc n n regu ceremne n Maabar.

COMMerCIAL CULTIVATIOn

Te rmary cmmerca rduc jackru are ru,mber, and a eer exen, dder. In e Pacc eree m cmmny grwn n megarden raeran r cmmerca ure. Jackru a uar ree

r megarden n Inda, e Pne, Taand, SrLanka, and er regn were jackru grwn cm mercay.

Spacing

Fr ru rducn, ree are aned 7.512 m (2540 )aar. er n rw acng can be ued r wer grw ng r mre cmac cnay rerduced cuar (uuay

graed cne) w n rw acng 4.67.6 m (1525 )and beween rw acng 6.17.6 m (2025 ) (ranee a. 2002). Fr mber rducn, cer acng udbe ued nb de brancng by adng and rmeng, rag runk. Sacng r mber 2 x 3 m r 3 x 3m (6.6 x 10 r 10 x 10 ) uabe.

Management objectives and design consider-ations

Durng eary eabmen eena cnr weed,manan mure, and rec e area rm a graz ng anma. Weed eed ree muc uc a eae, cedree brance, r ay wrk ery we e ure

weed and reduce earan. An aey crng y em rduce muc r a jackru rcard gae rm ng reu (ec and Wknn 1999). A an age 23

year, e ree can be ed a 35 m (1016 ) eg encurage aera grw r ru rducn a an acce be eg. Once a ree ed, weer, new brance

w n be a rng a e rgna rame e ree, and runng w ae be dne rugu e e e ree ad brance breakng due wnd r e

weg e ru.

Prunng damaged brance, eecay n e wer nerr e ree, aded. Ferzer need are n we udedr jackru. Te ree eem errm we een n md eraey ere . A recmmended cmmerca erzerregme 100150 g (3.55 z) ammnum uae (20 0 0)er ree n e r year, ncreang n re bearng year;en 0.51.0 kg (1.12.2 b) 14 14 14 erzer er ree

ncreang w age and ze, w a u grwn ree 1520year d receng 23 kg (4.46.6 b) cmee erzer(rne 1983). Te ue nuren rc rganc muceuc a runng rm a grwng nrgen xng reecan reduce r emnae e ue ndura erzer.

Fr mber rducn, mran kee e werrn e runk cear brance and ru bearngaera ke n rder rduce cear, kn ree wd.Becaue jackru a a endency rduce ru bearngke w n e runk, annua runng ee ke en neceary.

Advantages o polyculturesDurng e eary year, jackru can be ucceuynercred w a number r erm cr uc aegume, egeabe, and banana. Te nercr make ue e unrduce ace aaabe n e eary year andge an ncme bere e jackru ree cme n r ducn. A e ree grw cer, e cr grwn amnge ree can be reaced by a ermanen grund cer.

Cutting a large ruit, Rayong, Tailand. photo: C. ElEvitCh


13/17


able 1. ree characteristics o cultivars ound in Hawaii (ater Crane et al. 2002).

Cultivar andorigin

Growth habitand rate

Fruit weight Fruitshape

Yield per tree Season andmonths

Comments

Back GdAuraa

Oen, read ng, a

10 kg (22 b) Lng,aered

5590 kg(120200 b)

Lae, Se.Oc.

ree eay runed manan maree (~2.5 m [8 ])

Dang RamTaand

Oen, read ng, a

89 kg(1820 b)

Unrmbng

(75125 kg(165275 b)

Md, JuyAug.

Vgru ree; annua runng needed manan mderae ze (~3.3 m [11 ])

Gd NuggeAuraa

Dene, read ng, a

35.5 kg (712b)

Rund 6080 kg(132176 b)

ary, MayJune

Tnnng number ru recmmend ed; ree eay runed manan maree (~2.5 m [8 ])

Hney GdAuraa

Sare, read ng, w md erae

4.55.5 kg(1012 b)

Bcky 3550 kg(77110 b)

Md, JuyAug.

Tnnng number ru recmmend ed; ree eay runed manan maree (~2.5 m [8 ])

Lemn GdAuraa

Mderaeydene, read ng, mderae

6 kg (13 b) Bcky 3045 kg(66100 b)

Md, JuyAug.

Vgru ree; annua runng needed manan mderae ze (~3.5 m [12 ])

NSMaaya

Dene, urg,mderae

45.5 kg(912 b)

Bcky 90 kg (200 b) ary, MayJune

Tnnng number ru recmmendedr yung ree; mderaey gruree; annua runng manan mder ae ze (~3 m [10 ])

able 2. Characteristics o edible portion, cultivars ound in Hawaii (ater Crane et al. 2002).

