About the Author

Riccardo Manzini is Associate Professor of Logistics for the Department ofIndustrial and Mechanical Engineering at University of Bologna, Italy. Professorof Reliability and Maintenance at University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.His academic research deals with planning, design, optimization and control ofproduction systems (both industrial and service systems) with particular referenceto logistics systems, storage systems, supply chain and distribution networks,reliability modelling and maintenance system management. Author of manyscientific and technical papers and contributions on logistics, maintenance andreliability engineering, production systems design and optimization. He is thefirst author of the book: Manzini R., Regattieri A., Pham H., Ferrari E. (2010)Maintenance for Industrial Systems. London: Springer London Ltd., 978-1-84882-574-1. He is the originator and chairman of the International Workshop on FoodSupply Chain (www.foodsupplychain.diem.unibo.it). He has carried out severalresearch projects in co-operation with–and funded by–private and public compa-nies on logistics, industrial plants and maintenance problems.

R. Manzini (ed.), Warehousing in the Global Supply Chain,DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2274-6, � Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012

475

Index

A3-class-based, 280, 475ABC curve, 261–263, 268, 281, 282, 475Accuracy, 8–12, 15, 24, 154, 162, 166, 196,

264, 287, 289, 346, 434, 444,458–460, 475

A-frame, 1, 3, 19, 23, 24, 470, 475A-frame dispenser, 1, 3, 19, 23, 24, 470, 475Aggregation, 40, 47, 48, 50, 51, 300, 308,

381, 475Aisle-by-aisle, 142–144, 148–151, 475Aisles, 5, 6, 8, 22, 30, 33, 36, 55, 57–65,

67–69, 73, 75, 77, 84, 85, 88, 92, 99,100, 107, 108, 110, 114, 117–119, 125,127, 136, 140–143, 145, 147–151, 154,155, 162, 163, 168, 169, 174, 177, 178,180, 212, 214, 216, 217, 220, 225, 229,233, 234, 236–238, 240–242, 250–258,285, 293, 294, 298, 304, 312, 325, 326,378, 386, 389, 390, 397–400, 402, 412,418, 424, 429, 436, 437, 439–441,444–446, 449–451, 460, 475

Algorithm, 65, 66, 94, 98, 106, 109, 115, 116,119–128, 130, 131, 134–137, 142, 178,187, 188, 190, 191, 195–201, 203,205–207, 211, 212, 216, 218, 219, 225,226, 229, 233–237, 244, 245–259, 264,289, 302–304, 308, 311, 336, 346–351,353–355, 357–361, 363, 365–367, 369,370, 373, 381, 388, 393, 405, 410, 414,422–424, 475, 476, 479

ANOVA, 211, 288, 312, 314, 318–321, 328,337, 341, 475

Ant-colony, 360, 361, 363, 475Approximate analytical model, 287, 475Artificial intelligence, 136, 343, 346, 360,

370, 475

AS/RS, 57, 107, 128, 145, 159–183, 186–208,211, 214–216, 218–221, 223, 225–231,233–237, 259–265, 271, 277, 279–283,285, 286, 288, 315, 337, 339, 374, 375,383, 396, 469, 470, 475–478

AS-IS, 416–421, 427–429, 443, 445, 446,448–453, 475

ASRS (see AS/RS), 475Assessment, 364, 427, 431, 432, 436, 438–440,

443, 457–459, 461, 463–465, 467–469,471, 473, 475

Assignment problem, 38, 195, 235, 374, 375,475, 478

Automated guided vehicle, 161Automated item retrieval system, 475Automated storage and retrieval system, 34,

107, 145, 159, 161–163, 165, 167,169, 171, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183,185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197,199, 201, 203, 205–209, 211, 213,215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227,229–231, 233, 259, 261, 283, 285,337, 374, 396, 469, 475

Automation, 8, 9, 18, 23, 61, 166, 204, 205,214, 217, 234, 285, 286, 395, 454,467, 475

