Action 1

HOW GREEN ARE YOU?1. While you are actually brushing your teeth, youa) leave the tap running.b) turn off the tap and turn it back on to rinse your mouth.c) only use a glass of water.2. When you leave the room, youa) turn off the light.b) leave the stereo on but turn off the light.c) leave everything on.3. What do you do with empty bottles?a) Take them to the recycling bin.b) Return them to the market.c) Throw them in the rubbish bin.4. What are CFCs ?a) Aerosols.b) Dangerous gases that deplete the ozone layer.c) A rock group.5. When you buy eggs, the boxes area) polystyrene foam or clear plastic.b) cardboard.c) either a or b, but you return them to the shops.6. When you buy something at the supermarket, youa) take a plastic carrier bag.b) reuse an old plastic carrier bag.c) use your own bag.7. When you eat a chocolate bar in class, youa) drop the wrapper under your desk.b) put the wrapper in the litter bin.c) save the wrapper for recycling.8. Which products do you keep in your bathroom?a) Biodegradable shampoo and cosmetics.b) Aerosols.c) Any kind of products from the supermarket.9. In school, you usea) refillable pens.b) throwaway plastic pens.c) refillable pens and solar-powered calculators.10. If you were asked to contribute money to a Save the Environment project, you woulda) refuse to give.b) give generously.c) give a small amount.11. Which of the following do you use?a) Only recycled materials.b) Recycled materials if someone gives them to you.c) The cheapest ones.12. Tropical forests should bea) cut down so that we can profit from natural resources.b) protected because they are beautiful.c) protected because they produce oxygen.Work in pairs and consult your friend about what you can do to be greener.a. Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning.1. Forests are in danger. Animals are too.Both ............. and ........................................... .Not only ............. but also ........................................... .2. They have been cleaning up the rivers. They are still quite dirty.They ......................................; however, ...................................... .Although ......................................................................... .3. Carbon dioxide is the least dangerous of the pollutants. It may be the most damaging.Although ......................................, ..................................................................................; however, ...................................... .4. Greenpeace have taken many actions to prevent environmental disasters. Most people cant heartheir voice in defence of the living world.Despite/In spite of ......................................., ...................................... .Although ................................., ...................................... ................................................; however, ......................................b. Make sentences using the words in the box. Use each once.in order to, so as to, so that, in order that1. Laws to fit filters on factory chimneys must be passed ................................................................... .2. People should be required to use public transport .......................................................................... .3. A good idea would be to recycle rubbish ......................................................................................... .4. We could use less fuel .....................................................................................................................c. Read and choose the best one.The world is still facing many environmental problems (1) ................... many organizations areworking hard to reduce them. Among them the most threathening one is the global warming. It is agradual increase in the world temperatures. This increase takes place (2) ................... the amount ofpolluting gases such as carbon dioxide raises in the air. These gases collect in the air around theEarth (3) ................... many factors such as cutting down forests and using aerosols. (4) ...................,they prevent heat escaping into space. (5) ................... prevent global warming, we need more treeswhich use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. (6) ..................., we should use ozone-friendlyproducts.1. a) despite b) because c) although d) so2. a) in order to b) so c) however d) as3. a) for b) because c) because of d) since4. a) So b) However c) So that d) Because5. a) In order to b) Because c) However d) In order that6. a) However b) In addition c) In order to d) So asWork in groups and start a campaign to keep your school clean. Prepare some slogans.