Cultivar Color exture Flat spinesat ripening

% ediblefesh

# seeds perruit; seed %

Flavor Comments

Back Gd Dee range Medum

rm me ng,

N 35% 192; 17% Gd, wee, ar

mac

Fe eay remed

Dang Ram Dee range Frm N 32% 187; 12% Md, wee ar,eaan arma

Fe n waed

Gden Nug ge

Dee range S me dum rm

Ye 41% 79; 13% Very eaan ar Fru may aereay ran

Hney Gd Dark yew range

Frm Ye 36% 42; 5% Swee, rc arand arma

Fe ck waed,exceen exure

Lemn Gd Lemn yew Frm Ye 37% 104; 14% Swee and armacar

Fe ck waed

NS Dark range Frm Ye 34% 63; 5% Swee rc ar xceen exure


14/17


Perenna cr uc a duran, cee, and cru can begrwn geer w jackru, gen wder acng be ween jackru ree aw ufcen ace r e ercr ree.

Yields

Pena yed 100200 ru er ree er year aebeen emaed. Fr exame, n Inda a gd annua yed cndered be 150 arge ru er ree (Mrn 1987).Acua yed maure ree are 70100 kg (150220 b) ru/ree/yr deendng n arey, cuura racce, andenrnmena acr (Seadm 1992).

On-arm processing methods

Te ru can be rceed n eera way uc a dryng,candyng, and ckng. Tee are reaey me me d reere e ru a can be dne n arm.

Markets

Jackru eay and cumberme ranr and udbe areed wen maure ny 35 day rm renng, be ae a marke ce by eng re ru. Frmre reme area, were e ca marke ma, r ceng e ru n a mre abe rduc uc a dredr rceed ru may be neceary.

InTerPLAnTInG/fArM

APPLICATIOnS

Jackru a been aned a an nercr n ccnugre, n duran, mang, and cru rcard, and r d ered ade n cee anan. In yung jackru r card, were ere ame ace beween ree, annuacr can be grwn. One r w ree grwng n mxedmegarden geer w numeru er ree cr a ery cmmn.

Example system

(aer ec and Wknn 1999a)

Location

Huaa, Hawa.

Description

T rjec uded aey crng r muc rducnn a jackru rcard. In aey crng, a grwng n rgen xng ree (NF) are grwn n cnur edge rw aernaed w cr rde an abundan urce

nuren rc rganc maer a aed e amuc. By cycng nuren n e agrcuura yem, aeycrng n an rcard eng d rme r greayreducng, and by emnang, e need r manuac ured r mred erzer nu, reacng em w ann e rganc urce ery. Reearc cued rmar y n e aby e aey crng ecnque rdeufcen nuren ree cr, a we a e ecnmceaby e racce r rcard. Te w NF e ce wereAcacia angustissima and Calliandra calothyrsus.

Crop/tree interactions

Te edgerw were runed r muc ur me durnge rjec. Hedgerw runng re weg and nurencncenran r e w NF ece were meaureda eac cung aceran erzer reacemen aue.Daa w a e edgerw rduced abu 136 kg (300b) muc er ru ree er year. Nuren rm muc urce rded e nuren equaen er 561kg cemca erzer er ecare er year (500 b/ac/yr),enay reacng 180 kg (400 b) urea, 11 kg (25 b) rebe

Once topped, trees require continual pruning or the newgrowth o stems oten breaks under the weight o the ruit.photo: C. ElEvitCh


15/17


uerae, and 55 kg (120 b) murae a. Sanay wed gncan ncreae n a nrgen and

aum a a reu e racce. S H a mred,becmng e acdc. Te muc a reduced e need r

weed cnr arund e cr ree and cnered mure. Te ea and gr e muced cr ree

by uraed a e cnr ree wu muc,and anay e daa w a rend aer grw andarger em dameer n e muced ree er unmuced.

Te c racce are rugy equaen ungurcaed muc maera. T racce may be arcu ary bene ca r Pacc and armer, wae beer acce abr an ca.

Spacing/density o speciesTe jackru ree were aned n cnur rw 812 aarw 4 m (13 ) acng beween ree n rw. Te cnuredgerw were aned mdway beween jackru rw.

PUBLIC ASSISTAnCe AnD

AGrOfOreSTrY eXTenSIOn

xenn fce r agrrery and rery n e Pa cc: ://www.radnaree.rg/exenn.m

GeneTIC reSOUrCeS

Germam cecn are caed n e Uned Sae(U.S. Dearmen Agrcuure, Subrca Hrcuur a Reearc Un, Mam, Frda), Indnea (enre rReearc & Deemen n Bgy, Bgr), e P ne (Inue Pan Breedng, L Ba), and Ta and (Pew Hrcuura Reearc enre).