Autonomous vehicle, 166, 179, 205, 206, 286,313, 338, 339, 475

AVS/RS, 179, 286–289, 291–295, 300, 302,304, 305, 307, 311–314, 316, 317,325–327, 336–338, 475

BBackward line, 76–78, 80–83, 475Balancing, 5, 74, 432, 475Barcode, 94, 460, 475

R. Manzini (ed.), Warehousing in the Global Supply Chain,DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2274-6, � Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012

477

B (cont.)Batch picking, 4, 5, 17, 92, 109, 136, 387, 388,

398, 469, 470, 475Batch scheduling, 128, 475Bee-colony, 364–366, 475Benchmarking, 10, 12, 13, 30, 473, 475Bin packing, 401, 402, 410, 423, 424, 475Bin shelving, 1–3, 9, 14, 15, 475Block stacking, 2, 33, 475Broken-case pick, 3, 4, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17,

386, 475Bucket brigade, 5, 71–85, 88,

475, 477Bucket Brigades, 5, 72–77, 79–85, 475Building cost, 218, 475Bulk storage, 3, 429, 463, 475

CCabinet, 1, 3, 13–15, 19, 163, 475, 476Carousel, 1, 3, 8, 9, 19–22, 24–27, 30, 57, 164,

165, 374, 469, 470, 475, 476, 478Carton, 2, 3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 16, 18, 34, 75, 164,

466, 475Case pick, 3, 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16–19, 68, 386,

426, 453, 475Case Study, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 140,

191, 280, 281, 373, 375, 379, 384, 386,388–391, 393–395, 399–401, 406–408,410–412, 414, 416, 417, 422, 425, 427,448, 475

Cellular bucket brigades, 73, 75, 77,79–85, 475

Chebyshev, 170, 174, 182, 194, 204, 375,383, 475

Class based storage, 7, 283, 396, 454, 475Class-based, 7, 25, 51, 88, 125, 126, 144, 145,

155, 175, 180, 183, 187–192, 196, 200,204, 205, 207–209, 215, 216, 231,261–263, 266, 279, 280, 282, 283, 289,338, 378, 396, 450, 475

Cleanliness, 458, 459, 475Closed-queuing network, 475Closest open location, 7, 30, 42, 50, 51, 88,

186, 187, 189, 455, 475Clustering, 102, 135, 206, 259, 373, 381, 382,

388, 390, 393, 422, 427, 436, 441, 475COI, 45, 51, 69, 155, 186, 188, 376, 378, 379,

382, 407, 475Command cycle, 25–30, 34, 36, 60, 171, 172,

207, 212, 213, 236, 261–263, 270, 272,282, 283, 288, 475

Composite routing, 65, 67, 68, 475Consisting, 4

Container, 2–5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 24–26, 29, 31, 33,34, 51, 102, 103, 162, 164, 173, 174, 178,204, 207, 402, 423, 424, 465, 466, 475

Continuous rack, 170, 171, 173, 182, 475Control policies, 56, 140, 148, 159, 160,

168–170, 172, 181, 195, 196, 203, 475Conveyors, 1, 3, 17, 18, 162, 165, 166, 179,

185, 214, 216, 217, 219, 234, 236, 285,286, 316, 466, 475

Coordination, 74, 214, 427, 465, 466, 475Correlated storage, 373–375, 377–381, 383,

385, 387, 389–391, 393, 395, 475Correlation, 6, 47, 49, 121, 373, 374, 379, 381,

389–394, 468, 475CPU time, 245, 250–258, 476Cross-aisle, 57, 59–68, 73, 145, 146, 148, 149,

151, 154, 383, 476Crossover, 124, 226, 227, 246–249, 251, 349,

350, 352–356, 366, 476, 477Cube per order index, 376, 396, 476Cube-per-order, 51, 155, 188, 205, 476Current-aisle heuristic, 476Customer satisfaction, 92, 459, 476Cycle time, 3, 9, 11, 12, 26, 28–30, 170, 173,