Discuss the solutions to the environmental problems of the earth.Dinner Is Served1. Has someone ever bought you a meal at a restaurant? What was the reason?2. Whats the most expensive meal you have ever ordered?3. What is one of your favorite things to order at a restaurant?4. What is the worst meal you have eaten in a restaurant?DialogueMike: Thanks for inviting me out today. I was feeling kind of sad. Theres nothing better than grabbing a biteto eat with a good friend to make you feel better.Shaun: No problem. It's for your birthday, so it's on me.Mike: Oh, I thought no one remembered, but you don't have to treat me. We can go halfers. Dont feel youhave to cover my half just because its my birthday.Shaun: Forget about it. Ive got it covered. Order whatever your heart desires.Mike: Great, because I'm starving. Im so hungry I could eat a horse. It's time to pig out. Do you know whatyoure going to have?Shaun: I'm going to have the shrimp cocktail for an appetizer, and a medium-rare steak for my entree. Itsthe house speciality, and I hear it's out of this world.Mike: Wow! There are a lot of mouth watering choices on this menu. Lets see. I think Ill go with the caviarto start and the seafood platter for two as my main course. Like I said, Im famished.Shaun: Man, its going to be pretty hard to eat all that.Mike: Youre right. It would be pretty hard to eat all that without something to drink. I think Ill order a bottleof their finest wine to wash down all that tasty food.Shaun: I think your eyes might be bigger than your stomach.Mike: Yeah, I might have to skip breakfast tomorrow. But I can always take a doggie bag, so I can haveleftovers for lunch and dinner tomorrow.Shaun Well, I might have to skip a few meals after paying this bill.

Sentence PracticeFill in the spaces with the missing vocabulary term.Sentence Answer Vocabulary1.Im starving. I think Ill go and ____ _ ____ __ ___. Do you want tocome with me?2. Last time we went out, you treated me. Tonight, its __ me. 3. Dont worry about money. Ill _____ you to dinner tonight.4. I ______ ___ at dinner, and now I feel sick. I wish I hadnt eaten somuch. 5. Would you like me to put the rest of your food in a ______ ___, so youcan take it home with you?could eat a horse6. I think Ill have an appetizer before my ______. 7. Before my main course, Ill have the chicken wings to _____ 8. There is no way that you can eat all that. I think your ____ _________ ____ your ______. 9. The chocolate mousse is ___ __ ____ ____. 10. That is the _______ pizza I have ever eaten. 11. Dont worry about how much it is. Order ________ your ____________. 12. Her cooking is more than delicious. It is totally _____ _______. 13. I think Ill order another beer __ ___ ____ all this food. 14. Look at all this food that we didnt eat. I guess we are having_________ tomorrow.eat15. Im sorry. I dont have any money on me. Can you _____ __ ____,and Ill pay you back tomorrow?desires16. I havent eaten anything at all today. Im ________. 17. He never treats me! He always wants to __ _______. 18. Wow! Im famished. Im so ______ ____ I _____ ___ _ _____. 19. Would you like to have an _________ before your main course? A) eyes are biggerthan stomachB) leftoversC) famished D) entreeE) hungry thatF) mouth watering G) to wash down H) treat I) cover my half K) appetizer L) pigged out P) start Q) tastiest R) doggie bag M) on N) grab a bite to O) whatever heart S) out of this world

PHRASAL VERBS | Using phrasal verbs in everyday situations 1 REMEMBER: Several responses might be acceptable - choose the best one: 1. She ___________ the red dress instead of the blue one. a) put on b) placed on c) put off 2. Hes not at work today = Hes ___________ today a) up b) on c) off/out 3. The prisoners were ___________ by the police. a) taken away b) taken off c) taken on 4. I was ___________ ( = surprised) by his reaction. a) taken away b) put on c) taken aback 5. Youre ___________! = Youre trying to trick me (* not in a bad way*) a) putting me off b) putting me on c) putting me out 6. Jim was tired of digging, so his friend ___________. a) helped him in b) helped him over c) helped him out 7. He ___________ his father = Hes similar to his father a) takes after b) takes about c) takes after 8. He ___________ at 7:00 this morning. a) woke about b) woke up c) woke in 9. To string someone ___________ means to keep someone in a state of deception or false hope. a) along b) around c) away 10. I dont really know this city. Could you ___________ a bit? ( = show me where everything is) a) show me inside b) show me around c) show me down

1. The recession was ___________ ( = caused) by bad economic planning. a) brought on/about b) brought in c) brought over 2. My cousin ___________ ( = visited me) the day before yesterday. a) came on b) came by c) came to 3. The robber ___________ me ( = attacked me), but I was able to fight him off. a) came on b) came to c) came at 4. He decided ___________ moving to Spain. ( = decided not to move to Spain) a) against b) along c) away 5. Ill ___________ at 8 = Ill come get you at 8 a) pick on you b) pick at you c) pick you up 6. I picked ___________ ( = noticed) her bad mood and left her alone. a) in b) up on c) on 7. The other kids always ___________ me ( = tease me/ give me a hard time) because I look different. a) pick on b) pick at c) pick around 8. Im really tired. Ive been ___________ all day trying to get things ready for the party. a) running on b) running away c) running around 9. Lets ___________ your test. ( = lets review your test) a) go over b) go around c) go away 10. Go ___________ ( = leave) - I dont want to talk to you right now. a) out b) away c) on

