Slide 1

Agenda Slide 2 Review How did Andean societies adapt to their environments? What were the roles of the ayllu and mita? What are some elements of the Moche, Tiwanaku, and Wari cultures? How did the Inca create an empire? How the Inca adapt to their environment? How did the Inca empire weaken? Slide 3 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 4 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 5 Objectives Describe Mongol society. Evaluate Mongol conquest. Describe how the Mongols won territory through superior battle tactics. Describe the role of trade routes in the spread of disease. Slide 6 Essential Questions What was the setup of Mongol society? How did Mongol conquests proceed? How did the Mongols win territory through superior battle tactics? What was the role of trade routes in the spread of disease? Slide 7 Map 13-1, p. 341 Slide 8 Target: The Rise of the Mongols (1200-1260) Nomadism in Central and Inner Asia Pastoralists Councils ratified decisions of the khan Slaves Weak groups paid tribute for land and protection. Powerful groups lived off tribute, engaged in warfare. Slide 9 Arranged marriages. Women power in negotiation and management Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Shamanism. Slide 10 Mongol Conquests (1215-1283) Genghis Khan (1206) Tanggut, Jin, Khwarezm Ogodei Khan (1227) Tanggut, Jin, northern China, threatened Southern Song Batu Kievan Russia, Moscow, Poland, Hungary. Guyuk Baghdad (1258) Khubilai (1265) family challenged. Yuan Empire (1271) Slide 11 Jagadais descendants dominated Central Asia = independent Mongol center, spread of Islam Invaded Annam (1279) and Champa (1283) Failed to successfully invade Java and Japan. Extraordinary horse riders, superior bows Flaming arrows and catapults Resistance = annihilation Slide 12 Overland Trade and Disease Commercial integration Merchants met ambassadors, scholars, and missionaries on routes to the Mongol courts. Marco Polo (1254-1324) Slide 13 Bubonic plague Mid-13 th century supply trains servicing Yunnan helped spread of rats. Typhus, influenza, and smallpox. Combination of diseases - great pandemic of 1347-1352. Slide 14 Essential Questions What was the setup of Mongol society? How did Mongol conquests proceed? How did the Mongols win territory through superior battle tactics? What was the role of trade routes in the spread of disease? Slide 15 Agenda Slide 16 Review What was the setup of Mongol society? How did Mongol conquests proceed? How did the Mongols win territory through superior battle tactics? What was the role of trade routes in the spread of disease? Slide 17 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 18 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 19 Objectives Describe how Islam became a matter of rivalry in Il-khan and Golden Horde states. Describe achievements in Islamic culture and science. Slide 20 Essential Questions How did Islam became a matter of rivalry in Il- khan and Golden Horde states? What were some achievements in Islamic culture and science? Slide 21 Target: The Mongols and Islam (1260- 1500) Mongol rivalry Il-khan state Golden Horde in Russia Islamic doctrine clashed with Mongol ways Slide 22 Batus Golden Horde successor declared himself a Muslim Ghazan, new Il-khan ruler, declared himself a Muslim in 1295. Slide 23 Islam and the State Il-khan Tax farming landowners faced debt and servitude. Agricultural productivity declined, government took land. Paper money resulted in depression (1349 and on) Fighting among factions destabilized government Slide 24 Timur (Tamerlane, d. 1405) commanded forces of Khanate of Jagadai. Delhi (1298), Ottoman Empire in Anatolia (1402). Descendants could not hold empire together. Slide 25 Culture and Science in Islamic Eurasia Il-khans and Timurids blend of Iranian and Chinese cultures in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Dominant cultural tendencies were Muslim. Science and astronomy Math and cosmology Prediction of eclipses. Decimal notation, pi. Slide 26 Essential Questions How did Islam became a matter of rivalry in Il- khan and Golden Horde states? What were some achievements in Islamic culture and science? Slide 27 Agenda Slide 28 Review How did Islam became a matter of rivalry in Il- khan and Golden Horde states? What were some achievements in Islamic culture and science? Slide 29 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 30 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 31 Objectives Assess Mongol influence on Russia. Describe why Lithuania and Serbia became independent states. Slide 32 Essential Questions How did the Mongols influence Russia? Why were Lithuania and Serbia able to rise as independent states? Slide 33 Target: Regional Responses in Western Eurasia Russia and Rule from Afar Golden Horde gradually lost unity. Rise of Russian language. Mongols controlled gold and silver. Rise of Novgorod and Moscow. Destructiveness of tax collecting. Isolated Russia from the West. Ivan III (prince of Moscow) autocratic ruler (late 1400s), took title tsar. Slide 34 New States in Eastern Europe and Anatolia. Europeans learned of passports, coal mining, movable type, high-temperature metallurgy, higher mathematics, gunpowder. Lithuania escaped Mongol