175, 180, 187, 190–192, 194, 204, 206,215, 236, 261, 262, 264, 270, 272, 275,276, 279, 283, 288, 289, 311, 312, 315,316, 323, 325, 327, 329, 330–332,335–338, 343, 476

DData mining, 115, 121, 126, 476Dedicated storage, 7, 25, 36, 41–45, 51, 88, 144,

177, 178, 182, 187–189, 195, 196,206–208, 234, 259, 260, 283, 378,446, 476

Deep-lane AS/RS, 164, 168, 176, 476Demand skewness, 147, 148, 150, 154, 476Depot, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66, 107–109, 111, 117,

129, 135, 141–146, 197, 378, 403, 429,431, 449–451, 476

Design of experiment, 287, 288, 312, 476Design decisions, 167, 168Distribution center, 8, 71–73, 75, 79, 87, 155,

159, 162, 233, 467, 476Distribution network, 56, 476Downstream sortation, 5, 11, 18, 476Drawer cabinet, 1, 3, 13–15, 476Drive-in, 57, 476Dual-command, 34, 60, 64, 69, 136,

170, 476Duration of stay, 48, 49, 51, 476Duration-of-stay, 40, 48, 49, 189, 190

478 Index

Dwell-point policy, 181, 183, 203, 207, 237, 476Dynamic programming, 110, 476

EEfficiency, 3, 4, 7–10, 13, 14, 17, 25, 31, 32, 48,

55–57, 60–62, 64, 69, 105, 108, 140,141, 144, 155, 159, 166, 179, 186, 193,201, 213–216, 219, 225, 235, 251, 258,289, 343, 346, 354, 373, 396, 424, 426,427, 457–459, 462–465, 467, 468, 476

Electronic commerce, 87–89, 476Environment, 2, 6, 8, 10–12, 31, 73, 128, 131,

132, 145, 147, 154, 155, 159, 169, 177,190, 193–195, 285, 315, 341–343,346–349, 358, 360, 361, 458, 459, 476

Equipment cost, 218, 223, 476Ergonomics, 459, 460, 476Evolutionary computation, 341, 346–348, 358,

369, 476Experimental analysis, 388–390, 476Experimental algorithm, 244

FFactoring condition, 37Financial term, 10, 476First-come-first-served, 193, 476First-in first-out, 44, 476Fishbone, 64–69, 136, 476Fitness, 124, 131, 245–248, 343, 348, 353,

354, 357–359, 476Flexibility, 145, 167, 176, 180, 195, 217,

279, 285, 288, 341, 342, 458, 459,467, 468, 476

Flow rack, 1–3, 9, 13, 15, 16, 57, 165, 476Forklift, 33, 397–407, 411, 412, 414–416, 418,

422, 430, 431, 444, 460, 461, 476Forward, 6–8, 15, 18, 32, 76–84, 89, 109, 113,

115, 178, 186, 234, 328, 378, 383, 386,387, 395, 428, 429, 434, 436–441,445–449, 451, 463, 476

Forward line, 76–78, 80–82, 476Free-form picking, 5, 476F-test, 318, 476Full-turnover, 144, 175, 187–189, 191, 192,

206, 216, 236, 283, 476

GGenetic algorithm, 124, 126, 131, 136, 196,

211, 216, 229, 233–235, 245–247, 249,251, 257–259, 347–351, 353–355, 357,358, 365, 366, 369, 370, 476

Genotype, 245, 348, 352, 354, 476Gravity flow rack, 1, 3, 9, 13, 15, 16, 476

HHandling system, 8, 9, 159–161, 167, 168,

177, 179, 229, 233, 416, 476Heuristic, 7, 40, 62, 65, 88, 106, 109, 115, 116,

121, 123–128, 131, 136, 142–144, 148,155, 179, 180, 189, 193–200, 203, 207,216, 226, 233, 235, 236, 244, 258, 259,263, 264, 283, 345, 363, 388, 405, 423,424, 476