Love on the RocksIntroductionTo help you understand the title, think of a ship at sea. If the ship is on the rocks, it should beobvious that there is a crisis. Here, though, we arent talking about ships, were talking about menand women and the problems they have communicating with one another.Activity AFirst, a little activity that should give us something to talk about. In pairs go through the followingthree questions.1. Just before you left the office this afternoon you found out that someone has been criticisingyour work. This has upset you. Whats the first thing you will do to try to deal with thesituation?a. Phone some of the colleagues or friends that you trust to have a long chat about what hashappened and about how you are feeling now.b. Think about the situation very carefully to try to work out what may be going on behindthe scenes, and then decide what you need to do to protect your interests in the business.2. You are in a strange city and you need to find another companys head office which you havebeen told is only a short walk from the station. You know the address and you have a very goodmap. When you arrive at the train station what would you prefer to do?a. Look for someone who seems to be a local and ask them they way.b. Get out your map and see which road will take you from the station to the head office.3. Things are going fairly well at work you are managing to pay the bills and there are norumours that you are about to be fired but thats not to say you dont have some complaints:there are one or two things that irritate you. As usual, you meet up on a Friday night with someof your friends. What is likely to be the first topic of conversation?a. Those minor irritations at work and the way they make you feel.b. The latest episode of your favourite comedy series or some item of news from the fields ofsport, technology or politics.Look back at the answers to each of the three questions. One is supposed to be a typically maleanswer and the other typically female. In each case try to say which is which. Assuming youagree that it is possible to make generalisations like this, what do the answers say about the waymen and women typically behave?Activity BThe psychologist John Gray has some controversial ideas about the differences between the sexesand the problems this can create in relationships. Here are two different descriptions taken fromGrays book. Try to work out which is directed at a man and which at a woman.1. Any difficult situation will have two aspects: one aspect is the objective development(for instance the fact that your teams sales figures are lower than usual, or the latest newsfrom head office that some people will be given promotion while others will be maderedundant) and the other aspect is the emotional impact of those external developments.Being in business means you cant ignore the practical difficulties, but they are not alwaysyour first priority. When things become stressful at work you are more likely to turn toclose friends who will listen attentively while you explore the complex feelings that havebeen troubling you recently. Only if you can talk like this at length about your emotionalturmoil, will you be able to sort out the more practical aspect of the problem later on.2. If you hear rumours that your performance in the office is being criticised there is noquestion that this leaves you feeling hurt, but when it comes to dealing with this difficultsituation you tend not to focus on feelings like that. The situation presents a challenge:someone has been attacking you behind your back and you need to find a way to defendyourself. You may want to talk to some of the colleagues you trust, but before you do this,you are more likely to withdraw into the cave of your mind to try to work out for yourselfwhat the best course of action will be. Asking for help at the first hurdle or idlyexpressing how terrible you feel is to be avoided because it would look too much like anadmission of weakness and incompetence.How would you sum up the most important differences that these two paragraphs highlight?Are these ridiculous stereotypes or do they have some basis in reality?VocabularyLook for these words in the previous passage and then use either the context or a goodmonolingual dictionary to explain what they mean as they are used in the passage.figuresimpactattentivelyturmoilwithdrawcourse of actionhurdleadmissionincompetenceActivity CIn his book Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus John Gray says he is describing realdifferences between the sexes that can often lead to serious difficulties in a relationship. Readthe following scenario (which Gray considers to be typical) and try to put into your own wordswhat the problem is.A man and a woman return home burdened by their respective problems he has beensitting on the train or in his car silently trying to work out the problems of the day, but theyseem insoluble and a guy like this, when he gets home, is likely to have a burning need to sitin front of the television to take his mind off his problems and find a way to gradually relax.But just when he is trying to forget