pages 467 - 488 ch. 14 – acids, bases, & salts. properties taste sour. can sting skin if...
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Pages 467 - 488Pages 467 - 488
Ch. 14 – Acids, Bases, & SaltsCh. 14 – Acids, Bases, & Salts
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PropertiesProperties
Taste Sour. Can sting skin if open (cut).
React with metals to produce H2 gas.
Disassociate in water to produce ions that conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE)
Acids cause indicators to change color.Blue litmus paper turns red!
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PropertiesProperties
Taste Bitter. Feel slippery to touch. Do not react with metals. Disassociate in water to produce ions that
conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE) Bases cause indicators to change color.
Red litmus paper turns blue!
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•Arrhenius AcidsArrhenius Acids form hydrogen ions (H+)
• HCl (hydrochloric acid)HCl (hydrochloric acid)
• HNOHNO33 (nitric acid) (nitric acid)
• HCHC22HH33OO22 (acetic acid) (acetic acid)
• HH22SOSO44 (sulfuric acid) (sulfuric acid)
• HH22COCO33 (carbonic acid) (carbonic acid)
• HH33POPO44 (phosphoric acid) (phosphoric acid)
DefinitionsDefinitions
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•Arrhenius BasesArrhenius Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)
• NaOH (sodium hydroxide)NaOH (sodium hydroxide)• KOH (potassium hydroxide)KOH (potassium hydroxide)
• Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22 (magnesium hydroxide) (magnesium hydroxide)
• Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 (calcium hydroxide) (calcium hydroxide)
• Ba(OH)Ba(OH)22 (barium hydroxide) (barium hydroxide)
OH! It’s a base!
DefinitionsDefinitions
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Always produce water & a salt.
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HCl + NaOH HCl + NaOH NaCl + H NaCl + H22OO
ACID + BASE ACID + BASE SALT + WATER SALT + WATER
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Brønsted-LowryBrønsted-Lowry
HCl + H2O Cl – + H3O+
•AcidsAcids are hydrogen ion (H+) donors.
•BasesBases are hydrogen ion (H+) acceptors.
baseacid
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Brønsted-Lowry Acids & BasesBrønsted-Lowry Acids & BasesBrønsted-Lowry Acids & BasesBrønsted-Lowry Acids & Bases
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Types of Acids:Types of Acids:
• Monoprotic AcidsMonoprotic Acids – have 1 proton to donate.
• Diprotic AcidsDiprotic Acids – have 2 protons to donate.
• Triprotic AcidsTriprotic Acids – have 3 protons to donate.
HCl, HNO3, HF
H2SO4, H2CO3, H2S
H3PO4
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Conjugate Acid – Base PairsConjugate Acid – Base Pairs
When a base gains a proton, it becomes its conjugate acid.When a base gains a proton, it becomes its conjugate acid. When an acid loses a proton, it becomes its conjugate base.When an acid loses a proton, it becomes its conjugate base.
HCl + H2O Cl – + H3O+
conjugate acidconjugate base
baseacid
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Conjugate Acid – Base PairsConjugate Acid – Base Pairs
Pairs are joined together by the loss and gain of a proton.Pairs are joined together by the loss and gain of a proton. Acid & Base – Reactants side.Acid & Base – Reactants side. Conjugate Base & Conjugate Acid – Products side.Conjugate Base & Conjugate Acid – Products side.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
acidbase conjugateacid
conjugatebase
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Conjugate Acid – Base PairsConjugate Acid – Base Pairs
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Strength of Conjugate Acid-Base PairsStrength of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
The stronger the acid …
The weaker its conjugate base.
The weaker its conjugate acid.
The stronger the base …
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What part does water play?What part does water play?
H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3–
AcidBase
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What part does water play?What part does water play?
Water is amphoteric: can act as can act as
an acid or a an acid or a base.base.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
Base Acid
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Neutralize each other in what is called a Neutralization Reaction.
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Hydronium IonHydronium Ion
Produced when an acid dissociates in water and the water picks up the
hydrogen ion.
H3O+
H
HH H H
H
ClClO O
–+