Honey combing loss, 34Horizontal carousel, 21, 27, 476Hygiene, 459, 460, 476

II/O, 47, 108, 162–165, 168, 170, 172, 174,

180–189, 191, 194, 199, 200, 201, 203,204, 211, 214, 215, 217, 220, 234,236–241, 264–266, 269, 272, 288, 291,293–296, 298, 299, 312, 313, 315–325,327, 335, 336, 378, 383, 384, 386, 387,449, 450, 452, 476

Information technology, 32, 428, 476Inner packs, 2, 476Input/output, 7, 25–27, 37, 38, 108, 162, 186,

187, 211, 234, 239, 261, 262, 264, 414,476

Integer programming, 39, 121, 126, 129, 136,177, 476

Interleaving, 7, 60, 155, 193, 194, 205, 230,282, 288, 312, 316, 317, 338, 476, 477

Inventory management, 41, 234, 395, 476Initialization, 246Industrial storage systems, 341Iso-time mapping, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381,

383–385, 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 476

JJaccard, 379, 388–390, 393, 476Just-in-time, 89, 128, 476

KKPI, 12, 446, 451, 476

LLabour cost, 105, 106, 111, 218, 285, 343, 476Land cost, 218, 476

Index 479

L (cont.)Largest Gap, 62, 88, 93, 110, 112, 126, 142,

143, 148–151, 154, 476Layout, 1–51, 53, 55–69, 71–85, 87–103,

105–137, 139–155, 157, 159–209,211–231, 233–283, 285–339, 341–371,373–455, 457–473, 475–479

Lead time, 105, 111, 190, 426, 453, 463, 476Load shuffling, 168, 199–201, 205, 476Local search, 121–124, 423, 476Location, 2–9, 12, 13, 16–19, 22, 23, 25–28,

30–34, 36–46, 48–51, 58–61, 64, 65,67–69, 72, 73, 88, 89, 93, 97, 99, 100,105–112, 114–119, 125–128, 130–133,135, 139–142, 144–150, 152–155, 160,163, 165, 166, 168–170, 172, 174,180–183, 186–191, 193, 194, 196,198–201, 203–208, 211, 214, 217, 218,220, 233–237, 239–241, 244, 246, 247,250, 258, 262, 264–266, 272, 282, 283,286, 288, 292–296, 298, 312, 313,315–317, 325, 335, 336, 348, 353, 354,357, 361–365, 373–376, 378–380,382–392, 394–402, 404, 407, 414, 415,422, 427, 435–442, 444–455, 460, 461,463, 466, 470, 475–479

Logistic cost, 379, 476, 479Logistics reengineering process, 425–429,

431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445,447, 449, 451, 453–455, 476

Lowest tier first, 189, 476Low-level, 69, 107, 135, 374, 378, 380, 383,

445, 449, 454, 476

MMaintenance cost, 218, 462, 476Man-aboard, 107, 199, 374, 476Man-on-board AS/RS, 164, 168, 169, 176,

178, 197, 198, 476Matrix-geometric method, 476Metaheuristics, 106, 115, 121, 136, 423, 476Mid-point, 88, 477Miniload, 1, 3, 7, 9, 12, 19, 21–24, 27–30, 164,

165, 168, 173, 178–180, 191, 192, 196,205, 207, 235, 259, 282, 283, 374, 467,469, 470, 477

Miniload AS/RS, 164, 165, 168, 173, 178, 179,191, 196, 235, 477

Minimization, 62, 111, 132, 134, 135, 216,247, 343, 398, 449, 477

Mobile rack, 57, 477

Multiple-block, 57, 62, 139–143, 145, 147,149, 151, 153, 155, 477

Mutation, 124, 226, 227, 246–251, 347–350,352–354, 356, 357, 366, 388, 477

NNearest subaisle, 150, 152, 153, 477Nearest-location, 145, 146, 148, 149,

152–154, 477Nearest-neighbor, 173, 186, 194, 235, 477Nonlinear model, 216, 477Nonlinear programming, 61, 62, 87, 94, 95, 98,