a confusing situation, his partner wants him to listen asshe pours out all her problems, looking for support and understanding. If he has the energy,he may tolerate this just enough to work out what the main problem is, then he will bluntlysuggest a solution before returning to the TV. But the woman doesnt want solutions shewants a kind ear and someone to embrace her. Each annoys the other: he with his silence andshe with her continual moaning.The busier life becomes, the greater this friction will be. As the problems men face seemgreater and more intractable, the more they need to escape and the less they are able to sitand listen patiently and lovingly to their partners frustrations. The more demanding awomans life becomes, the greater her emotional turmoil is and the more she has to express. Ifher partner is glued to the TV or out skydiving all the time, they will grow further and furtherapart.1. How widespread do you think this lack of communication might be?2. Imagine you are a counsellor whose job it is to give advice to couples whose relationship ison the rocks. If two of your clients described the scenario you have just read, what advicewould you give them?VocabularyLook at the words in blue in the previous passage.1. First look for two synonymous adjectives used in connection with problems that areparticularly difficult to deal with.Now match the remaining blue words with the following definitions.2. stuck (spending too much time in front of)3. in an insensitive way4. complain5. express6. confusion and disturbance7. Literally: the resistance when two surfaces rub against each other8. weighed downLanguage extraLook at the example sentence (taken from one of the passages above) and then transform thefollowing sentence so that it contains the structure in the example sentence.Being in business means you cant ignore the practical difficulties...1. If you study in a class you are going to be compared to other people.Studying ....................................................................................2. If you work in the private sector you will have to cope with some stiff competition.Working ....................................................................................................Only if you can talk like this at length about your emotional turmoil, will you be able to sort outthe more practical aspect of the problem later on.3. You will only save your relationship if you watch less television.Only ...................................................................................4. The only way to help your wife deal with her problems is to listen to her.Only by ...............................................................................................Asking for help at the first hurdle or idly expressing how terrible you feel is to be avoided becauseit would look too much like an admission of weakness and incompetence.5. You should avoid losing your temper completely with your partner.Losing .......................................................................................6. If you destroy the television you might feel better, but it wont really achieveanything.Destroying ..........................................................................................The busier life becomes, the greater this friction will be.7. If I am under more stress at work, I am less likely to say much to my wife.The more ..........................................................................................8. If I speak to her less, she feels more compelled to overeat.The less ...........................................................................Activity DHere is the response of Brian Kassar, a psychologist at the Montana State University.1. Read the paragraph and then try to sum up Kassars criticism of Grays book.Even if we just consider the title of John Grays book: Men are from Mars, Women arefrom Venus it is obvious that the author is simply perpetuating the received stereotypes.He does nothing to challenge societys definition of masculine, despite the fact that menwho give in to the social pressure to hide their sensitivity and be more aggressive, assertiveand competitive are more likely to develop health problems, substance abuse orrelationship difficulties. Instead of being told that they are from the planet of war andaggression, men need to think about the way social groups use shame to reinforce the oldstereotypes, and they need to be encouraged to share feelings of weakness, guilt andvulnerability with their male friends something that will deepen those relationships andimprove their emotional health.2. Kassar is making an important assumption about masculine behaviour. Which of the followingsentences best identifies that assumption?a. Every society inevitably creates social stereotypes.b. There are good biological reasons why men find it more difficult to talk about theirfeelings.c. There is nothing about the biology of men that might make it difficult for them to changethe way they behave.3. Perpetuate is a nice verb. Scientists used to be intrigued by the idea that they might inventa machine with perpetual motion. Have you any idea what that might be?4. What does it mean if you reinforce something?5. If someone urges you to challenge social stereotypes, what do they want you to do?6. Now read a brief paragraph about some research into the differences between male and femalebrains. What