acids –sour taste –change the color of an acid-base indicator –react with metals to form h 2...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acids and Bases
Chapters 14 and 15
![Page 2: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Properties of Acids/Bases
• Acids– Sour Taste– Change the color of an
acid-base indicator– React with metals to
form H2 gas
– React with bases to produce salts and water
– Conduct electric current.
• Bases– Taste Bitter– Change the color of an
acid-base indicator– Feel Slippery– React with acids to
produce salts and water
– Conduct electric current
![Page 3: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Examples of Common Acids/Bases
• Acids– Citric Acid (fruits)– Acetic Acid (vinegar)– Sulfuric Acid– Nitric Acid– Phosphoric Acid– Hydrochloric Acid
• Bases– Ammonia– Milk– General Cleaning (NaOH)– Soaps
![Page 4: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Naming Acids
• Binary Acids- acid that contains only two different elements. Hydrogen and one more– Hydro____ic acid
• HCl= hydrochloric acid• HBr= hydrobromic acid
![Page 5: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Naming Acids
• Oxyacid-an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element– Look on your reaction foldable or your naming
charts.– We wrote this information down back in
October.
![Page 6: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
• Arrhenius Acid- a chemical compound that increases the concentration of the hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solutions.– Form H3O+
• Arrhenius Base- a substance that increases that the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solutions
![Page 7: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Strength of Acids
• Strong: ionize 100% in water– Only 7 are Strong– All are strong electrolytes
• HI, HClO4, HBr, HCl, HClO3, H2SO4, HNO3
• Weak Acid: doesn’t ionize 100% in water– All of the other acids
![Page 8: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Strength of Bases
• Strong Bases: dissociates 100%– Only 8– Strong electrolytes
• Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, LiOH
• Weak Bases: doesn’t dissociate 100%– All of the others
![Page 9: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Homework
• Page 491 Numbers 3, 5, 8-11– On 8-11 Name and Classify as strong/weak
![Page 10: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Acid/Base Theories
• Bronsted-Lowry Acid- a molecule or ion that is a proton donor
• Bronsted-Lowry Base- a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor
• Water can act as both an acid and a base
![Page 11: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry
• Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs• Acid to form conjugate base it looses an H• Base to form conjugate acid it gains an H
• Amphoteric-species that can react as either an acid or a base
![Page 12: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bronsted-Lowry
• Monoprotic Acid- an acid that can donate only one H+
• Polyporitc acid is an acid that can donate more than one H+ over a series of steps.
![Page 13: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Strong Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions
• Strong Acid + Strong Base = Salt + water
• Look on page 492 Number 26
![Page 14: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Concept of pH
• When water self ionizes it forms an equilibrium reaction.
• K is a constant that represents equilibrium• Kw= ionization constant of water• Kw= 1.0 X 10-14
• Kw=[H3O+][OH-] AKA: Ka and Kb
![Page 15: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The pH Scale
• pH 0-14 This is based on powers of 10• <7 acid• >7 base• =7 neutral
![Page 16: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Formulas
• pH + pOH=14
• pH= -log [H3O+]
• [H3O+]=10-pH
• pOH= -log [OH-]• [OH-]= 10-pOH
• Kw= [H3O+] [OH-]
![Page 17: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Examples
• Determine the hydronium and hydroxide ion concentration in a solution that is 1E-4M HCl.
• 1E-3M HNO3
• 3.0E-2M NaOH
• 1.0 E-4 M Ca(OH)2
![Page 18: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Examples
• Determine the pH of the following species– 1.0 E-3M HCl
– 1.0 E-5 M HNO3
– 1.0 E-4 M NaOH– 1.0 E-2 M KOH
– Show all ways to work these
![Page 19: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Examples
• The pH of a solution is 5. What is the concentration of the hydronium ion?
• The pH of the solution is 12. What is the hydronium ion concentration?
• The pH is 1.5. Calculate the hydronium and hydroxide ion.
• The pH is 3.67 determine the hydronium and hydroxide ion.
![Page 20: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Homework
• Page 523 Numbers 8-15, 16 a,b
![Page 21: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Determining pH and Titrations
• Acid-Base indicators: compounds whose colors are sensitive to pH– Common indicators: methyl red, bromthymol
blue, methyl orange, bromphenol blue, phenolphthalein, phenol red
![Page 22: Acids –Sour Taste –Change the color of an acid-base indicator –React with metals to form H 2 gas –React with bases to produce salts and water –Conduct](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56469/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Determining pH and Titrations
• You can also use pH paper or a pH meter to give the pH of the solution without a color change.
• Talk about Titrations