control. Independent kingdoms in the Balkans. Rise of Ottoman Empire. Slide 35 Essential Questions How did the Mongols influence Russia? Why were Lithuania and Serbia able to rise as independent states? Slide 36 Agenda Slide 37 Review How did the Mongols influence Russia? Why were Lithuania and Serbia able to rise as independent states? Slide 38 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 39 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 40 Objectives Describe how the Mongols fostered a synthesis of Chinese and Mongol traditions. Describe the Yuan social structure. Assess the differences in city and countryside development in the Yuan empire. Identify causes for the fall of the Yuan. Slide 41 Essential Questions How did the Mongols foster a synthesis of Chinese and Mongol traditions? What was the setup of the Yuan social structure? What were the differences in city and countryside development in the Yuan empire? What were the causes for the fall of the Yuan? Slide 42 Target: Mongol Domination in China (1271-1368) The Yuan Empire (1271-1368) Blended Mongol and Chinese traditions. Beijing Mongols, Central Asians and Middle Easterners, northern Chinese, southern Chinese. Confucians lost status in government. Slide 43 Administration Persian, Arab, and Uighurs worked in taxation and finance. Muslim scholars calendar-making and astronomy. Organized China into provinces. Slide 44 Many cities prospered. Merchants privileged group, many were Chinese. Poor agricultural base. Slide 45 Countryside Cottage industries. Brutal tax collection, servitude, homelessness. Warfare, infanticide, bubonic plague, refugee flight, Yellow River flooding. Fall farmer rebellions, Zhu Yuanzhang established Ming empire. Many Mongols stayed in China. Still a threat in the north. Slide 46 Essential Questions How did the Mongols foster a synthesis of Chinese and Mongol traditions? What was the setup of the Yuan social structure? What were the differences in city and countryside development in the Yuan empire? What were the causes for the fall of the Yuan? Slide 47 Agenda Slide 48 Review How did the Mongols foster a synthesis of Chinese and Mongol traditions? What was the setup of the Yuan social structure? What were the differences in city and countryside development in the Yuan empire? What were the causes for the fall of the Yuan? Slide 49 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 50 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 51 Objectives Slide 52 Essential Questions Slide 53 Target: The Early Ming Empire (1368- 1500) Ming China on a Mongol Foundation Zhu Yuanzhang Took name Hongwu (r. 1368-1398). Moved capital to Nanjing. Cut ties with Central Asia and Middle East, limited imports and foreign visitors. Silver. Retained provincial structure. Slide 54 Emperor Yongle (r. 1403-1424) Returned capital to Beijing. Restored ties with Middle East. Admiral Zheng He (1405-1433) Cement allegiance to Ming and collect taxes. Trade did not significantly increase. Slide 55 Technology and population Limited mining. Death of Yongle shipbuilding skills deteriorated, few advances in printing, timekeeping, and agriculture. Reactivation of exams = less commerce. Population growth. Scattershot mortars, explosive canisters, cannons. Closed ports. Slide 56 Achievements Literature, arts, painting. Earliest novels. Porcelain. Slide 57 Essential Questions Slide 58 Agenda Slide 59 Review Slide 60 Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. 1450 C.E.) Slide 61 ESSENTIAL LEARNING: MONGOL EURASIA AND ITS AFTERMATH(1200- 1500) Slide 62 Objectives Slide 63 Essential Questions Slide 64 Target: Centralization and Militarism in East Asia (1200-1500) Korea from the Mongols to the Yi (1231-1500) Mongols wanted coastal areas. 1258 Koryo king surrendered. Learned Yuan customs. Ended centuries of isolation. Cotton, gunpowder, calendar-making. New landed and educated class. Slide 65 1392 Yi kingdom, capital in Seoul. Mongol-style land surveys, taxation, military garrison techniques. Breakthrough in printing technology. Expanded cultivation of cash crops (cotton). Gained gunpowder knowledge. Slide 66 Political Transformation in Japan (1274-1500) Failed 1274 Mongol invasion. Kamakura Shogunate shogun distributed land to followers who paid tribute and gave him samurai. Shogun centralized military government, influence of warlords increased. Mongols failed again in 1281. Wall, Japanese swords, typhoon Increased power of warrior elite, national infrastructure for trade and communication. Slide 67 1333-1338 civil war. Ashikaga Shogunate took control at Kyoto. Growing wealth + relative peace = artistic creativity. Onin War (1477) Fall of Yuan (1368) = resumed overseas trade. Slide 68 The Emergence of Vietnam (1200-1500) Before Mongol attack in 1257, Annam and Champa had clashed frequently. Annam influenced by China, Champa influenced by the Indian Ocean. Annam and Champa paid tribute to Mongols until fall of the Yuan (1368). Little cultural impact. Resumed warfare. Ming occupied Annam for 30 years. Slide 69 By 1500, Annam defeated Champa and established Vietnam. Confucian bureaucratic government and examination system. Legal code preserved village autonomy. Preserved womens property rights. Slide 70 Essential Questions