agricultural botany agr 3101. the course focuses on: 1.morphology (external plant structure)...
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The course focuses on:
1.Morphology (external plant structure)
2.Anatomy (internal plant structure)
3.Taxonomy (plant nomenclature, identification and classification)
GROWTH HABITS OF PLANTS
Herb (Herba)
Shrub (Renek) Tree (Berpokok) Climber (Memanjat) Epiphyte (Epifit) Parasite (Parasit)
Saprophyte (Saprofit) Xerophyte
(Zerofit) Mesophyte
(Mesofit) Hydrophyte
(Hidrofit)
HerbA non-woody plant; annual, biennial or perennial; with short-lived above ground organs.
e.g. onion, padi, corn, banana
ShrubA low lying woody perennial, having branches arising from the lower part of the stem.
e.g. chilli, roses, hibiscus
TreeA woody perennial,tall, with a single trunk and produces branches at the upper region. e.g. durian, rambutan, tamarind
ClimberA plant with a long slender stem, produces branches and have specialised organ to cling to a support. e.g. bittergourd, pepper, pumpkin
EpiphyteA plant that grows on another plant but does not absorb food/nutrients from it (non-parasitic). e.g. Vanda orchid
ParasiteA plant that grows on another plant and absorbs food/nutrients from it, to the extent of causing damage and death to the plant
e.g. Loranthus spp.
SaprophyteA plant that lives on decayed material or organic matter rich in nutrients such as in the axils of leaf sheaths of oil palm.
e.g. ferns
XerophyteA plant that lives in a dry habitat or places that lack water.
e.g. cactus and some ferns
MesophyteA plant that lives in a habitat with optimum supply of water; mainly field and horticultural crops of moist tropical and temperate regions.
e.g. rubber, fruit species, forest species Hydrophyte
A plant that lives in water, either floating on the water surface or submerged, or thrives in muddy swamps, rivers and lakes. e.g. water lily, lotus
Annual
A plant that complete its life cycle in one year or less (undergoes vegetative growth, flowers, produces fruits and seeds, and finally dies)
e.g. paddy, wheat, barley
BiennialA plant that complete its life cycle in two years/seasons (undergoes vegetative growth in the first year/season and reproductive growth in the second year/season, and finally dies)
e.g. carrot, radish
PerennialA plant that lives for many years (more than two years), some may reach up to a hundred year. The stem is either woody or herbaceous.
Herbaceous perennial (Saka herba) e.g. banana, ginger, languas
Woody perennial (Saka berkayu) e.g. mangosteen, durian, dokong
MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS
Study on the external structures of higher plants :
Root Stem (Vegetative) Leaf
FlowerFruit (Reproductive)
Seed
ROOT SYSTEMS
1. Tap root system - Dicotyledons
2. Fibrous root system - Monocotyledons
3. Adventitious root system