agglutination tests lattice formation. agglutination/hemagglutination definition - tests that have...
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Agglutination Tests
Lattice Formation
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Agglutination/Hemagglutination
• Definition - tests that have as their endpoint the agglutination of a particulate antigen– Agglutinin/hemagglutinin
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• Qualitative agglutination test– Ag or Ab
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Agglutination/Hemagglutination• Quantitative agglutination test
– Titer– Prozone
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16
1/32
1/64
1/12
8
1/25
6
1/51
2
1/10
24
Pos
.
Neg
.
Titer
64
8
512
<2
32
128
32
4
Patient
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Agglutination/Hemagglutination
• Definition
• Qualitative test
• Quantitative test• Applications
– Blood typing– Bacterial infections
–Fourfold rise in titer
• Practical considerations– Easy– Semi-quantitative
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16
1/32
1/64
1/12
8
1/25
6
1/51
2
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Passive Agglutination/Hemagglutination
• Definition - agglutination test done with a soluble antigen coated onto a particle
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• Applications– Measurement of antibodies to soluble antigens
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Coombs (Antiglobulin)Tests
• Incomplete Ab• Direct Coombs Test
– Detects antibodies on erythrocytes
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Patient’s RBCs Coombs Reagent(Antiglobulin)
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Coombs (Antiglobulin)Tests
• Indirect Coombs Test– Detects anti-erythrocyte antibodies in serum
Patient’s Serum
TargetRBCs
+ Step 1
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Coombs Reagent(Antiglobulin)
Step 2
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Coombs (Antiglobulin)Tests
• Applications– Detection of anti-Rh Ab– Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Agglutination/Hemagglutination Inhibition
• Definition - test based on the inhibition of agglutination due to competition with a soluble Ag
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Prior to Test
+ +
Test
Patient’s sample
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Agglutination/Hemagglutination Inhibition
• Applications– Measurement of soluble Ag
• Practical considerations– Same as agglutination test
• Definition