99, 102, 477NP-hard, 7, 112, 197, 353, 477Numerical example, 99, 377, 477

OObjective function, 37, 95, 121–123, 129–131,

134, 177, 211, 215–218, 220, 224, 226,227, 229, 237, 241–243, 245, 247, 402,410, 412, 477

Open queuing network, 286, 289, 290,338, 477

Opportunistic interleaving, 288, 317, 477Optimization, 8, 34, 35, 62, 113–115, 127,

128, 131, 136, 155, 177, 178, 180, 204,205, 208, 211, 216–218, 220, 226, 227,229, 230, 236, 245, 247, 337, 341–351,353–355, 357–361, 363–370, 397–399,401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413,415–419, 421, 423–425, 477, 479

Order batching, 61, 102, 105–107, 109,111–115, 117, 119, 121–125, 127–129,131–137, 155, 197, 199, 206, 207, 235,236, 427, 455, 477

Order closing Index, 376, 477Order completion, 376, 477Order fill rate, 88, 102, 477Order picker trucks, 1, 3, 17, 19, 20, 439, 477Order picking, 1–13, 15, 17, 19–25, 27, 29–31,

34, 40, 41, 51, 69, 85, 87–89, 91–95,97–99, 101–103, 105–107, 109, 111,113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125–129,131–137, 139–141, 143, 145, 147, 149,151, 153, 155, 166, 178, 192, 196, 197,204–206, 229, 230, 233–238, 241,246–250, 258, 259, 264, 282, 283, 343,373–376, 386–388, 395–398, 418, 423,424, 428, 429, 438–440, 445, 454, 455,473, 477, 236, 241

480 Index

PP/D point, 89–91, 93, 94, 99, 102, 477Packing, 2, 16, 87, 89, 94, 102, 400–402,

405–407, 410, 411, 414, 416, 422–424,426, 429, 433, 440, 443, 475, 477

Pallet rack, 2, 13, 17, 19, 33, 35, 36, 57, 58,386, 429, 431, 460, 477

Pareto analysis, 405, 407, 422, 477Partially matched crossover, 477Particle swarm optimization, 358–360, 365,

366, 370, 477Performance, 1, 3–8, 10–13, 17, 24, 30–32, 36,

40, 47–51, 57, 61, 68, 69, 72, 75, 79,82, 85, 88, 89, 92, 93, 106, 124–126,132, 134, 137, 148, 153–155, 167, 168,170, 173, 178–181, 183, 186–190, 192,194–196, 198, 199, 201–208, 211, 216,233, 235, 236, 244, 250–259, 261, 262,279, 282, 283, 286–289, 291, 297,302–305, 311, 312, 314, 315, 317, 319,320, 322, 325–328, 335–338, 342, 358,373, 375, 378, 379, 387, 388, 390, 391,393, 395, 396, 411, 415, 425, 426, 428,454, 455, 458, 459, 461, 462, 468, 470,473, 477

Phenotype, 348, 477Pick density, 4, 62, 67, 75, 85, 477Pick line, 4, 7, 11, 12, 26, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82,

378, 477Pick list, 4, 26, 108, 111, 139, 152–154, 398,

402, 449, 477Pick path problem, 8, 477Pick time, 28, 29, 84, 111, 133, 173, 192, 477Pick-by-batch, 109, 477Pick-by-order, 109, 197, 477Picker-to-stock, 1, 3–5, 7, 8, 13, 16, 26, 477Picking cost, 61, 388, 452, 477Picking distance, 477Picking zone, 4, 5, 62, 92, 155, 386, 387, 477Pick-to-light, 9, 17, 21, 477Popularity, 6, 376, 378, 379, 382, 391, 392,

