Addressing climate change through green buildings

Responding to Climate Change

UK India perspectives

16th August,2010

Ms Mili Majumdar

Director

Sustainable Habitat Division

TERI, New Delhi, India

Background

Globally, buildings account for :

• 40% energy use

• 42%water consumption

• 40% solid waste

• 50% raw material use

• 50% of air pollution

• 42% GHG emission

• 50% water pollution

• Total energy use in buildings is growing rapidly owing to economic development, increasing urbanization and improved lifestyles, predominantly due to increased space conditioning load.

Cumulative Emissions Comparison Existing and New building stock

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Years

Em

issio

ns

Baseline Existing Baseline New

Alternate Existing Alternate New

47%

61%

Cumulative emissions & savings potential: Existing and New- Residential and Commercial

Stock

How to achieve ? Existing buildings

Current emissions (2008) from building stock( res+comm)= 64.2Mt CO2

47% reduction in emissions from existing stock (res+ comm) can be achieved if the following recommendations are implemented:

• Residential sector-100% urban households to use energy efficient (BEE Star Labeled) appliances &

lighting devices by 2020

-Mandatory phasing out of conventional appliances (fans, ACs) & lighting devices by 2012

-R&D on technical advancement & enhanced efficiency of appliances & lighting devices

-Development of financial mechanisms/ instruments to facilitate R&D

Commercial sector-100% existing commercial buildings to comply with existing commercial building

standards of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) by 2015

-Achieve 50% improvement in BEE norms for EB

How to achieve ? New buildings

. 61% reduction in emissions from new stock (res+ comm) can be achieved if the following recommendations are implemented:

Residential sector

-Same as for existing buildings

Commercial sector

-100% new urban buildings comply with Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) by 2015 (i.e. mid of 12th five year plan)

-Achieve 50% improvement in ECBC standards by 2050

Policies/programs to mainstream Energy Efficient construction

Energy Conservation Act 2001 enacted

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)2007 launched

Appliance labeling launched

Star rating programme for existing buildings

Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Environment Impact Assessment Authority mandatory for all large constructions

Resource(energy,water) efficiency integral part of clearance

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources incentivises energy efficient buildings through its solar buildings program

National green building rating system

“GRIHA” launched

National Action Plan on Climate Change

Mission on Sustainable Habitat

Convergence is crucial to implementation and mainstreaming

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated

Habitat Assessment (for new

construction)

Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India

What gets measured gets managed

Evolution of GRIHA

• GRIHA rating developed by TERI as TERI GRIHA in 2005

• TERI GRIHA was adapted after expert consultations by

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India,

and launched as National Rating System in 2007 (5 million sq

m in 11th plan)

• MNRE announced incentives in 2009

• 63 projects with 3.6 million sq m built up area registered

• Central government has mandated GRIHA for all upcoming

buildings

• GRIHA for existing buildings and large developments being

developed

Key highlights of GRIHA

• Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation

• Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water

• Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology

• Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS codes)

• Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)

Building types (new constructions)

Commercial

Residential

5 climatic zones

Hot – Dry

Warm – Humid

Composite

Temperate

Cold

Energy Efficient Building: ECBC +

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

conventional

building

ECBC compliant

building

GRIHA compliant

building

Energy saving potential in a ECBC and

GRIHA compliant building

37%45%

ECBC Compliance:

•Insulation

•High Performance glass

•Controls

•Efficient electrical , mechanical and

lighting systems

Incremental cost: 15%

Payback period < 5 years

GRIHA Compliance:

•ECBC +

•Passive principles (shading,

orientation, controlled glass area)

•Higher indoor design conditions

(higher by 1 deg C)

•Optimized lighting design

No further incremental cost

Payback period: < 4 years

kWh/yr

Moving towards net zero energy

building…

Renewable Energy (solar hot

water integration and solar

PV integration)

Energy efficient design

(ECBC + low energy/passive

strategies)+

GRIHA approach (combine

ECBC with traditional wisdom

and normative requirements

of National Building Code)