implications could research like this have for people like Kassar who look forward toradical changes in the way men behave?Neuroscientists at Harvard University have used sophisticated brain scanning techniquesto examine how emotion is processed in the brain of children between the ages of 7 and 17.In young children, they found that emotional activity was localized in more primitive areasof the brain, specifically in the amygdala (this is an almond-shaped part of the braininvolved in responding emotionally to events in our lives). That's one reason why it doesn'tmake much sense to ask a 6-year-old to tell you why she is feeling sad. The part of the brainthat does the talking, up in the cerebral cortex, isnt yet adequately connected to the part ofthe brain where the emotion is occurring, namely the amygdala. In adolescence, brainactivity associated with emotion moves up to the cerebral cortex, so the 17-year-old is ableto explain what she is feeling, and why, in great detail and without much difficulty. But thatchange occurs only in girls. In boys, the locus of emotional control remains stuck in theamygdala. Asking a 17-year-old boy to talk about his feelings is often as pointless as askinga 6-year-old.7. What is the technical term for the outer surface of the brain that makes it possible for us tothink about what we are doing?8. We can talk about computers processing information. What does this mean?9. How optimistic are you that men can stop being so nasty? Does their neurophysiology presentan insurmountable obstacle?Vocabulary extraHere we have two groups of adjectives that could be used to describe people. Work in pairs with agood monolingual dictionary. Look up the words in one group. Write down the definitions and agood example sentence. Then explain the words to those who have looked up the words from theother group.Group 1supportiveaffectionateunderstandingcondescendingprejudicedopen-mindedunforgivingshort-temperedassertivecallousnaiveGroup 2nonchalantinsincerehystericalsubmissivedomineeringmanipulativesereneexuberantfuriouscharmingwitty

Money

1. Starting up. Do the quiz individually. Then compare answers with a partner.1) How much cash do you have with you at the moment? Do you:a. Know exactly?b. Know approximately?c. Not know at all?2) Do you normally check:a. Your change?b. Restaurants bills?c. Prices in several shops before you buy something?3) Do you:a. Give money to beggars?b. Give money to charity?c. Give away used items, such as clothing?4) What do you think about people who do not pay the correct amount of tax?Is this:a. A serious crime?b. Morally wrong but not a crime?c. Excellent business practice?5) If you lend a colleague a small amount of money and he forgets to pay itback, do you:a. Say nothingb. Remind him that he owes you money?c. Arrange him to go for a drink with him and say youve forgotten yourwallet?2. Pre- reading exercise. In your opinion, which of the following give the bestreturn on your money?gold currencies a high- interest depositaccountprecious stones property antiques and paintingsstocks and shares land/real estate a new business venture3. Choose the best answer.If someone speculates:a. they take a risk to make a quick profitb. they make a safe investment for a long- term security.4. Work in 2 groups. Each group reads a different text: either The South SeaBubble or The Wall Street Crash.The South Sea BubbleThe South Sea Bubble is the name given to a speculation in 1720, andassociated with the South Sea Company in London. People bought shares in thecompany expecting to make a huge profit, but the boom in shares collapsed andmany investors lost their money.The South Sea Company was founded in 1711 to trade with Spanish America.The companys stock offered a guaranteed interest of 6% and sold it well.Unfortunately, Spain allowed the company to send only one ship a year to tradein the area.The first voyage in 1717 was a success. Then King George 1 became governorof the company in 1719. This created confidence in the business, and soon itwas paying 100% interest.In 1720, there was a boom in the South Sea Companys shares because it agreedto take over the countrys national debt. It expected to get back its money byincreased trade and rise in the value of its shares.The shares did, in fact, rise dramatically. The stock of the company, which hadbeen around 128 in January 1720, reached 1,000 in August. By September themarket had collapsed, and the price fell back to 124. Eventually, with thesupport of the Government, the shares leveled off at around 140.The South Sea Bubble had burst and it led to an economic depression in thecountry.The Wall Street CrashThe stock market crash in the United States in 1929 was huge and it led to asevere and lasting economic crisis in the world. Many bankers and industrialistslost their money and reputations. Some went to prison and others committedsuicide. Share prices on the New York stock exchange had begun rising in1924, and in 1928 and 1929 they rocketed to unbelievable levels. In spring 1929there was a break in the rising prices when the Federal Reserve Bank said itmight raise interest rates to slow down the boom. However, a major bank, theNational City Bank, assured investors that it would continue to lend money tothem at affordable rates. Soon the market took off again. People could buystock for 10% of its value and borrow the remaining 90%. The lending