Active Transport

• transport that requires a cell to expend its own energy to pump a molecule across the membrane. Movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high transportation

Endocytosis

• transport that occurs when the cell membrane encloses around the particle forming a pouch, the pouch is then draw into the cell, requires energy on behalf of the cell

Exocytosis

• transport that occurs when the cell memberane forms an internal pouch of large/multiple molecules and then releases them outside of the cell, requires energy on behalf of the cell

Facilitated Diffusion

• the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins

Hypertonic Solution

• a situation that describes a solution when the concentration of solutes in solution is higher than inside the cell <OR> a term to describe a cell or solution that GAINS water

Isotonic Solution

• an adjective that describes a solution when the concentration of solutes in solution is the same as inside the cell <OR> a term to describe when a cell is equal to its surrounding solution regarding water concentration

Osmosis

• the diffusion of water (from a high conc. To a low conc.) across a cell membrane (selectively permeable membrane)

Hypotonic Solution

• a situation that describes a solution when the concentration of solutes in solution is lower than inside the cell <OR> a term to describe a cell or solution that LOSES water

Passive Transport

• transport that does not require the cell's chemical energy to move molecules across the membrane

Anaphase

• Third phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Solute

• substance that dissolves in the solvent Ex:salt, Kool aid

Solution

• a homogeneous mixture of solute(s) and solvent(s)

Cell Cycle

• The stages that take place between the time a eukaryotic cell divides and the time the daughter cells divide. (stages of growth, preparation, and division (Interphase and Mitosis)

Mitosis

• 1 diploid parent cell splits into 2 identical diploid daughter cells.

Prophase

• Nucleolus has disappeared, and duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart, and spindle is in process of forming.

Metaphase

• Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Telophase

• The fourth and final stage of mitosis, in which nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.

Chromosomes

• DNA that is coiled together and condensed into small packages (like DNA suitcases)

Homeostasis

• the ability of an organism to self-adjust to maintain a balance of life functions in a changing environment

Diffusion

• the process by which molecules of a substance move from an area of high concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed about the container

Karyotype

• Is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism