advancing towards sustainable gas use with biogas

Advancing towards sustainable gas use

with biogas upgrading & liquefaction

March 2015 – Alicia VENEZIANI – Biogas Asia Pacific Forum

2 Air Liquide, world leader in gases, technologies and services for Industry and Health April 2015 Biogas Asia Pacific Forum

Agenda

1. Air Liquide in brief: a vision towards sustainable gas

use

2. Our first references on sustainable grid injection and mobility

3. Flexible and efficient upgrading and liquefaction processes at a

glimpse

1. Part 1: Upgrading

2. Part 2: Liquefaction

4. Which value can we bring to your project?


We are a gas specialist…

Gas & Services

Engineering & Construction

Welding & Diving

Industrial merchant

Large industry

Electronics Healthcare

N2

Air

ArgonO2

Silane

H2 Xenon

Acetylene

He

CO2

CH4

H2O

N2O Nitric oxyde

Aloha


…and a global leader in our industry

WORLD

LEADER IN GASES,

TECHNOLOGIES

& SERVICES FOR INDUSTRY AND

HEALTH

+1 million

patients

&

80 countries

+50,000 employees

400,000 individual shareholders

+1 million

customers


We are dedicated to innovation…

Others

Gas & Services

Revenue in 2014

M€ 15,358

Engineering &

Technologies €M 265 innovation expenses in 2013

6,200 employees in R & D,

advanced Business & Tech,

Engineering & Construction

321

new patents filed in 2013

Sustainable

gas use


…and committed to sustainable gas usages

Grid injection


Why Liquid Biogas as biofuel ?

CNG LNG

NG @ 250 bars NG @ -162°C

Energy Density 9 MJ / L 22 MJ / L ~ 6 kWh /L

x2.4

Heavy duty trucks (> 300/400 HP)

700 km autonomy < 400 km autonomy


Agenda

1. Air Liquide in brief: a vision towards sustainable gas use

2. Our first references on sustainable grid injection

and mobility


glimpse





30 units in operation around the world, and more to come

Lidkopking :

1 Biogas liquefaction for vehicle

fueling (CNG &LNG) 2012

800 Nm3/h bio-CH4

UK:

5 Biogas Upgrading for

grid injection 2013 – 2014

1000 Nm3/h raw biogas

Energy crops & Sewage sludge

USA:

16 Upgrading of landfill biogas for

grid injection 2006 - 2014

14 units in operation since 2006

2350 - 20 000 Nm3/h raw biogas

France:

2 Biogas upgrading for grid

injection & CNG 2012 – 2013

100 -1000 Nm3/h raw biogas

Agricultural wastes and MSW

China & Germany & Austria :

6 Biogas upgrading for

grid injection & CNG

Germany & Hungary

Biogas upgrading

for grid injection 2015

1500 Nm3/h raw biogas

Agricultural and food industry

wastes


Landfill biogas - ESG, Iris Glen LF, Johnson City, US

2,360 Nm3/h

Landfill biogas upgrading to grid

>98% availability effective rate

2006: start of operation

No membrane change

Patented VOC removal system combined with membrane upgrading to remove VOCs and Siloxans


Cedar Hill – A 18000 Nm3/h mega project

18, 900 Nm3/h

Landfill biogas upgrading to grid

2009: start of operation


Energy crops – Futurebiogas’ 4 plants, UK

800 Nm3/h Upgrading to the grid

2013: start of operation of

the 1st unit

2014: start of operations of

3 units (+1 in 2015).

99,5% CH4 recovery rate

98,5% [CH4] to limit propane blending


Agricultural & food wastes – Bioénergies de la Brie, France

« Since the start-up in August 2013, AL’s unit never caused a production

shut-down» - Jacques-Pierre Quaak

200 Nm3/h biogas

2013: Start of operation

>98% availability effective rate

Flexible drive adapting in real time to grid consumption


Biomethane liquefaction plant – Lidköping: Key figures

2013: Start of operation

-16 000 t CO2 / y

6000 cars & 200 trucks

20 M€ total investment


Biomethane liquefaction plant – Lidköping : Layout

7. Large CBG compressor

8. CBG cylinders containers

9. Fordonsgas CBG / LBG public refuelling station

1. Substrate loading ramps

2. Digesters from Farmatic

3. Digestate and RBG storage

4. RBG Upgrading plant

Swedish Biogas International

Göteborg Energi

5. AL Liquefaction plant

6. LBG tank

7. Small CBG compressor

Fordonsgas (retailer)


Agenda



3. Flexible and efficient upgrading and liquefaction

processes at a glimpse 1. Part 1: Upgrading




Upgrading using membranes: a easy-to-handle process

Raw

biogas

Biomethane

Pre-treatment Compression CO2 removal

Dry biogas

Remove pollutants (H2S,

NH3, COV, etc.) according

to grid specifications

Optimum pressure

for membrane

modules

Upgrade gas to grid quality


Q: permeate flow

P: permeability (function of Solubility x Diffusion)

Δp: difference in pressure between entrance and

permeate

l: thickness

Diffusive process:

Q = P. Δp / l

Membrane separation principle

CO2

CH4

1. Productivity: flow through

membranes (Q)

2. Selectivity: performance of

separation process (PCO2/PCH4)

Solubility (K) Ø (A)

CH4 191 3,8

CO2 304 3,3

Solubility

(K)

Ø (A) impacting

diffusion

CH4 191 3,8

CO2 304 3,3


Air Liquide’s solution: an efficient & multi-benefit system

Efficient

• Up to 99.5% CH4 recovery rate

• High quality biomethane (98,5% CH4)

