acid and base chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) acids start with “h”...

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Acid and Base Chemistry

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Page 1: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acid and Base ChemistryAcid and Base Chemistry

Page 2: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Some Properties of Acids

Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water  (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion 

attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H”  (HCl, HNO3)

Taste sour            

Corrode metals

Electrolytes

React with bases to form neutral salt and water

pH is less than 7

Turns blue litmus paper to red  “Blue to Red A‐CID”

Page 3: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Some Properties of Bases

Produce OH‐ ions in water    Bases end in “OH”. NaOH Ca(OH)2

Taste bitter, chalky

Are electrolytes

Feel soapy, slippery

React with acids to form  neutral salts and water

pH greater than 7

Turns red litmus paper to blue     “Basic Blue”

Page 4: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt
Page 5: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acids and bases are all around us

Page 6: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acid and Bases

Page 7: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acid and Bases

Page 8: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Naming Acids and Bases

‐‐The name of a nonoxy acid ( Acid w/o Oxygen)‐‐Start with hydro‐‐‐Change –ide ending to –ic

Example: HBr = hydrobromic acid• HCl hydrochloric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid

Page 9: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Naming Acids and Bases

‐‐The name of an oxyacidStem of the anion (carbonate) changed to  ‐icacidHNO3 nitric acid 

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid• H2SO4 sulfuric acid• H2CO3 carbonic acid

Page 10: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

hydro- prefix-ic ending

2 elements

-ate endingbecomes-ic ending

-ite endingbecomes

-ous ending

no hydro- prefix

3 elements

ACIDSstart with 'H'

Page 11: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Naming Bases

Say the name of the cation and add hydroxide.

NaOH sodium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxideBa(OH)2 barium hydroxideMg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxideAl(OH)3 aluminum hydroxideMn(OH) 2 manganese (II) hydroxide

Page 12: Acid and Base Chemistry · 2018-01-04 · attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3) Taste sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with bases to form neutralsalt

Acid Base Neutralization Reactions

Acid + Base  Salt + Water

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

KOH + HCl H2O +     KCl

2Al(OH)3  + 3H2SO4 6H2O +   Al2(SO4)3

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 2H2O +   Ca(NO3)2

Ca(OH) 2 + H2CO3  2H2O +   CaCO3

H from acid and OH from base make HOH  (H2O ) 

The elements left over make up the salt  Na + Cl NaCl