394, 395, 441, 442, 444, 447–449, 451,453, 477

Population-based Approache, 124, 477Priority list, 382, 383, 477Product based storage model, 477Product based storage policy, 44Productivity, 10, 12, 18, 19, 64, 71, 72, 74, 79,

83, 84, 204, 233, 343, 440, 453, 465,467, 477

Profiling, 5, 386, 477Progressive assembly, 5, 18, 477

Pseudocode, 115, 119, 120, 477Put-away, 2, 6, 8, 31, 41, 50, 477

QQuality, 1–3, 5, 6, 11, 13, 89, 116, 125, 128,

152, 160, 195, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364,425, 426, 430, 445, 454, 458, 459, 461,465, 467, 468, 477, 479

Questionnaire, 468, 470, 477Queue size, 11, 12, 316, 477Queuing model, 195, 263, 288, 477

RRack storage, 2, 33, 58, 477Random retrieval time window, 477Random storage, 42Rank-based ant system, 477Receiving, 2, 6, 9, 38, 40, 56, 88, 290,

374, 399, 426, 427, 429–431, 433–436,445, 460–462, 465,466, 477, 479

Rectangular in time, 261, 262, 477Reengineering, 425–429, 431, 433, 435, 437,

439, 441, 443, 445, 447, 449, 451,453–455, 476, 477

Regression analysis, 13, 287–289, 312,325–328, 330, 337, 338, 477

Replenishment, 15, 24, 41, 43, 46–49, 188,190, 197, 265, 463, 477

Representation, 246Reserve, 6–8, 31, 32, 48, 74, 144, 188, 189,

293, 316, 378, 383–386, 395, 429, 433,435–437, 444–449, 451,453, 477

Residence based, 477Restocking, 2, 6, 7, 13, 14, 28, 386, 437, 446,

447, 453, 477Return, 22, 25–27, 62, 65, 68, 88, 92, 93, 107,

108, 110, 111, 123, 129, 142, 143, 145,170, 181–183, 185, 240, 290–292, 316,343, 360, 364, 386, 412, 459, 465, 466,477, 480

Routing, 57, 61–63, 65–69, 87–89, 92–95, 97,102, 109–114, 119, 125–128, 131, 132,135, 136, 139, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148,150–155, 208, 235, 236, 259, 260, 290,291, 297–300, 304, 343, 374, 386, 388,389, 393, 395–397, 399–403, 405–407,411, 412, 415, 416, 418, 422–424, 442,443, 445, 475, 477–479

Index 481

SS/R machineSafety, 32, 40–44, 46, 48, 212–214, 224,

228, 313, 343, 395, 458, 459,460, 477

Search time, 117, 477Seed, 115–117, 119–121, 125, 126, 130,

197–199, 477Sensitivity analysis, 477Sequencing, 7, 26, 27, 30, 60, 74, 106, 130,

131, 159, 168, 169, 178, 180, 188,193–197, 199, 203–207, 209, 214, 234,235, 259, 263, 264, 282, 283, 315, 374,388, 398, 477

Serial bucket brigade, 72–76Serpentine path, 79, 80, 82–84, 477Setup time, 111, 477Shape factor, 29, 60, 170, 170, 184, 187, 199,

250–255, 257, 258, 263, 265, 269, 272,279, 281, 281, 477

Shared, 40, 51, 189, 190, 205, 206, 365, 477Shipment, 2, 12, 89, 106, 214, 428, 429, 431,

439, 441, 443, 468, 477Shipping, 2, 6, 9, 12, 38, 40, 45, 56, 61, 76, 87,

88, 127, 374, 385, 386, 399, 426, 429,430, 440, 441, 443, 459–463, 466,477, 479

Shortest processing time, 130, 189, 477Similarity, 119, 198, 235, 373, 374, 379–382,

