advanced interaction design metaphors · uu/it @ uu/it 2012-02-27 | #3 use of metaphors user...
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IT Uppsala universitet
Advanced Interaction
Design Metaphors
Bengt Sandblad
UU/IT
2012-02-27 | #2 @ UU/IT
Metaphor A metaphor is an analogy between two
objects or ideas, ……. (Wikipedia) At its most basic level, a metaphor describes
the use of a body of knowledge about one concept to understand or comment on a second concept. • That new worker is pretty green • The green politician
UU/IT
2012-02-27 | #3 @ UU/IT
Use of metaphors User interface, like the ‘desktop’, or ‘room’ Graphical representation, icons Interaction styles: direct manipulation, drag-
and-drop, gestures Concepts: computer virus, firewall Functionality: cut, paste, save, delete Etc.
UU/IT
2012-02-27 | #4 @ UU/IT
?
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Icons Generic – specific Standards – invented Combined with text, images....
Bengts documents
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2012-02-27 | #6 @ UU/IT
Icons How many icons are there in Windows 7? Examples of good and bad icons?
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Metaphors A metaphor is a metaphor for a metaphor
for….
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Metaphor
A computer is a.....?
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The Xerox Star Project The first ”work-station” with a desk-top metaphor (1975)
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2012-02-27 | #10 @ UU/IT
Mac desktop – the original 1983 Naive users Office work Weak computational
resources Basic physical
interaction (b/w small display, one-button mouse, keyboard)
No Internet Today??
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Any problems here?
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Magic Cap - rooms
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Desktop vs room
Different rooms
Work area
Everybody can do everything
Specific users can do specific things
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2012-02-27 | #14 @ UU/IT
Rooms, example
Select one room
User is in the patient record room, and works in its work area
User is in the appointment room and its work area
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Rooms, example
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Gestures
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Critique “Searching for that guiding metaphor is like
searching for the correct steam engine to power your airplane, or searching for a good dinosaur on which to ride to work” (Alan Cooper)
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2012-02-27 | #18 @ UU/IT
Do we understand all metaphors? Letter, envelope, mailbox Typewriter Slide ruler
Differences between different cultures? Examples?
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2012-02-27 | #19 @ UU/IT
What is this? A metaphor for “save” Why this image? Could we invent
something better? Why keep old (dead)
metaphors? More examples?
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2012-02-27 | #20 @ UU/IT
Cultural differences?
More examples?
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2012-02-27 | #21 @ UU/IT
Question
Is it possible to design a digital product without using any kind of metaphor? Can you give an example of an interactive
product that lacks a metaphor?
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2012-02-27 | #22 @ UU/IT
Example: Visuwork Research project at
our department
An office for case handling work
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2012-02-27 | #23 @ UU/IT
Work tasks
Paper-based tasks
Computer
Overview. Sorting. Piles.
Co-operation
Phone and support
Observations
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2012-02-27 | #24 @ UU/IT
Visuwork – Design workshop
Workshop + Brainstorming = 4 metaphors
1. Inbox
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Visuwork – Design workshop
3. Factory
2. Calendar
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The case factory.....?
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Visuwork metaphors 4. Piles
• Piles of tasks, sorted • Size is an important signal • Place on desktop
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Lo-fi prototype (paper)
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Hi-fi prototype
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Combination of metaphors
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2012-02-27 | #33 @ UU/IT
Plus We easily create new metaphors, in language
and everyday life May give the user a mental model of the
system Supports understanding and learning Can function as a creative tool for finding
new solutions
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2012-02-27 | #34 @ UU/IT
Minus May help the first time you use the system, but may
hinder you the rest of your life • What commands can we express?
Does not scale well (direct manipulation) • Point and click on 100 GB of files?
Stuck in the old (machines and old technology) • Travel across town to the post office to read your email?
The metaphor is not true, and may give the user the wrong mental model • Windows are not quite real windows? • Mac’s dustbin?
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2012-02-27 | #35 @ UU/IT
What is a typewriter?