Accident Prevention for Automobiles

with Eyeblink and Alcohol Sensor

Aim:

To built an intelligent vehicle with safety measures, to Prevent

Accidents of vehicles.

Features in the Project:

Accident Indication:

Suppose if any accident is detected, it can be indicated to a nearest

hospital. This is implemented using an Infrared sensor. The vehicle consist

of a IR Transmitter and the IR Receiver is placed in two different zones.

When the vehicle comes into contact with the IR receiver, that will be

indicated to the system and the zone information is passed to the remote

place. This is shown by glowing different LEDs for different zones.

Alcohol Sensing:

An alcohol sensor is included in the vehicle for sensing whether the

driver has consumed alcohol. If consumed, then vehicle will be stopped

automatically by controlling the motors.

Sleep Detection:

Further more we can use an Eye blink Sensor, which can be fixed to

the drivers, Head, to monitor whether the driver has slept, or about to sleep,

so that we can alert the driver by vibrating the driver seat using DC Motors.

For project Demonstration we have implemented a small model with

Sensors fixed to it.

Power Supply:

PIC MicrocontrollerPIC 16F877

Motor Driver

DC Motor for Vehicle

Power Supply

Motor Power Supply

Alarm

Relay

Eye Blink Sensor

Signal Conditioning

Circuits

Alcohol Sensor

LED1

LED2

Motor Driver

DC Motor for Seat Vibr

Motor Power Supply

Relay

Uses to generate DC +12V, +5V Power supply from the give 230V

AC Supply

Eye Blink Sensor:

Used to convert the eye blink action into voltage pulses for every

blink.

Signal Conditioning Circuits:

Used to convert the voltage pulses delivered from the eye blink sensor

to ttl level signals which should be given to a microcontroller for processing.

Alcohol Sensor:

Produces voltage ouput according the alcohol sensing level.

Motor Driver:

The signal output from the controller is not sufficient to drive a DC

Motor. So a current amplification is necessary before giving to the motor. So

the motor driver board is used

Motor Power Supply:

Used to generate the motor power supply of +12V DC from the 230V

AC Supply.

Relay:

Used to switch on/off the power supply of the motor, as decided by the

controller.

LED1 and LED2:

Used to indicate the status whether the vehicle has stopped due to the

Alcohol sensor, or the driver has slept by monitoring the Eye blink sensor

Alarm:

Alarm is enabled whenever there is fault condition.

PIC 16F877 Microcontroller:

Core Features:

• High performance RISC CPU

• Only 35 single word instructions to learn

• All single cycle instructions except for program Branches which are two

cycle

• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input

DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

• Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,

Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)

• Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes

• Power-on Reset (POR)

• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

• Processor read/write access to program memory

• Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

• Low-power consumption:

- < 0.6 mA typical @ 3V, 4 MHz

- < 1 µA typical standby current

Peripheral Features:

• Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

• Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during

SLEEP

• Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and

postscaler

• 10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master mode) and

12C(Master/Slave)

• Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI)

with 9-bit address detection

• Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with external RD, WR and CS

controls (40/44-pin only)