388, 390, 393, 395, 396, 454, 477Simulation, 33, 42, 45, 47, 49, 51, 57, 65, 67,

71, 73, 75, 76, 79, 82, 84, 139, 140,148, 177–180, 183, 186–190, 192–196,198, 200, 201, 206–208, 215, 230, 235,250, 261–264, 279, 281–283, 286–289,300, 304–307, 310–314, 316, 317, 325,327, 336–338, 342–345, 347, 369, 388,390, 391, 393, 452, 477

Single command, 25, 34, 36, 64, 65, 68,212, 213, 215, 236, 262, 270,282, 316, 477

Single order picking, 4, 7, 17, 197, 386, 387,388, 429, 439, 445, 477

Single-block, 140, 142, 145, 478Single-deep, 33, 35, 165, 478Single-shuttle, 171–174, 478Sizing problem, 41, 51, 478Skewness factor, 279, 478SKU (see sku), 478Sku (see stock keeping unit), 478Slotting, 6, 8, 478Sort-after-picking, 4, 478Sortation, 4, 5, 11, 17, 18, 476, 478Sort-while-picking, 4, 478

Space utilization, 15, 23, 88, 89, 144, 176,188, 478

Square in time, 262, 478S-shape, 61, 62, 65–68, 88, 110, 114, 126,

132, 142, 143, 148, 149, 151, 478Stacker crane, 50, 159, 163–178, 180–183,

190, 191, 194–196, 198–201, 203, 204,230, 478

Static shelving, 13, 14, 19, 478Steel rack, 33, 478Stock keeping unit, 4, 37, 93, 374, 428,

429, 478Stock-to-picker, 1, 3, 5, 12, 19, 478Storage, 1–8, 10, 12–16, 19–22, 24–51, 53,

55–61, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 87–89, 93,94, 99–102, 105–110, 112, 114–118,125–128, 130–133, 135, 136, 139–155,157, 159, 161–197, 199–201, 203–209,211–223, 225–231, 233–239, 246, 250,251, 258–265, 268, 282, 283, 285–289,291–301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311–319,321, 323, 325–327, 329, 331, 333,335–339, 341, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351,353, 355, 357, 359, 361, 363, 365, 367,369, 373–381, 383–398, 404, 407,411–414, 418, 423, 428, 429, 431,435–439, 441, 445–451, 453, 454, 459,461–464, 466–470, 475–479

Storage allocation, 180, 190, 208, 262, 282,373–375, 380, 383, 387, 389, 390, 392,394, 395, 445–448, 450, 453, 454,478, 479

Storage assignment, 51, 109, 136, 139–141,143–155, 159, 168, 169, 175, 187, 188,190–193, 199–201, 203–206, 208, 214,215, 230, 236, 282, 283, 373–375,377–381, 383, 385, 387–391, 393, 395,447, 449, 453, 478

Storage policies, 7, 28, 30, 33, 35, 40, 41–45,48–51, 65, 87, 93, 133, 144, 145, 148,150–155, 180, 187–189, 192, 196, 200,208, 215, 216, 230, 236, 289, 293, 312,314, 327, 378, 379, 423

Storage policy, 7, 28, 30, 33, 35, 40–45,48–51, 65, 87, 93, 133, 144, 145, 148,150–155, 180, 187–189, 192, 196, 200,208, 215, 216, 230, 236, 281, 293, 312,314, 327, 378, 379, 423

Storage positioning, 375, 383, 478Storage rack facility cost, 218, 478Storage system, 2, 3, 7, 16, 31–41, 43–45,

47–51, 53, 56, 57, 157, 161, 164–166,178, 180, 192, 203, 206, 209, 218, 229,263, 283, 285–287, 289, 291, 293, 295,

482 Index

297, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311,313, 315, 317, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327,329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343,345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 355, 357, 359,361, 363, 365, 367, 369, 378, 383, 386,391, 395, 463, 478, 479

Storage/retrieval, 1, 3, 8, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27–30,60, 135, 162, 164, 166, 179, 204–208,233, 259, 260, 262, 282, 283, 292, 338,384, 478

