about spanish

7/30/2019 About Spanish

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ABOUT SPANISH

Spanish in a Romancelanguage that belongs to

Indo - Europeanlanguage family.


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SPANISH LANGUAGE(LA LENGUA ESPAOLA)

Spanish is the most common first languagein Spain and Latin America.

More than 390 mil. of people speak Spanishin the countries where it is an officiallanguage and more than 30 mil. of peoplespeak Spanish in the countries where it isnot an official language,

About 5.8 percent of the people who usethe Internet speak Spanish, making it theNo. 4 language in the Internet community,following English, Japanese and German.


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A FEW FACTS ABOUT SPAINOfficial namePolitical system

Capital

Highest point

Most important rivers

Interesting placesReino de Espaa

Constitutional Monarchy

Madrid

el Teideen las Islas Canarias

Ebro, Duero, Tajo, Guadalquivir,Guadiana

La CoruaTorre de Hrcules

Len, ZaragozaCatedral

BarcelonaSagrada Familia

SalamancaUniversidad

MadridPlaza Mayor

Teruel, ValenciaCatedral

La Manchalos molinos

SevillaGiralda

CrdobaMejita

GranadaAlhambra


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SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION(ORTOGRAFA Y PRONUNCIACIN)Spelling and pronunciation in Spanish is easier than in English. Generally

words are spoken as they are spelled and most of the letters arepronounced as they are written, just a few of them have differentpronunciation:

y /i /- as a conjunction and Elena y Pedroas insee, but shorter/j/- as a part of words yo, rey, mayoas inyes

c/k/- before a, o, u Carmen, tabaco, Cubaas in car// -before e, i cerveza, cine, cincoas inthing

ch//- Chile, nocheas inchurchg/g/- before a, o, u galera, gustaras inget

/x/ -before e, i gente, girasolas inLochgue, gui/ge, gi/- Miguel, guitarrah/-/- is not pronounced hola, hasta la vista

/ola, asta la vista/j/x/-Juan, Jorge, juevesas in Loch Ness

ll//- me llamo, Sevillasimilar tomillion

//- Espaa, maanasimilar to onion

que, qui/ke, ki/qu es, don Quijote

z//- zapatoas inthing


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ACCENT AND PUNCTUATION (EL ACENTO Y LA PUNTUACIN)Another difference between English and Spanish is the WRITTENACCENT that indicates where the stress falls in a word.

mdico, rbol, ro, len, anunci, mircolesINITIAL CAPITAL LETTERS are used less in Spanish than they arein English. Here are a few examples:

Nationalities, tribes, races, languages:In English: English, Italian, Russian

In Spanish: ingls, italiano, ruso

Days of the week; months:In English: Monday, Sunday, March, July

In Spanish: lunes, domingo, marzo, julio

In the titles of books, movies, paintings etc.:In English: My Last Word

In Spanish: Mi ltima palabra


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PUNCTUATION II. (LA PUNTUACIN)There is an interesting fenomena in

Spanish question mark and exclamationmark are written not only at the end of a

sentence, but also at the beginning where

they are inverted.Hablas espaol? Do you speak English?Cierra la ventana! Close the window!

This is a special sign that means the letter shouldbe pronunced softer. It is similar to the sound inonion.

Hablo espaol. /ablo espaol/I speak Spanish.Tengo 30 aos. /tengo treinta aos/ -I am 30 (years old).


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ARTICLE (EL ARTCULO)Article in Spanish can be definite or indefinite and it has a different form

in feminine and masculine gender and also in plural.It is more effective to learn Spanish vocabulary together with articles asthey define the gender. la ventana (femininethe window), el libro(masculinethe book).

Indefinite ArticleEl artculo indefinidomasculine feminineDefinite ArticleEl artculo definidomasculine feminine

un chico, una chica

a boy, a girl

el libro, la mesa

the book, the tablePlural / El pluralunos chicos, unas chicas, los libros, las mesas

(some) boys, (some) girls, the books, the tables


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NOUNS (LOS SUSTANTIVOS)Nouns in Spanish are used in a similar way like English nouns.They do not change their form as they do in some languages e. g. Slavic.

