aci - world safety seminar - 2008 national civil aviation
TRANSCRIPT
ACI - WORLD SAFETY SEMINAR - 2008
National Civil Aviation Agency – Brazil
METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY
LEVEL IN RESTRICTED AIRPORT SITES
Adival Magri Jr.Airport Planning and Development
Beijing, November 2008
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Introduction
This presentation cover:
The mission of National Civil Aviation Agency – Brazil (ANAC);
A overview of Air Transportation in Brazil;
The technical studies regarding:
Methodology for define declared distances and Runway End Safety Area (RESA) applications at São Paulo Congonhas Airport (study developed after Airbus A320 accident, 17/07/2007) presented at ICAO ADWG/5;
Methodology for Engineered Material Arresting System (EMAS) design and applications in restricted airport sites (in development) presented at ICAO ADW/6.
METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
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Some missions of ANAC:
Improve aviation safety, security regulation and inspectionsProvide clear and stable regulations where necessaryImprove transparency and accountabilitySimplify the Agency’s proceedings
Some priority targets of ANAC:
Maximize the efficiency of the airport infrastructureFollow the best practices of the civil aviation agencies around the world
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METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
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The Air Transportation in Brazil:
Aerodromes: 3.500Public: 750 Private: 2.750Airports network: 67 (INFRAERO)Air traffic: 97 % Passengers in 2007: 110.000.000 (total)Domestic: 89% International: 11% São Paulo: 30% of TotalSão Paulo Congonhas Airport: 13% domestic flightsSão Paulo Guarulhos Airport: 17% dom./intl. flights
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METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
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The São Paulo Congonhas Airport:
…is the busiest domestic airport in Brazil. The largest aircraft thatregularly use the runway are the Boeing 737-800 and the Airbus A320.
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METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
São Paulo Congonhas Airport
1.750m 60m130m
Runway characteristics
1.430m60m
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Detailed Methodology:
Aircraft performance study was executed to determine specify declared distances for TORA/ASDA/TODA/LDA;The flight route limit of 1.500km was considered; The variable used for aircraft performance analyses: Payload: maximum passenger + cargo (considering first passengers weight); A comparative LDA study was elaborated for dry and wet runway conditions to viability security operations according recommended actions by ICAO Annex 14.
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METHODOLOGY FOR DECLARED DISTANCES
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Identify aircraft operations based on scheduled flights
no runway restrictions
RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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Take-off analyses: The data was evaluated and analyzed for take-off considering destination at 1,000 and 1,500km away.
For both routes was calculated the maximum passengers and cargo load for each aircraft and flight destination considering following conditions:winds calm; wet and dry runway; temperatures between 16º and 32º Celsius;TODA/TORA/ASDA: 1,640 and 1,790m runway length.
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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Example for Takeoff Analysis: Passenger (PAX)1,000km flight - Boeing 737-800 SFP (short field performance)
RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
13Source : Software Flight Planning and Performance Manual, Boeing.
Example for Takeoff Analysis: PAX + CARGO1,000km flight - Boeing 737-800 SFP
RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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Example for Takeoff Analysis: PAX + CARGO1,500km flight - Boeing 737-800 Short Field Performance
RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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Take-off distances: TORA 1,790m + 150m of clearway, TODA = 1,940m
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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In takeoff operations at 17R , used 130m for takeoff and RESA will be 150m. ASDAwould be 130m + 1,660m = 1,790m
The same resulted for 35L, where: 60m + 1,730m = 1,790m for ASDA
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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Influence of LDA in total seats available
Landing analyses: The data was evaluated and analyzed for landing considering runway 17R and aircraft from airports at 1,000 and 1,500km away.
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Maximum: weekly seats available Runway LDA length restrictions 1,640, 1,660, 1,730m considering wet runway.
Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3: seats reduction for airline-aircraft in total seats weekly available.
RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
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NOTE: Landing marks distance is 60m off runway, and RESA: 220m.
NOTE: Establish distance to provide RESA: 150m, LDA: 1,660m for 17R
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
LDA 35R/17R
NOTE: ILS had not been dislocated given the operational cost. The visual aids continues originally indicate as final landing slope.
1.660 m
1.660 m
220 m
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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications
Declared distances - NOTAM
17R 35L
TORA TODA ASDA LDA
RWY 17R: 1,790m 1,940m 1,790m 1,660mRWY 35L: 1,790m 1,940m 1,790m 1,660m
NOTAM: 12/03/2009
1.6601.790
1.940
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The EMAS design: Preliminary study
The EMAS must be designed to decelerate the design aircraft;The ANAC is considering the installation of EMAS in São Paulo CongonhasThe aircraft runway exit speed of 70 knots is considered a standard based on FAA’s Advisory Circular 150/5220-22A;This requirement imposes a minimum length of EMAS that in restricted airport sites is difficult to achieve.
The EMAS design by ANAC: Study on progress
The ANAC decided simulate the exit speed in overrun using CAE Flight Simulators for Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-800;The simulations will give the real exit speed in case of overrun caused by poor brakes and thrust reverse off.
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METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN
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The distance available for EMAS at runway 17R is: 84 meters
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METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN: PRELIMINARY STUDY
According Zodiac (EMAS provider) this EMAS available bed stop the
aircraft code C and D in exit speed of 70 knots
The distance available for EMAS at runway 35R is: 65 meters
According Zodiac (EMAS provider) this EMAS available bed stop the
aircraft code C and D in exit speed of 40 knots
METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN: PRELIMINARY STUDY
METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN BY ANAC
The flight simulations:
The ANAC decided simulate the exit speed on overrun using CAE Flight Simulators for Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-800;The GOL and TAM Airlines offered the pilots to realize the simulations.
The ANAC define the critical scenery to simulations :
Runway characteristics: LDA and slope (Congonhas Airport);Aircraft characteristics: code, MLW, landing speed (VREF 95%);Aircraft configurations: full flaps, ground spoiler open, no brakes, thrust reverse off;Weather conditions: ISA + 17º C., wet runway, winds calm.
METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN BY ANAC
The flight simulations results after 12 landings in each runway:
Landing on runway 17R the average exit speed in the 35L:
Airbus A320: 89 knotsBoeing 737-800: 95 knots
Landing on runway 35L the average exit speed in the 17R:
Airbus A320: 88 knotsBoeing 737-800: 93 knots
Aircrafts configurations:MLW (according declared distances), full flaps, ground spoiler open, no brakes, thrust reverse off.
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CONCLUSIONS:Based on declared distances methodology:
TORA/TODA/ASDA for main runway 1,790m makes possible the direct flight routes between Congonhas and Airports located until 1,500km.Regarding LDA, the present study evidenced that 1,640m for declared distance in wet condition imposes 3,94% of operational restriction for available seats, preserving security areas with superior lengths of 150m and RESA.
Based on EMAS design ANAC methodology:
Based on simulations results the available area for EMAS is insufficient based on this emergency simulations;According this simulations, the EMAS length for this runway maximum exit speed will be 115 meters (25 meters of set-back); The ANAC will continue this work to sizing EMAS length and propose this application for this restricted airport site.
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METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES
Acknowledgements:
Airports Council InternationalCapital Airports Holding CompanyBeijing Capital International Airport Co., Ltd.China Civil Airports Association
CAE Aviation Training Centre - BrazilTAM AirlinesGOL Airlines
Adival Magri Jr.Airport Planning and Developmente-mail: [email protected]