plant structure, macro
DESCRIPTION
Plant Structure, Macro. Figure 35.2. Reproductive shoot (flower). Apical bud. Node. Internode. Apical bud. Shoot system. Axillary bud. Vegetative shoot. Blade. Leaf. Petiole. Stem. Taproot. Root system. Lateral (branch) roots. ROOTS. Rhizomes. STEMS. Rhizome. Root. Bulbs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Plant Structure, Macro
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Figure 35.2Reproductive shoot (flower)
Apical bud
Node
Internode
Apical bud
Vegetative shoot
Leaf BladePetiole
Stem
Taproot
Lateral (branch)roots
Shoot system
Root system
Axillary bud
![Page 3: Plant Structure, Macro](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816417550346895dd5cd5f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ROOTS
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STEMS
Rhizomes
Rhizome
Bulbs
Storage leaves
StemStolons
Tubers
Root
Stolon
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Leaf ArrangementSimple leaf
Axillarybud Petiole
Compound leafLeaflet
Axillarybud Petiole
Doublycompound leaf
Axillarybud
Petiole
Leaflet
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Leaf Venation
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LEAF SHAPEThis is a sampling of the possibilities.
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Leaf Margins
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Figure 38.UN02
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StamenAnther
Filament
Petal
Receptacle
StigmaStyle
Ovary
Carpel
Sepal
An idealized flower
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Kinds of flowers
• Perfect flowers• Imperfect flowers• Monoecious flowers• Dioecious Flowers• Anything is possible……! Plasticity.
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Flowers look like…..?
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Flower Arrangement
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Solitary Flowers
• Some species of plants produce solitary flowers.
• Solitary flowers are borne singly and separate from one another.
Saucer Magnolia solitary flowers
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Solitary Flowers
• Another example of a plant that bears solitary flowers is Blood red Geranium.
Many solitary flowers on Blood red Geranium (Geranium sanguineum)
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What is an inflorescence?
• In other species of plants many, small flowers are borne together in dense clusters called inflorescences.
• There are many types of inflorescences. Each type of inflorescence is determined by how the flowers are arranged.
• Inflorescences are a useful plant ID tool.
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Common Inflorescences
• Spike• Raceme• Panicle• Umbel• Corymb• Cyme• Composite Head
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Spike
• Individual flowers are sessile (without pedicels).
• Lower flowers open first.
• Indeterminate.
spike
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Spike
• Gladiolus ‘Lavadandy’ flower spike (image courtesy of Columbia View Gladiolus)
Gladiolus
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Raceme
• Individual flowers have pedicels.
• Pedicels can vary in length from species to species.
• Lower flowers open first.
• Indeterminate.raceme
pedicel
peduncle
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Raceme
• Itea virginica, Virginia Sweetspire produces dense, pubescent racemes.
• The flowers have short pedicels and the inflorescence resembles a spike.
Virginia Sweetspire
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Raceme
• Dicentra spectabilis, Bleeding Heart, produces a one-sided raceme of pink, heart-shaped flowers.
Bleeding Heart
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Panicle
• A highly branched inflorescence consisting of many, repeating units.
• Panicles can be made of many spikes, racemes, corymbs, or umbels.
• Indeterminate.
A panicle of racemes
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Panicle
• Syringa vulgaris, Common Lilac, produces panicles.
Common Lilac
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Panicle
• Aesculus glabra, Ohio Buckeye, produces 4-7” long panicles.
• This tree is located near the Kirkwood library.
Ohio Buckeye
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Umbel
• Individual flower pedicels all originate from the same spot on the peduncle.
• Outer flowers open first.
• Indeterminate.peduncle
pedicel
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Umbel
• Allium ‘Jade Eyes’, image courtesy of Breck’s.
• Often, umbels are globe-shaped like this one.
Allium
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Corymb
• Somewhat similar to the umbel.
• Individual flower pedicels are attached to the peduncle at different points.
• Often flat-topped.• Outer flowers open first.• Indeterminate.
corymb
pedicel peduncle
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Corymb
• Pyrus calleryana, Callery Pear, is a beautiful, spring-flowering tree covered with corymbs of white flowers.
Callery Pear
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Cyme
• In real life, cymes tend to be flat or convex shaped.
• The inner flowers open first.
• Determinate.
cyme
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Cyme
• Cymes are often compound as shown in the illustration to the right.
compound cyme
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Cyme
• Viburnum x juddi, Judd Viburnum, produces cymes of light pink flowers in late April. The flowers have a pleasing, spicy fragrance
Judd Viburnum
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Cyme
• Viburnum dentatum, Arrowwood Viburnum, produces cymes of white flowers that are not fragrant.
Arrowwood Viburnum
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Corymbs vs. Cymes
• Often these two types of inflorescences can look a lot alike.
• Remember that corymbs are indeterminate, they continue to elongate as the season progresses. Cymes are determinate and do not continue to elongate as the growing season progresses. Also, the inner flowers of cymes open first.
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Composite Head
• A highly advanced inflorescence.
• Consists of separate ray and disk flowers
• Bracts may be green, but can also be colored(Strawflower).
ray flower
disk flower
bract
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Composite Head
• Helianthus annus, Sunflower, produces a large composite head.
• After pollination and fertilization, each disk flower becomes a single-seeded fruit.
Sunflower
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Composite Head
• Echinaceae purpurea, Purple Coneflower (image courtesy of Wildflower Farm).
• Composite head with purple ray flowers and brown disk flowers.
Purple Coneflower
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Floral Diagram
Pi : pistil : 雌蕊St : stamen : 雄蕊Pe : petal : 花瓣O : ovary :子房Se : sepal : 萼片
Bra : bract : 苞叶R : floral receptacle : 花托A : axisUp : petal connate to petal :Sp : sepal adnate to stamen :
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What do you eat?
Stamen Ovary
StigmaOvule
Pea flower
Seed
Pea fruit(a) Simple fruit (b) Aggregate fruit (c) Multiple fruit (d) Accessory fruit
Carpels Stamen
Raspberry flower
Carpel(fruitlet) Stigma
Ovary
Stamen
Raspberry fruit
Flower
Pineappleinflorescence
Each segmentdevelopsfrom thecarpelof oneflower
Pineapple fruit
StigmaPetal
Style
StamenSepalOvule
Ovary (inreceptacle)
Apple flower
Remains ofstamens and styles
Sepals
SeedReceptacle
Apple fruit