Afghanistan Country Paper

For sustainable Rural Development course in Thailand

تعالی بسمIN THE NAME OF ALLAH

Afghanistan

Afghanistan: Some Basic facts

• Afghanistan has lies on the Central, West, and South Asia

• Total land area 647,500 sq km.• Surrounded by:- Islamic Republic of Pakistan, - Islamic Republic of Iran, - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

and China.

Afghanistan: Some Basic facts…

• Administration:1. Central government

2. 34 provincial governor

3. 364 districts governor

4. Over 38000 villages leaders and CDCs

Some Basic facts…

• Population:- 24. 1 million on year (2006 /07) - Rural population is 79% or 19 million- Percentage of male 51% and female 49%- Annual growth rate 2.03%• 5 million displaced.• 800,000 people permanently disabled• 1.5 million people martyred

Some Basic facts…

• Access to Health. • 17.5 doctors and 48.3 medical helpers

per 100,000 people and 2,206 people per hospital bed.

• Access to clean water…………25%;

• Sanitation facility…………..…17%

• Life expectancy; ………48 years

Poverty Situation• Afghanistan GDP: US$ 400 per capita.

• One out of10 children dies before the age of five;

• 20.4 percent of the rural population consuming less than needed calories per person per day.

Some Basic facts…

• Agriculture:• About 12 % of total land is arable;

• Forest coverage is about 3%;

• Permanent pastures 46%;

• Mountainous area Is 39%;

Some Basic facts…

• Agriculture production: • Wheat, rice, been, maize, melon …

• Vegetables: Onion and Potato, tomato,

• Livestock: cattle, sheep, goat, camel,

• Fruits: apples, pomegranate,

apricots and mulberry grape

Afghanistan MDG Target 2004 -2020

• Gaol 1: Eradicate extreme poverty from: 53 % to 26 % hunger from 48 % to 24 %• Goal 2: Primary education: for girls from• 21 % to 100 % for sons from 51 % to 100 %• Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empowerment • Goal 4: Mortality rate among children under 5 • from 260/ 1000 to 90/ 1000

Afghanistan MDG Target 2020

• Goal 5: Improve maternal mortality rate from 1600/ 100,000 to 400/ 100,000• Goal 6: Improve health conditions: TB from 321 / 100,000 to 91 / 100,000, malaria…Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability, access to drinking water from 43 % - 87 % • Goal 8 : Global partnership for development: increased GDP from US$170 / year to US$ 500 / year• Goal 9 : Enhance security : Reform and professionalize the Afghan National Army by 2010

همه با همدر راه ترقي افغانستان عزيز

Together Towards A Competitive Afghanistan

Brief introduction to

Ministry for Rural Rehabilitation and Development

(MRRD)

تعالی بسمIN THE NAME OF

ALLAH

تعالی بسمIN THE NAME OF

ALLAH

Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD)

– Goals:

To ensure the social, economic and political well-being of rural communities, especially poor and vulnerable people, through the provision of basic services, strengthening local governance and promoting sustainable livelihoods free from a dependency on illicit poppy cultivation

MRRD Strategic Focused Areas

– Priority Expected Results:

• Improved Rural Well-being • Local Governance • Equitable Gender Development • Programme Alignment • Organisational Development • Partnerships

Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD)

MRRD Long-Term Vision:MRRD Long-Term Vision:

• “A healthy, poverty free Afghanistan based on independence, freedom, democratic governance, self-reliability and equitable development.”

MRRD Mission Statement:MRRD Mission Statement:

• “To ensure the social, economic and political welfare of rural society, especially poor and vulnerable people, through the provision of basic services, strengthening of local governance and promoting sustainable livelihoods.”

MRRD Core Values

• MRRD is people focused with emphasis given to the poor• MRRD favours participatory community led approaches• MRRD believes in equity in development• MRRD believes gender equity• MRRD demonstrates honesty, integrity, transparency and

accountability• MRRD promotes innovations and creativity• MRRD ensures provision of effective, efficient and quality

services• MRRD protects the environment • MRRD respects religious and cultural diversity• MRRD believes in national unity• MRRD promotes cooperation, coordination and collaboration

with relevant stakeholders• MRRD upholds the interests of vulnerable and socially excluded

groups of the society • MRRD believes in sustainability and self reliance

MRRD’s Rights-based Strategies

• Promotion of good local governance

• Provision of access to basic services

• Means of livelihoods

• Humanitarian response

MRRD Strategy and Programmes

INCREASED PRODUCTIVE

INFRASTRUCTURE

MITIGATION OF

SHOCKS

INFORMED DECISION MAKING

ENHANCED LIVELIHOODS

NSP/NABDP NRAP/WATSANMICRO-FINANCE

NABDPNSS/NSP NSS/NSP

GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE

EMPOWERED RURAL COMUNITIESSUSTAINABLE RURAL LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES

SOCIAL PROTECTION

HUMAN SECURITY, EQUITY &

PRO-POOR GROWTH

VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE VILLAGE

CDCs CDCs CDCs

NSP

Community mobilization

CDC election & training.

Formulation of development plan

Community initiative projects

Implementation of block grants

M&E

Seeking additional resources

NABDP

Strengthen PDC

Creating DDAs

Support & to formulate development plans

Collaborate with other programmes to maximise support to provincial authorities and district administration

PROVINCIAL

DEVELOPMENT

COMMITTEES

GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE through

community development & strengthened local government

PROVINCIAL

COUNCILS

Equitable Growth through Poverty Reduction

DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT ASSEMBLIES

WATSAN

Sustainable safe drinking water points

Hygiene education and sanitation facilities

RURAL COMMUNITIES

INCREASED PRODUCTIVE

INFRASTRUCTURE enhancing health, education,

market access

NRAP

Connectivity thru rural road network

Access roads to markets & social services

Maintenance of roadsNABDP

Infrastructure interventions based on community requests

NSP

Construction of roads, small scale irrigation and wells based on community development plans using block grantsVillage

Development Plans

Community Priority Planning

Priority Projects Identified by District

Development Assemblies

Provincial Planning Workshops

Equitable Growth through Poverty Reduction

MISFA

Establishes and develops functioning Afghan MFIs.

MFIs provide rural financial services.

MFIs assist clients to save and develop skills in financial management.

Develops special products (eg for Kuchis)

NRAP, Wat/San

Access roads to markets & social services

Small-scale irrigation

Water & Sanitation

Skills development for ex-combatants

Employment assistance for trained ex-combatantsMICRO-

CREDIT FOR

RURAL POOR

RURAL FINANCE FOR ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS

ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES

TARGETED SKILLS

DEVELOPMENT

RURAL COMMUNITIES

Micro Level

Macro Level

FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KEY

SECTORS (Regional) NABDP

AUTONOMOUS PUBLIC AFGHAN COMPANY FOR

RURAL FINANCE (National)

ESTABLISHMENT OF RURAL FINANCE SERVICE PROVIDERS

(Provincial)

ENHANCED LIVELIHOODS with credit &

productive infrastructure

Equitable Growth through Poverty Reduction

NSS/VAU

Inter-ministerial Early Warning System

Emergency Needs Assessments

NSP

Training of CDCs in Disaster Preparedness by FPsInvestment in infrastructure

RURAL COMMUNITIES

MITIGATION OF SHOCKS through Emergency

Preparedness & Response

FEWSNET

Climate monitoring and forecasts (snow coverage & rainfall)

MRRD

Coordination & Assistance Provision

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

Other Ministries

Provision of Emergency Assistance

Equitable Growth through Poverty Reduction

Further Policy Development

1. Strategic Plan for MRRD (2007 -09) is finalized.2. Integrated program planning and performance

based budgeting through annual policy review process & independent evaluations.

3. Strategic framework for development and maintenance of rural infrastructure (roads & drinking water), including standards and norms.

4. Mainstream Alternative Livelihoods through national programmes.

Further Policy Development

5. Engage with other Ministries to develop a comprehensive Rural Development Strategy.

6. Establishment of an Institute on Rural Development to enhance capacity across the country in participatory learning and research.

7. Development of policy guidelines and regulatory framework for the advancement of Rural Enterprise/Agro-Industry and Rural Energy through the establishment of two new Departments – Rural Enterprises and Rural Energy.

MRRD Implementation Strategy

• Promote stability and state building by ensuring greater government participation and visibility in the delivery of services.

• Facilitate an enabling environment in which public goods and services can be delivered with efficiency and accountability.

• Develop public-private partnerships through collaborative project nominations, setting technical standards and joint monitoring of deliverables.

MRRD National Programmes1. National Solidarity Programme (NSP): fostering community-

level good governance and supporting community-driven development at the village level

2. National Area-Based Development Programme (NABDP): promoting comprehensive rural development in an integrated, people-focused manner at district & provincial levels

3. National Rural Access Programme (NRAP): establishing a quality rural road network that connects people with services and market

4. Rural Water and Sanitation Programme (RuWatSan): improving health and hygiene and reducing child mortality through provision of potable water and sanitation facilities

5. Micro-Finance: improving the lives of the poor and vulnerable through the establishment of wide credit and savings outreach

6. National Surveillance System (NSS): providing information and statistical data on the conditions in all 34 provinces by undertaking assessments, surveys, and studies.

MRRR National Prgrammes..

7.ARDP a ten years progamme aimed to generate and facilitate Rural Enterprises .

Via provision basic services for business development and access to credit .

Islamic Republic of AfghanistanMinistry of Rural Rehabilitation &

Development

Equitable Growth through Poverty Reduction

Making the poor an asset rather than a liability for economic growth

Best Practices

National solidarity program has produced best results• Practicing decentralization method for planning and

implementation of the projects.• Balanced gender participation in all steps of the project

planning and implementation • Covering whole country no bypassed community .• Changing the mindset of the people for devolvement

activities • Giving the feeling of ownership to community members.• Above 50 thousand of project been successfully and

sustain ably implemented within four years .

Best Practices

• Using community based implementation approaches .

• Men and women having equal rights to take decision.

• In some projects community contributions are more than block grant .

Major constraints

• Insecurity • Lack of arable land • Periodically drought • Lack of good road network • Lack of effective coordination at the area

of the rural development • Low institutional capacity within the Gov• Lack of financial institutions in rural areas

Major…

• Lack of processing technology in rural area

• Critical skills lacks in rural areas

مننه

Thank You