aer 2010 driver yielding

8/4/2019 AER 2010 Driver Yielding

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at crossings withouttraffic controls

Gene Bourquin, Rob Wall, Dona Sauerburger


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What conditions causedrivers to yield:

vests, flags, and cane,oh my?


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Why drivers

yield?


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Social theories and

empirical research

indicate thatdependencycues influence drivers

Harrell (1993)


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Drivers yielded more

readily to individuals perceivedto be dependent: mothers with a

carriage, people thought to havea physical disability, or people

who are blind.(Bake & Reitz, 1978)


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What driverssee


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Attentional capture: a stimulus

that alters attention away fromthe prevailing focuswhich

draw a attention without thatpersons volition.

(Hughes, Vachon, & Jones, 2005)


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(Mack, Pappas, Silverman, & Gay, 2002)

Whats in yourattention set?


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Inattentional Blindness: the

phenomenon when items notexpected, not of interest, or not

meaningful are not perceivedby the visual system.

(Ramachandran &Rogers-Ramachandran, 2005)


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Conditions are likely to be

noticed and understoodwhen attentional capture is

high and inattentional

blindness in minimized


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What we knew aboutdrivers yielding


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roundabout entry lanespedestrians standing at the

edge of the crosswalk: 36.4%

holding a white cane 20%

without a cane(Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, and Ponchillia, 2005)


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Roundabout exits (higherspeeds):

0% yielded with no cane, 9%

with a white cane.

(Ashmead, Guth, Wall, Long, and Ponchillia, 2005)


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driver yielding improved

with a visible long cane or

dog guide 15%-32% (Guth,Ashmead, Long, Wall, &Ponchillia, 2005)


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at a campus midblockcrosswalk with no traffic

control, drivers yieldedabout 96% to a cane user

(Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)


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at uncontrolled and

stop-sign-controlled streets(residential/downtown) drivers

yielded about 5% of the time toa cane user

(Guth, Ashmead, Long, Wall, & Ponchillia, 2005)


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What we did

What we found


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375 trials


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P

C2

C1

X


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Control yielding rate: 0.41

Flag 0.61Vest 0.49

Cane 0.87Cane waive 0.89

Cane waive vest 0.91


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The main differencesseen in yielding were

across the crossingconditions


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Secondarily, vehicleapproach speed most

critically impactedyielding


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This study, along with previous

studies, indicate a general principlethat using a cane will improve safety.

A long cane is a well-known symbol

that reduces inattention blindnessthrough its visibility and

meaningfulness.


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Mack, A., Pappas, Z., Silverman, M., & Gay, R. (2002). What we see: Inattention and thecapture of attention by meaning. Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2002) 488506,2002(11).

Ashmead, D. H., Guth, D., Wall, R. S., Long, R. G., & Ponchillia, P. E. (2005). StreetCrossing by Sighted and Blind Pedestrians at a Modern Roundabout.Journal ofTransportation Engineering, 131(11), 812-821.

Baker, L. D., & Reitz, H. J. (1978). Altruism toward the blind: effects of sex of helper anddependency of victim.Journal of Social Psychology, 104(1), 19.

Guth, D., Ashmead, D., Long, R., Wall, R., & Ponchillia., P. (2005). Blind and SightedPedestrians' Judgments of Gaps in Traffic at Roundabouts. Human Factors, 47(2), 134(118).

Harrell, W. A. (1993). The Impact of Pedestrian Visibility and Assertiveness on Motorist

Yielding. [Article].Journal of Social Psychology, 133(3), 353-360.

Hughes, R. W., Vachon, F., & Jones, D. M. (2005). Auditory Attentional Capture DuringSerial Recall: Violations at Encoding of an Algorithm-Based Neural Model?Journal ofExperimental Psychology / Learning, Memory & Cognition, 31(4), 736-749.

Ramachandran, V. S., & Rogers-Ramachandran, D. (2005). How Blind Are We? Scientific

American Mind, 16(2), 96-95.

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