BIBLIOGrAPHY

( indicates recommended reading)

Abdea, O.S. 1990. Hme garden n Jaa and er uuredeemen. . 6979. In: Landauer, ., and M. Braz(ed.). rca Hme Garden. Uned Nan Uner y Pre, ky.

Aced Jr., A.L. 1992. Jackru Bgy, Prducn, Ue,and Pne Reearc. Mngra Number 1. Frery/Fuewd Reearc and Deemen (F/FRD) Prjec,Arngn, Vrgna.

Annymu. 1998. mr Iand. Wrdmark ncyce da Nan. Arca. Gae, Der. ambe, R.J., and N. Ledema. 2003. Te xc

Jackru: Grwng e Wrd Large Fru. Farcdrca Garden, ra Gabe, Frda.

arke, W.., and R.R. Taman. 1993. Agrrery n ePacc Iand: Syem r Suanaby. Uned NanUnery Pre, ky.

rne, R.. 1986. Prmng Fru e Pne.Unery e Pne a L Ba, ege Agrcuure, Laguna. rane, J.H., .F. Baerd, and R.J. ambe. 2002. Te

Jackru (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) n Frda. FacSee HS 882. Hrcuura Scence Dearmen, Fr da erae xenn Serce, Inue Fd andAgrcuura Scence, Unery Frda, Ganee..

ec, .R., .M. Wknn, and B. Maew. 1998.Muc rm edgerw nrgen xng ree aec nuren ee n a jackru rcard. Fre Farm and

mmuny ree Reearc Rer 3: 2125.ec, .R., and .M. Wknn. 1999. Orcard Aey

rng n e Subumd rc. Permanen Agrcu ure Reurce, Huaa, Hawa. .

ec, .R., and .M. Wknn. 1999. A Gude Or card Aey rng r Fery, Muc and S n eran. Permanen Agrcuure Reurce, Huaa,Hawa. .

ec, .R., and .M. Wknn (ed.). 2000.Agrrery Gude r Pacc Iand. Permanen Agr cuure Reurce, Huaa, Hawa.

Faanruw, M.V.. 1990. Te d rducn yem eYa Iand. . 94104. In: Landauer, ., and M. Braz(ed.). rca Hme Garden, Uned Nan Uner y Pre, ky.

Fberg, F. R., M. Sace, and R. Oer. 1979. A Gegra ca eck e Mcrnean Dcyednae. Mcr nea Vume 15: 1295.

Fd and Agrcuure Organzan e Uned Nan(FAO). 1985. Fru Bearng Fre ree. FAO, Rme.

Hedgerows o ast-growing nitrogen-xing trees grown be-tween rows o jackruit. photo: C. ElEvitCh
http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/extension.htmlhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_MG370http://wsare.usu.edu/pubs/98_99ar/pdf/sarefinal/aw95-103.pdfhttp://wsare.usu.edu/pubs/98_99ar/pdf/sarefinal/aw95-103.pdfhttp://agroforestry.net/pubs/oachbk.pdfhttp://www.traditionaltree.org/http://agroforestry.net/pubs/oachbk.pdfhttp://wsare.usu.edu/pubs/98_99ar/pdf/sarefinal/aw95-103.pdfhttp://wsare.usu.edu/pubs/98_99ar/pdf/sarefinal/aw95-103.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_MG370http://www.traditionaltree.org/extension.html


16/17


Gunaena, H.P.M. 1993. Dcumenary Surey n Arto carpus heterophyllus (Jackru) n Sr Lanka. MngraNumber 2. Frery/Fuewd Reearc and Dee men (F/FRD) Prjec, Wnrck Inernana, Arng n, Vrgna.

Han, M.., and .. Na. 2002.Artocarpus heterophyl lus Lam. In: Vzz, J.A. (ed.). rca ree Seed Manua.

Agrcuure Handbk 721. U.S. Dearmen Agrcu ure Fre Serce, Wangn, D.Mrn, J. 1987. Fru Warm mae. Jua F. Mr

n, Mam, Frda. .

Nea, M. 1965. In Garden Hawa. B Mueum, H nuu.

Rame, B.R. N Dae. Vegean ye n e WeernGa. . Sam, A.S., A.J. Smn, . Orwa, J. ege, B. Owu

r, and A. Muua. 2002. Agrreree daabae. Wrd

Agrrery enre, Narb, enya. .Sm, S.. 1981. Fra Ven Na: A New Fra

Fj, V. 2. Nana rca Banca Garden, Lwa,Hawa.