Promote through several

schemes of the MNRE

BEE program on

implementation of ECBC,

Star rated Appliances

Synchronized with National Action

Plan on Climate Change

GRIHA compliant

building

Mission on Sustainable habitat

•ECBC compliance

•Solid waste management

•Waste water management

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar

Mission

•Roof top photovoltaic programme

•Solar thermal energy programme (water

heating, space air-conditioning)

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur

Trees preserved and protected

Outdoor solar lights

N-S Orientation with shading

(roof/window)

Lesser paving

Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems

Corporate office of Unilever, Mumbai

Corporate office of Suzlon, Pune

Commonwealth Games

Village,New Delhi

Station cum commercial complex for

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation(16 hour

/day use)• EPI (Base case):522 kWh/sq m

/year

• EPI (ECBC roof and glass): 469

kWh/sq m /year (10% savings)

• EPI (ECBC light power

density): 424 kWh/sq m /year

(18% savings)

• EPI (ECBC HVAC):

331kWh/sq m /year (36%

savings)

• EPI (Heat recovery): 268

kWh/sq m /year (48% savings)

• Tonnage of AC brought down

from 1500 TR to 875 TR

3.6 million square meters of

projects registered

Key Projects(registered/to be registered):

Common wealth games village

Fortis hospital buildings

Buildings in Doon school campus,

CESE building at IIT Kanpur campus

Office buildings of Suzlon Limited

Haryana Technology Park

IIT Rajasthan & IIM Ahmedabad

Hindustan Unilever

Upcoming AIIMS-like institutions

MoEF building

• Reimbursement of 90% of the rating-cum-registration fee forbuildings rated under GRIHA

• Incentives to architects/ design consultants

– Rs. 2.50 lakh for projects upto 5000 sq. m. with minimum 3 starrating

– Rs. 5 lakh for projects > 5000 sq. m. with minimum 4 star rating

• Capital subsidy for SPV installations under Ministry’sscheme

• Promotional activities (training, awareness generation,capacity building programmes) – up to Rs. 2 lakh each

• Incentives to Urban Local Bodies – Up to 50 lakhs

• Recent initiative : First 100 Government buildings exemptedfrom paying registration fees in advance.

• Awards

MNRE Incentives for GRIHA

Rated Green Buildings

Existing building retrofit

Retrofitting existing building stock: current initiatives

Government programme:

Bureau of Energy Efficiency has an ambitious energy efficiency retrofit programme for existing buildings in government sector through performance contract

Several important government buildings are being retrofitted

The Presidents estate has recorded 23% energy savingsStar rating programme of existing buildings

35 energy service companies have been empanelled

TERI’s experience:

Carried out energy efficiency studies/audits of over 100 buildings and enabled retrofit in many with average savings of 20%

Technical partner to Clinton Climate Initiative in Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Programme

Enabling retrofit of 100 government buildings in the National Capital Territory of Delhi

Energy Efficiency Improvements atRashtrapathi Bhawan (President’s estate)

Energy Efficiency Measures at Rashtrapati Bhawan

Energy Saving

Measure

Electricity

savings

(kWh/ year)

Savings in lakh

Rupees per year

Air conditioning 5,54,266 35.3

Lighting 3,25,028 20.7

Pumping 54,140 3.45

Total 9,33,434 59.45

Progammatic CDM:Bachat Lamp Yojna

(Lamp Savings Project)– Of the approximately 1 billion light points in India, about 600 million

use CFLs

– CFL penetration in commercial sector is almost complete – but low in household sector

– “Bachat Lamp Yojana” facilitates firms in providing CFLs to households at the price of incandescent bulbs

– The difference in cost would be recovered through the carbon credits that accrue because of their lower energy use

– About 300 to 400 million lamp replacements are targeted

– 40 mT of avoided Co2 emissions

TERI University: Usage of multiple low energy cooling

techniques: (thermal storage, earth air tunnel, Variable

refrigerant flow system)

TERI-Bangalore

SOLAR WALL

SOLAR WATER HEATING

DAYLIGHTING

Building consumes only 30kWh/sqm/annum

Thank you