Supply chain, 1, 31, 50, 55, 56, 71, 87, 105,106, 136, 137, 139, 159, 211, 233, 261,285, 286, 341, 373, 395–397, 424–427,429, 430, 453–455, 457, 458, 466, 475,478, 479

Survey, 69, 75, 85, 105, 137, 174, 201, 208,230, 235, 236, 259, 260, 285, 338, 396,403, 422, 478

Swarm intelligence, 341, 346, 347, 358, 361,369, 370, 478

TTabu search, 123, 124, 126, 136, 423, 424, 478Throughput, 10–13, 21, 23, 24, 26–30, 72–75,

79, 82–85, 88, 103, 132, 137, 168, 169,173, 174, 178–180, 186, 187, 189,190–193, 196, 197, 199–201, 203–205,207, 212, 214, 215, 217, 226, 234, 235,262–264, 282, 283, 285, 286, 288, 300,302, 303, 343, 398, 462–465, 478

Tile industry, 373, 478Time unit, 26, 27, 29, 129, 171, 173, 184, 186,

240, 266, 478TO-BE, 445, 446, 448–453, 478Total cost, 89, 177, 180, 211, 212, 215–220,

226–229, 394, 412, 478Total travel time, 238, 240Tote pan, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 18, 24, 478Transportation zone, 478Travel cost, 40–42, 44, 45, 49, 50,

131, 478Travel time, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 23,

26, 27, 30, 33, 36–38, 40, 41, 45, 47,49, 57, 61, 111, 117, 118, 120, 125,131–133, 135, 136, 140, 145, 148, 149,152–154, 159, 160, 168, 169, 170,172–175, 177–179, 181–200, 203,205–208, 213–216, 220, 225, 229, 230,234, 236–242, 244, 245, 247, 248,250–252, 254–256, 258, 259, 261–265,282, 283, 291, 292, 298, 299, 304, 316,325, 337, 379, 384–387, 389–391,393–395, 461, 463, 466, 478

Travelling salesman problem, 7, 361, 388,424, 478

Traversal, 88, 92, 142, 440, 478Tri-later stacker, 375, 377, 379, 381,

383, 385, 387, 389, 391, 393,395, 478

Triple-shuttle, 171, 478Turn Index, 377, 378, 383, 478Turnover, 7, 15, 28–30, 36, 44, 45, 49, 51, 60,

68, 85, 88, 132–134, 144, 175, 178,187–192, 200, 206, 207, 209, 215, 216,231, 236, 260, 263, 264, 266, 268, 283,396, 460, 463, 464, 466, 476, 478

Turnover storage, 45, 88, 175, 188, 478Turnover time, 132–134, 478Twin-shuttle, 171, 197, 204, 478

UUnit load, 33, 34Unit load AS/RS, 168, 216, 218, 219, 221,

226–229, 478Unconstrained layout, 365

VVector assignment problem, 38, 478Vehicle routing, 113, 400, 401, 403, 422, 423,

424, 443, 478, 479Vertical carousel, 21, 478Vertical lift storage modules, 164, 168, 478Voice-directed picking, 9, 478Volume, 6, 9, 10, 24, 34, 88, 95, 99, 106, 136,

144, 155, 164, 166, 176, 177, 198, 200,215, 217, 226, 228, 229, 374, 376–378,399–404, 406, 407, 409, 410, 414, 422,428, 436, 438, 439, 441, 442, 447–451,462, 463, 467, 478

V-shaped, 64, 67, 478

WWare picking, 88, 478Warehouse density, 250, 251, 254, 478Warehouse management system, 9, 87, 88,

102, 103, 429, 466, 478Wave picking, 5, 92, 106, 126, 127, 47, 478Wireless technology, 71, 73, 79–82, 84, 478Warehouse balance, 42

ZZone picking, 5, 17, 18, 91, 92, 478

Index 483