ratevaried from 7% to 12%. Almost everyone was optimistic. One economist, atthe peak of the boom, said that people generally agreed stocks are not atpresent overvalued.It all ended on 21 October, 1929. The market opened badly and there was heavyselling. Confidence in the market disappeared. There was a rumour that the bigbankers were getting out of the market. Share prices fell dramatically and kepton falling. The boom was over. But its consequences would last for years tocome.5. After- reading exercise. Complete the chart below.South Sea Bubble Wall Street CrashWhere did it happen?When did it happen?Who was involved?What happened?Why did it happen?What were the consequences?6. Discuss these questions.a. What are the similarities and differences in these 2 speculations?b. What do you think people speculate in during the next 20 years?7. Work in groups. Find words and phrases in the texts which are similar inmeaning to the definitions below. The first group to finish is the winner.South Sea Bubble Wall Street Crasha very large amount of moneyset upsudden increase in buying and sellingto accept responsibilitygo up very fastin the endremained stablea powerful business person controlling largecompanieswent up very fasta change for a short periodbecame very activehighest pointsold at too high a priceselling all of their shares8. Useful language. Saying numbers.Years1984 nineteen eighty four2001 two thousand and oneCurrencies3.15 three ponds fifteen$7.80 seven dollars eighty250 two hundred eightyeurosDecimals16.5 sixteen point five17.38% seventeen point threeeight percent0.185 (nought/zero) point oneeight fiveBigger numbers3560 three thousand five hundred |and sixty (BrE)|sixty (AmE)598,347 five hundred |and ninety- eight thousand, three hundred and forty- seven (BrE)| ninety- eight thousand, three hundred forty- seven (AmE)1,300,402 one million three hundred thousand, four hundred |and two (BrE)|two (AmE)1m one/a million (100,000,000)3bn three billion (300,000,000)$7.5bn seven point five billion dollars478 four hundred |and seventy eight million pounds (BrE)| seventy eight million pounds (AmE)9. Read the article below. Then write all the numbers and symbols in full,according to the way they are pronounced. For example, 1999: nineteenninety- nine.Business in briefEuroDisney runs new projectThe French government yesterday approved a Ff 4.6bn urban developmentproject east of Paris, coordinated by EuroDisney, and designed to create 22,000jobs by 2015.Prince invests in media and technologyThe worldwide fall in stock markets last month encouraged Prince Alwaleedbin Tala to invest in media and technology companies. The Saudi prince spent$400m on a 5% stake in News Corporation, $300m on 1% in Motorola and$150m on 5% of Netscape Communications.FT sales recordSales of the Financial Times hit an all- time record in November. Worldwidesales were 12.4% up on November, last year.

Pre-reading discussion1. Some children seem to be born with an inclination to behave more badly than others. Try torecall one particularly badly behaved child and describe some typical examples of their badbehaviour.2. Have you got any idea what their bad behaviour sprang from?3. Have you ever thought about how the experience of being the older brother or sister differsfrom that of being the younger sibling? How could you describe the differences? How couldthese experiences shape the childs future character?ReadingRead the passage and then in pairs discuss the answers to the questions that follow.All children need attention, but there are some who demand it much more forcefully thanothers. Both with their peers and parents or carers, they will insist they get their way. Theyreadily infuriate other kids by laying down rules that everyone else is supposed to follow.Oblivious of the irritation they cause others, they are quick to lose their temper if otherchildren dont fall into line with their demands. When parents intervene to set reasonablelimits the overly demanding child quickly becomes agitated and angry.This exaggerated sense of entitlement may spring from an early experience of beingwounded an experience that destroys an earlier sense of security and arouses feelingsthat the child cannot cope with. One trigger might be the birth of a younger brother orsister, leaving the older child feeling neglected or abandoned. Other potentially woundingexperiences include a mothers return to work, moving to a new town, parents fighting orthe child being left for long periods of time in daycare. Each of these could initiate a senseof loss accompanied by an emotional arousal that the child cant handle.The type of child in question is one with a predisposition to react aggressively when it doesnot receive what it has come to expect. When the childs expectations are not met an initialsense of hurt is immediately replaced by a feeling of anger and the child has a tantrum.Child therapists have a saying: Trust the wisdom of the child. Children have tempertantrums for a reason. The angry behaviour sends out a signal that the child needssomething different from what it is being given. However, it is important not to take thebehaviour at face value. The child may be screaming to be bought a new toy, but theseexplicit demands may only be the beginning of the story in other words, they may concealas much as they reveal. What the child might really need is neither the toy nor getting hisown