aesthetic ethical educational economic recreational ecological what is conservation? protecting the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Aesthetic• Ethical• Educational• Economic• Recreational• Ecological
What is conservation?
• Protecting the environment from human activities
• Preventing animals and plants from extinction
• Creating new habitats• Managing natural resources and
ecosystems• Keeping the balance of nature• Preserving the natural environment
![Page 2: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Aesthetic• Ethical• Educational• Economic• Recreational• Ecological
What is conservation?
• Attain sustainable yields whilst maintaining environmental quality
• Maximum biodiversity of genetic resources
• Minimal pollution• Optimum aesthetic appeal.
![Page 3: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Aesthetic• Ethical• Educational• Economic• Recreational• Ecological
What is involved?• Preservation
– not losing habitats or species– e.g establishing reserves
• Management– maintaining the balance
– removal of alien species– restriction of human interference– deflected succession
• Reclamation• repairing previous damage• returning land / water to a more valuable state
• Habitat creation• Producing entirely new ecosystems
![Page 4: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Aesthetic• Ethical• Educational• Economic• Recreational• Ecological
Reasons for conservation
![Page 5: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Aesthetic
Jacques Lake, Canada
• Aesthete– ‘Pleasure seeker’
• Natural environment is great source of pleasure
• To enjoy it we must conserve it!
![Page 6: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ethical
• Right to live– Are all organisms equal?– Subjective– Bacteria that cause diseases?
• Different cultures have different views– sacred animals
• Extinction is often natural– Fossil records
• Responsibility to maintain diversity?
![Page 7: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Educational• Fieldwork in
‘outdoor classrooms’
![Page 8: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Economic• Wildlife and
landscapes can provide income:– Visitors
spend money– Wildlife
watching holidays
– Activity holidays
![Page 9: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Recreational
![Page 10: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Food
• 250, 000 known plant species– Only 30 used for food on large scale
• Monocultures more susceptible to pests and disease
• Wild varieties may possess natural genetic resistance– Seed banks as biological insurance
• Most wild relatives of food crops are in the tropics– Under most threat!
![Page 11: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Medicines
• Rainforests worth more alive than dead!• 47 major drugs from tropical plants
– Codeine– Quinine
• Animals also play a role in medical research– Cytology– physiology
• Indigenous knowledge may be invaluable– We need to learn from them
![Page 12: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Genetics
• Wild populations face many threats:– Abiotic conditions– Disease
• Survival of the fittest– Genetic superiority/resistance
• Breeding has reduced the gene pool– Less tolerant
• Chances for:– Cross breeding– Genetic engineering
![Page 13: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Industrial Products
• Timber• Paper• Fuel• Gums• Dyes• Oils
![Page 14: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ecological
• Plants– Plants help regulate;
• Atmosphere• Water cycle• Nutrient cycles• Soil structure
• Form the basis of food chains
![Page 15: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ecological
• Species interdependence– Food webs– Habitats– Pollination– Nutrient cycles– Seed dispersal
• What if we manipulate these?– Intentionally
• Cane toads in Australia
– Unintentionally• Brown Tree Snake in Guam
![Page 16: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ecological
• Indicator species:– Lichens and SO2 pollution
– Used to identify and control harmful human activities
– Involves studying the natural environment
![Page 17: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Need for conservation
• Some factors may affect individual species directly
• Others may be threatened by loss of habitat
• Extinction• Endangered
![Page 18: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hunting and Collecting
![Page 19: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Persecution
• Deliberate eradication
• Damage:– Crops– Landscape– Livestock– People– Property
• Birds of Prey in UK
![Page 20: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Accidental Harm from Human Activities
• Fishing by-catch– Whales– Dolphins
• Farm harvesting– Mammals– Ground dwelling birds– Invertebrates
• Roadkill– Pheasants– Mammals
![Page 21: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Introduced Species
• ‘Alien species’• Moved around world
– Boats– Aircraft
• Accidental or deliberate• May have no effect• May cause endangerments or extinctions
– Predators– Competitors– Disease
![Page 22: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Grey Squirrel
![Page 23: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Brown Tree Snake
![Page 25: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
American Mink
![Page 26: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cane Toad
![Page 27: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Habitat Change
• Each species is adapted to a particular environment
• More competitive species may be able to survive change
• These will be the ones that are better adapted to the new environment
![Page 28: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Habitat Destruction
• Deforestation– logging
• Expansion of farmland– Food crops– Cash crops
• Urbanisation• Mineral extraction
– Quarrying– Mining
• Flooding by reservoirs– Water supply– HEP
![Page 29: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pollution
![Page 30: Aesthetic Ethical Educational Economic Recreational Ecological What is conservation? Protecting the environment from human activities Preventing animals](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ea25503460f94ba5768/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Climate Change