afternoon exercise
TRANSCRIPT
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Manuscript Writing Exercise
NOTE: None of these facts or data are real; all of this information was made for thepurpose of this exercise.
Introduction
Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b
diet composition and management.
&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** g bod
weight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,
3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higher
plasma nitrogen concentrations.
(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increasedserum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.
7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased
blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;
01*.*6, and increased mil production )-* 5s -- g+d% 01*.*#,
8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feed
efficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.
Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated
with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r*.29% 01*.*$,.
Hypothesis: In feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitron will increase feed
efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.
Materials and methods
lucon )!* mg+d, and nitron )6 mg+d, were used in a - x - factorial design
7ource of these products: 7igma 4hemical 4o. 7t.
>dministered in the feed.
>t the start of the experiment% 9* >ngus steers% approximatel !2 mo of age% bod weight
a5erage 2** g )range $9*?2-*,
@aned b weight and randomiAed% b replicate% into treatment groups
Bept in outdoor pens% 6 steers in each pen
3ed a feedlot diet of #6/ rolled barle grain% -*/ barle silage% and 6/ 5itamin and
mineral supplement )on a dr matter basis,.
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The feed was a total mixed ration% fed once dail into a fenceline feeder% with a target
le5el of 6/ feed not consumed b the time of the next feeding. Once weel% feed not
consumed was remo5ed% weighed% and discarded.3eed efficienc was calculated on a per pen basis )2* da inter5als,
7tud period was !-* d% then steers were sent to slaughter )commercial abbatoir,.
Twent?four hours after slaughter% the carcass was weighed% and bacfat and muscle area)longisimus dorsi% between the !-thand !$thribs was measured.
>t the start of the stud% and then e5er 2* d% steers were weighed% a blood sample
collected )Cacutainer; 8ecton Dicson% New or% N% =7>,% and ultrasound )$.6 M(Alinear?arra transducer% >loa% Too% &apan, was used to determine bacfat thicness
and muscle area )longisimus dorsi% at the Function of the !-thand !$thribs.
7erum concentrations of glucose and nitrogen were determined as described )&ones%
-**6,. One assa for each compound. 4oeffecient of 5ariation was 9.9/ for glucose and#.6/ for nitrogen.
4arcass grades:
7uperior carcass: carcass weight G-#6 g% muscle are G-6* mm
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% bacfat G $$ mm7tandard carcass: an carcass not exceeding the minimum in an categor.
7tatistical analsis
Mixed models >NOC>% with main effects of group% time% and their interaction% for bod
weight% feed efficienc% bacfat% muscle area% and serum concentrations of glucose andnitrogen.
ll statistical analses done with 7tatistical >nalsis 7stem software )7>7 Inc.% 4ar%N4% =7>,
01*.*6 was considered significant
@esults:
8od weight
In all groups% bod weight increased o5er time. The greatest increase was in glucon plusnitron% moderate increase in glucon or nitron% and least increase in the control.
3eed efficienc
In all groups% feed efficienc decreased o5er time. The greatest efficienc was in gluconplus nitron% moderate in glucon or nitron% and least in the control.
8acfat and serum glucoseIn all groups% bacfat increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all glucon?treated
cattle and least in those not treated with glucon.
Muscle area and serum nitrogen
In all groups% muscle area increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all nitron?
treated cattle and least in those not treated with nitron.
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The proportion of carcasses that were graded superior was *+-*a% 2+-*ab% !*+-*c% and
!"+-*dfor steers in the control% glucon% nitron% and glucon nitron groups% respecti5el.
Discussion
Our hypothesis was supported; in feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitronincreased feed efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.
lucose and bacfat% affected b glucon7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased
blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;
01*.*6, and increased mil production )-* 5s -- g+d% 01*.*#,
&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** g bodweight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,
Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated
with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r*.29% 01*.*$,.
Nitrogen and muscle% affected b nitron
3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higherplasma nitrogen concentrations.
(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increased
serum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.
8od weight and feed efficienc
lucon and nitron ha5e positi5e effects indi5iduall% but a snergistic effect together
8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feedefficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.
4arcassIncreased efficienc of growth% increased profitabilit
Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b
diet composition and management.
Odd and unusual
! of -* steers gi5en gluconnitron did not ha5e a superior carcass
4oncluding paragraph
lucon increased blood glucose% enhanced deposition of fat
Nitron increased blood nitrogen% promoted muscle growthIndi5iduall% impro5ed rate of gain and feed efficienc
reatest effect from combined treatment