way, but reassurance. The child may have the deeper and more urgent need to bereassured that it sill has the parents unconditional love.Questions1. What sort of child does the passage focus on?2. How does the passage account for the bad behaviour of these children?3. Looking at its use in this passage, the word tantrum probably refers toa. an experience of being woundedb. a predisposition to act aggressivelyc. when the child starts shouting and screamingd. a sign that the child is wise4. What is not true according to the passage?a. Overly demanding children dont always realize how much they irritate other people.b. Some children can feel neglected when their mothers return to work.c. Children with wisdom know what they really need.d. Child therapists believe that the reasons for a childs behaviour are not always obvious.5. What is true according to the passage?a. Parental intervention will always make a child angry.b. Children are certain to feel wounded if they are left in daycare.c. All tantrums have a rational explanation.d. A child who screams may want to be told a story.VocabularyLook for the following words and phrases in the passage and look them up if necessary. Work out howto explain the meaning in English to the rest of the class.get your wayfall into lineinterveneto be entitledarousetriggerpotentiallyinitiatepredispositiontake something at face valueconcealreassureLanguage extraA. First have a look at these example sentences and then try to transform the sentences thatfollow using a structure from one of the examples.Having a parent who is alcoholic is a sad but common reason for a child to becomeconfused and insecure.Not knowing how to calm their children down, many parents quickly lose their temper.Being exposed to peer aggression at a daycare centre can cause the child to become moreaggressive.Having learned how to read the signs, parents are more able to deal with their difficultchildren.1. It is a recipe for disaster if parents simply give their children what they want.Simply ......................................................................................................................................2. What you have to do first of all is learn how to read the signs............................................................................................................................................3. Children are more likely to lose their tempers if they have a low emotional intelligence.(Clue: use the phrase ... means that ...)...................................................................................................................................4. It can aggravate the situation if the child is blamed for difficulties between the parents........................................................................................................................................................................5. He abandoned his wife because he wasnt ready to accept the responsibilities ofparenthood........................................................................................................................................................................6. Because he had already moved house once, he knew how lonely he was going to feel.............................................................................................................................................................B. Use you vivid imagination to complete the following sentences.Not having any brothers or sisters ...........................................................................Feeling lost and alone ...........................................................................Never having seen a frog before, ...........................................................................Having been brought up to believe that I deserved to be the centre of attention,.............................................................................................................................C. Here are some words and phrases for talking about things parents might do to their children.Use a good monolingual dictionary to make sure you know how to use them and then come upwith your own interesting examples. Share them with the rest of the class.scoldreprimandtell offdisciplineinstilconsoleallay a childs fearsset an exampleboost a childs self-esteemcrush a childs self-esteemDiscussion pointHow and to what extent do the media influence the behaviour of children? When debating this issuemany people have pointed to hugely popular programmes such as the Simpsons (a cartoon seriesthat took off in 1989 in the US). This was one of the programmes that really broke the mould. Itcompletely rejected the idea that a TV show should portray positive role models and promotewholesome family values. The son of the family, Bart (a name which is actually an anagram ofbrat), cheats, has no respect for authority figures, does not obey his parents, do his homework, orclean his room. His motto, "underachiever and proud of it," together with exclamations like "I'm BartSimpson, Who the Hell Are You?" were printed on T-shirts that were eagerly bought and worn bymillions of kids across the country. Some parents and educationalists have been vociferous in theiropposition to characters like Bart who do not convey the values of obedience, honesty and hard workwhich parents hope to instil in their impressionable children. What do you think?