• 0.21 to 0.28 kWh/Nm3 power

consumption

+ heat recovery of 70%

of compressor power used

• Availability > 98%

Adaptable

• Modular unit fitted to all types of biogas

• On-Off technology

• Advanced regulation

system for immediate

adaptation to

changing conditions

Control

• Cost control:

Low maintenance costs

•Process based on experience in

membrane applications for natural gas

•Long membrane life time > 8 years

Simple

•Skidded solution

=> no civil works

• Plug & Play concept

•Unattended operation

• No consumables for CO2 removal

10 -14 barg

55 / 45% CH4/CO2

8 -12 barg


A system knowledge beyond membrane fibers

Membrane size

Pressure management

1

3

Integration optimization (less piping, less valves)

Membranes casings = 16 barg pressure vessels

Larger bundles = less bundles = less connections =

less risk of pressure accident

Membrane arrangements 2

2 membranes types: High productivity or High

selectivity

Adaptable performances (extraction rate, electrical

consumption, bio-CH4 quality)

Adaptable system 4

Pressure / CO2 quality regulation loop for quality

management

Speed adaptation to gasbag level or to consumption

on the grid,

Adaptation of the membrane surface to inlet flows to

guarantee stable performances over time,

Non-conformity management: return to digester to

avoid gas loss


Standardized range of products

BGS 100 to 350 BGS 1000 to 1500


Compact units easy to install

Plug & Play concept:

Reduced installation work

Factory assembly


Agenda



3. Flexible and efficient upgrading and liquefaction

processes at a glimpse 1. Part 1: Upgrading




Gas CH4

@ 7 barg ,

2% CO2 Liquide CH4

-163 °C

Lidköping Liquefier: liquefaction using N2 cycle

2A. Cold box (Liquefaction) – perlite insulated

Electrical & control room

2B. Centrifugal 3 stages cycle compressor

3C. 2 Cryogenic

turbines (cold power)

1A. PTSA

(CO2 polishing)

Heat recovery

CH4

N2

1B. Compressor cooling

CH4

N2


Phase 1: CO2 polishing using PTSA

Process:

• Two bottles cycle (Push-Pull)

• Temperature management:

• Cooling during adsorption phase

(exothermic reaction)

• Heating during regeneration phase

with heat recovered from cycle

compressor

Gas CH4

7 barg

≈ 2% CO2, H2O, NH3

Gas CH4

7 barg

≈50 ppm CO2

No H2O, NH3

to liquefier

Nitrogen in

from upgrading

plant outlet

heater

vacuum pump

heat-exchanger

from compressor

hot water

from cooling water unit

to cooling water unit

Customer benefits:

High performance with CO2 < 50 ppm

Low energy consumption: self

regeneration

Low maintenance

Easiness of daily operation

Proven technology

Clean technology: no chemical


Phase 2: Liquefaction cycle based on N2 cycle with 2 turbo expanders

M

N2 cycle

Liquid CH4 to

storage (110 K)

Centrifugal

compressor

Water coolers

Turbo-expander 1

(with brake)

Turbo-expander 2

(with booster)

Cold box

Main Heat

Exchanger

Gaseous CH4


Focus on in-house Static Bearing Turbo-expander

Typical turbo expander as for Helium or H2 refrigeration system

Compressor wheel:

free additional

compression

(from 9 to 11.5 barg)

= up to 8% energy

saving

Expander wheel Shaft

Static gas bearings:

no contact = maintenance free HP gas bearing

feeding LP gas bearing

exhaust


Main advantages of the Air Liquide liquefaction solution

Operation flexibility 1

Liquefaction rate quickly adjustable down to

20%:

brake used instead of booster

IGV on compressor

automatic/manual control)

Variations of N2 or O2 in biomethane accepted

Adaptable for higher temperature (-143 °C)

required or higher pressure LBG users

Low energy system: 1kWh/Nm3

BioCH4 2

No heat needed for the front end purification

system:

90 kW recovered from compressor

Water loop @ 50°C and 90°C

Booster (instead of brake):

free additional compression

up to 8% energy saving

Low Elect. Consumption :1 kWh/Nm3

Low maintenance costs 3

Static gas bearings: No contact = No wear +

Maintenance free

> 130 000 hours MTBF


Agenda




glimpse





AL’s main assets to assist you during your project

In-house technology 4

Experience return on membrane applications > 25

years, > 8 years in biogas application

Long life membranes (> 8 years)

Permanent developments and R & D updates

Easy operation 1

Experience as an operator included in design

studies (maintenance access, consumable change,

etc.)

Unattended operation & Low maintenance costs

Flexible systems

Easy diagnostics when alarms thanks to

comprehensive instruments (PT, TT, FT, …)

AL industrial safety principles 3

Pressure management

ATEX management

Safety studies at project phase (HAZOP)

Safe regulation

Efficient systems 2

Methane loss < 0.5 % for biogas upgrading

High quality product: up to 98.5% CH4 ; selective to

O2

Energy management:

Supply of 0,16 kWh/Nm3/h of renewable

heat for digesters

10% of total electrical consumption saved on

liquefaction unit’s boosters

High proven availability > 98%

Thank you and visit us at

Hydrogen http://www.hydrogen-planet.com/

Biogas http://www.airliquideadvancedtechnologies.com/fr/our-offer/biogaz.html

AIR LIQUIDE Advanced Technologies

Shanghai– China

www.airliquideadvancedtechnologies.com

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advancing towards sustainable gas use with biogas

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