agaru processing
TRANSCRIPT
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PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
ON PARTICULAR INDONESIAN
NON TIMBER FOREST
PRODUCTS AGARWOOD FOR
ENHANCING THEIR ADDED
VALUES
Ina Winarni
&
Totok K. Waluyo
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INTRODUCTION
ex. Agarwood.
Should be utilized
optimally
High value
Directly
managed by the
communities
Prime class natural agarwood is
highly priced
In 2000 (class A)
5-15 million (IDR)
Gaharu sapwood
(0,6-5%) 15-40 million
(IDR)/kg
Kamedangan quality
(95-99%) 30,000-
250,000 (IDR)/kg
NTFP
Each gaharu tree only produce
0,72% agarwood from total
weight
The exist of gaharu trees
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INTRODUCTIONGoal
Technologys community stilltraditional
Improvement or applied
technologies which are effective,
efficient, cheap, simple, and
applicable
GOAL
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Raw material
(2000 grs)
Berau, East
Kalimantan
MATERIAL AND METHODSDistillation of Agarwood Kamedangan
Samples was
dried under the
sun and ground
to sall particles
Distillation with
indirect steam
method that
lasted for 48
hours
Oil (moisture
content, yield)
Waste
Shape as flour
with 40 mesh
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MATERIAL AND METHODSDistillation of Agarwood Kamedangan
Dried in the ovenat 70C
Waste
Ground to fine
particles with 60
mesh
500 gr samples
added with sago
binder
Put in the
molding tool for
shopping the
cone incense
Pressed at 3
varring pressures
(4, 7,10 kg/cm2)
Analzed using
completely
randomized
design with
3x3x3 factorial
pattern
Duration (3, 6, 9
minutes)
Temperatures
(40, 55, 70C)
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MATERIAL AND METHODSExtraction of Agarwood Kamedangan
Raw material
50gr
Extraction using 3 kinds oranic solvents,
i.e. methanol, methanol : toluene = 1 : 2
and methanol : toluene = 2 : 1
Examined of moisture content and chemical
compounds using GC-MS (retention time at 7 : 0,mass range 51-698, and other condition
The data resulting were descriptively processed
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Distillation
Moisture content at kamedangan gaharu ranged
about 15-17,5%
Amount of oil as obtained was 0,3 cc/kg (no variation)
Technique of kamedangan distillation = indirectsteaming method
No.Kamedangan
sample
Moisture
content (%)
Oil yield
(%)
1. A quality 15 0.03
2. B quality 17.5 0.03
3. C quality 15 0.03
Table 1. Moisture content and oil yield of kamedangan
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
No.Kamedangan
sample
Moisture
content (%)
Extract yield (%)
MethanolMethanol
toluena (1:2)
Methanol
toluena (2:1)
---- Gaharu extract yield (%) ----
1. A quality 14.47 21.35 22.65 22.81
2. B quality 12.55 20.72 21.50 20.16
3. C quality 13.77 22.30 23.56 22.86
4. D quality 10.58 17.45 17.62 17.70
Table 2. Moisture content and gaharu yield from extraction of kamedangan
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis on chemical components in kamedangan Carvacrol, elemol, caryophyllene, thuja -2,4 (10)
diene,menthatriene, and coumarine.
Analysis on physical and chemical
Ie. Refractive index 1.5068Specific gravity o.8405
Ester number 11.31
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Extraction Mixture of methanol toluene in 1 : 2
portion brought out highest yield of gaharu.
Considering theproduction cost using
methanol solvent much
better (high price of
toluene solvent)
Unfortunatelly organic
solvent cant used yet
as the agarwood
compound standard
Its can solve another
chemical compound like
alkanoids, flavanoids,
oleoresin
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cone-shape incense Flaming duration of cone-shape took about
17.87 21.53 minute.
The as content = 3.47 3.82%
Moisture content = 7.04 7.12%
Density variate about 0.19 0.27 grms/cm3
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Density (g/cm3)
Ash Content (%)
Moisture Content (%)
Flaming Duration (minutes)
0
5
10
15
20
25
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 69 3 6
93
69
36
93
69
36
9
40
55 70
40
50
70
40
55
70
4
7
10
17,87
17,87 21,53
Density (g/cm3)
Ash Content (%)
Moisture Content (%)
Flaming Duration (minutes)Pressing duration (minutes)
Pressing temperature (C)
Pressure (kg/cm3)
4055
70
40
55
70
40
55
70
4
7
10
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sources of variance df
Properties
Flaming
duration
Ash
content
Moisture
contentDensity
----------------- F-calculation ----------------
Pressure (A) 2 40.78** 2.08 3.48 118.95**
Pressing duration (B) 2 43.88** 0.50 6.05 3.41
Pressing temperature (C) 2 436.60** 0.62 46.10 26.41**
Interaction :
A x B 4 39.40 0.44 0.38 15.91
A x C 4 3.29 1.47 0.92 0.26
B x C 4 6.70** 0.16 4.43 1.03
A x B x C 8 5.56** 0.22 0.22 0.49
Table 5. Analysis of variance on physical and chemical properties of incense
Remarks: *significant effect (P=0.95); **=very significant effect (P=0.99); ns=no
significant effect
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Intensity of pressure, pressing duration and pressing
temperature growth out significant effects of the flaming
duration.
Ash content was not affected by all treatments.
The best combination treatment = compression intensity at
10 kg/cm3, compression duration 9 minutes, and
compression/pressing temperature 70 C
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