Seadm, . 1992.Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. In: Verej,.W.M., and R.. rne (ed.). Pan Reurce Su a Aa 2. dbe Fru and Nu. PROSA,

Bgr, Indnea.Taman, R.R., and I. A. 1993. Agrrery n mad er ugar cane arm n Fj. In: arke, W.., and R.R.

Taman (ed.). Agrrery n e Pacc Iand: Sy em r Suanaby. Uned Nan Unery Pre,

ky. Wer, W.A. 2000. Pan n Saman uure: Te

nbany Sama. Ie Banca, Hnuu.Wknn, .M., and .R. ec. 2003. Pragan r

c r rducn cnaner Artocarpus heterophyllusLam. an; Permanen Agrcuure Reurce, Huaa,Hawa. In: Nae Pan Newrk. Fre Reearc Nur ery, ege Naura Reurce, Unery Ida,Mcw, Ida. .
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/new%EF%BF%BDop/morton/jackfruit_ars.htmlhttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/new%EF%BF%BDop/morton/jackfruit_ars.htmlhttp://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/nbsap/themes/terrestri%EF%BF%BD/vegetationtypes.htmlhttp://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/nbsap/themes/terrestri%EF%BF%BD/vegetationtypes.htmlhttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.nativeplantnetwork.org/http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/AFT/AFT.16Acrocarpusheterophyllushttp://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/nbsap/themes/terrestri%EF%BF%BD/vegetationtypes.htmlhttp://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/nbsap/themes/terrestri%EF%BF%BD/vegetationtypes.htmlhttp://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/nbsap/themes/terrestri%EF%BF%BD/vegetationtypes.htmlhttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/new%EF%BF%BDop/morton/jackfruit_ars.htmlhttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/new%EF%BF%BDop/morton/jackfruit_ars.htmlhttp://www.hort.purdue.edu/new%EF%BF%BDop/morton/jackfruit_ars.html


17/17

Species Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www traditionaltree org) 1

Traditional Tree InitiativeSpecies Profles or Pacifc Island Agroorestry (www.traditionaltree.org)

Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackruit)Authors: rag R. ec1 and Harey I. Manner2

1. Permanen Agrcuure Reurce, PO Bx 428, Huaa, HI 96725 USA; e: 808 324 4427; Fax: 808 324 4129; ma: [email protected]; Web: ://www.agrrery.ne

2. Unery Guam, ege Ar and Scence, UOG San, Manga, GU 96923 USA; e: 671 735 2874; Fax: 671 734 5255; ma: [email protected]

Acknowledgments: Te aur and uber ank Dae an, Dad Frenz, en Le, and Dane Ragne r er nu. Pcnrbued by en Le are greay arecaed.

Recommended citation: ec, .R., and H.I. Manner. 2006.Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackru), er. 1.1. In: ec, .R. (ed.).Sece Pre r Pacc Iand Agrrery. Permanen Agrcuure Reurce (PAR), Huaa, Hawa. .

Sponsors: Pubcan wa made be by generu ur e Uned Sae Dearmen Agrcuure Weern Regn Su anabe Agrcuure Reearc and ducan (USDA WSAR) Prgram; SP/GZ Pacc German Regna Frery Prjec;USDA Naura Reurce neran Serce (USDA NRS); Sae Hawa Dearmen Land & Naura Reurce D n Frery & Wde; and e USDA Fre Serce Fre Land nancemen Prgram. T maera baed un wrkured by e erae Sae Reearc, ducan, and xenn Serce, U.S. Dearmen Agrcuure, and Agrcuuraxermen San, Ua Sae Unery, under erae Agreemen 2002 47001 01327.

Series editor: rag R. ecPublisher: Permanen Agrcuure Reurce (PAR), P.O. Bx 428, Huaa, Hawa 96725, USA; e: 808 324 4427; Fax: 808 324

4129; ma: [email protected]; Web: ://www.agrrery.ne.T nun an equa runy rder.Reproduction: e ubcan can be dwnaded rm ://www.radnaree.rg. T ubcan may be rer

duced r nncmmerca educana ure ny, w cred gen e urce. 2006 Permanen Agrcuure Reurce. Arg reered.
http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.agroforestry.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.agroforestry.net/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.traditionaltree.org/http://www.agroforestry.net/mailto:[email protected]://www.traditionaltree.org/mailto:[email protected]://www.agroforestry.net/http://www.traditionaltree.org/

a.heterophyllus jackfruit

Documents