Agenda

• Complete Discussion on Korean War• McCarthyism Simulation• Notes: Red Scare--McCarthyism• Video Clips• Notes—Eisenhower Foreign Policy• Video Clip: Duck and Cover• Assign HW• Read Dr. Seuss

– Exit Slip

Cold War and America

History Repeats: A Return to 1919

The Second Red Scare• Mass fear Communists

secretly infiltrating the govt.– Loyalty Review

Program

• Everyone’s a Suspect

• McCarran Act– Truman’s veto

overriden

“The Commies Are Taking Over”

McCarthyism• Feeling U.S. losing Cold War

with Soviet Union– Why?

• McCarthyism– Who: Sen. Joseph McCarthy– When: 1950-1954– What: Mass witch-hunt of

govt. officials “suspected” as communists

– Most accused on false info and for political aspirations

– Significance:

McCarthyism Born: Feb. 9, 1950

• "I have here in my hand a list of 205—a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.” –Joseph McCarthy

• Immediate Fame

House Un-American Activities (HUAC)• HUAC

• Investigative Committee in House of Reps. formed to uncover communist activities in the U.S.

• No One Trusted…• Oppenheimer• Hollywood & Reagan• Hiss and Nixon• Rosenbergs• Schools/Universities,

Unions, Democrats, Churches

HUAC

“Those of us who shout the loudest about Americanism in making character assassinations are all too frequently those who, by our own words and acts, ignore some of the basic principles of Americanism."-Senator Margaret Chase Smith, 1950

McCarthy’s Downfall• Why might some have

become critical of McCarthy?

• McCarthy goes too far…– Eisenhower– Churches– Army-McCarthy Hearings

• Televised Hearings• Bullying Witnesses• Attn. Joseph Welch• Senate finally condemns

“Until this moment, Senator, I think I never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?”—Joseph Welch

Film and the Cold War

• “We Choose Freedom”– http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=mVh75ylAUXY

• Army-McCarthy Hearings– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAur_I077NA

1952 Election

• What was the major voting issue?

• Who does the nation turn to for leadership?

Eisenhower Foreign Policy• Who was John Foster Dulles? What was “New

Look” Foreign policy?• Massive Retaliation

– Mass nuclear build-up…Cheaper than an army• Goal? How might this deter Soviet aggression against the

US?– Increase # bombs from 1000 to 18000– NUCLEAR ARMS RACE– Leads to M.A.D….what’s this stand for?

• Brinkmanship– Threaten the use of nuclear weapons in order to get

the opponent to back down– Taiwan Crisis– Develop B-52 Long Range Bomber, ICBM’s

Eisenhower Foreign Policy

• Eisenhower Doctrine– Use force when necessary to help Mid-East nations resist

communism (extends containment to the Middle East)

• Forms NASA in response to Sputnik• Duck and Cover

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNcQX033V_M– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1MQ4eyg6U4

• Compare and Contrast Truman and Eisenhower’s policies regarding the containment of communism.– Which do you believe was a more effective approach?

1961: Eisenhower’s Farewell Address“A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction...

This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence — economic, political, even spiritual — is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals so that security and liberty may prosper together.”—President Eisenhower; January 17, 1961

Military Industrial Complex

• Upon leaving office in 1961, Eisenhower warned Americans to “beware of the military industrial complex” that had been established– What did Eisenhower mean by this?– Beware of the relationship that had developed

between the military establishment and defense industry.

– A MAJOR ISSUE TODAY

Jigsaw Activity:Major Conflicts under Eisenhower

• Group 1: End of the Korean War (1953)• Group 2: Taiwan Crisis• Group 3: U.S. Increases Involvement in Vietnam• Group 4: Suez Crisis (Egypt)• Group 5: Iran—Overthrow of Mossadeg (CIA)• Group 6: Guatemala—Overthrow of Jacabo Arbenz (CIA)• Group 7: Eisenhower Doctrine—Mid-East • Group 8: U-2 Spy Plane Shot Down• Directions: For your assigned topic, your group must provide the

following– Who, What, When, Where, Why, Significance– Explain how it fits into the context of the Cold War, as well as how it fits into

Eisenhower’s foreign policy– How did the event influence relations between the US and Soviet Union as

well as the US and the country involved.– Provide a map/visuals to support– Be ready to present next class period.