Esmi amigo. It is my fr iend. - Je to mj priate.Lo explicoami amigo. I explain itto my fr iend.Vysvetujem tomjmu priateovi. (in Slovaka Slavic language).ADJECTIVES (LOS ADJETIVOS)

In Spanish, adjectives usually go after nouns and agree with them ingender and number.

un chico bonito a nice boyuna chica bonita a nice girllos libros rojos the red bookslas mesas rojas the red tables


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www.jazykovevzdelavanie.skVERBS (LOS VERBOS)Spanish verbs are conjugated, it means they have different endings whichdepend on the mood, tense, person and number. It is not necessary to use

personal pronouns as it is in English to define the person.They are divided into regular verbs and irregular verbs.

A. VERBS WITH REGULAR CONJUGATIONThey are conjugated according to the rules (patterns) and are dividedinto three groups according to the ending in the infinitive.

- AR (hablar/speak) - ER (comprender/understand) -IR (vivir/live)Conjugation - Present Tense Simple of verbs ending in AR:

(yo) habloI speak (nosotros) hablamoswe speak(t) hablas you speak (vosotros) hablisyou speak(l/ella) hablahe/she speaks (ellos/ellas) hablanthey speakB. IRREGULAR VERBS

There are ten types of irregular verbs with internal vowel change e. g.:jugar / to playjuego, juegas, juega ... /I play, you play, he plays...Other irregular verbs change the form e. g.: tener / to havetengo,

tienes, tiene ... /I have, you have, he has...


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www.jazykovevzdelavanie.skNEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES(LAS FRASES NEGATIVAS E INTERROGATIVAS)In Spanish, NEGATIVE SENTENCES are formed by placing the negativeadverb NO before the verb. No hablo italiano.I don`t speak Italian.

No llamaron la semana pasada.They didn`t call last week.No viajaremos el mes que viene.We won`t travel next month.INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

In Spanish, an affirmative sentence can be used as a question when it isgiven an appropriate pronunciation and a question mark.

Le gusta leer los libros.He likes rading books.

Le gusta leer los libros? Does he like reading books?

Word order is changed only when an extra emphasis is desired:

Elena est enferma? Est Elena enferma?Is Elena ill?

When a question is made with an interrogative adverb or pronoun, theadverb (pronoun) goes first and is followed by the main verb or personalpronoun, if there is one.

Dnde est Luis? Where is Luis? Qu te gusta?What do you like?


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WHY TO LEARN SPANISH?To be able to read a book, or to watch a movie, or a soap opera , inoriginal Spanish version.

Miguel de Cervantes

y Saavedra

1547 1616

Don Quijote de laMancha

Federico Garcia

Lorca

1898 1936

The House ofBernarda Alba

(La casa de

Bernarda Alba)

Gabriel Garcia

Mrquez

1928 Columbia

One HundredYears of Solitude

(Cien aos de

soledad)

Isabel Allende

1942 Peru

The House ofthe Spirits (La

casa de losespiritus)


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WHY TO LEARN SPANISH?To be able to communicate when I go to Madrid.

Palacio RealPuerta del

Sol El Prado

Plaza detoros Plaza Mayor

To be able to communicate when I go on holiday.

Costa Brava Costa Dorada Ibiza Tenerife Mexico, Cancun


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WHY TO LEARN SPANISH?Because it is a native language of famous Spanish artists.

Francisco

Jos de Goya

1746 - 1828

Pablo Picasso

1881 - 1973

Salvador Dal

1904 - 1989

Maya

desnuda

Mayavestida

Guernica

LesDemoisellesd' Avignon

La Madonade port

Angelusde Gala


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WHY TO LEARN SPANISH?Because I would like to go to a flamenco course to Spain.

Because I would like to make a Spanish meal, or a drink, accordingto an original recipe in Spanish.

gazpacho paella

churros con

chocolate mojito


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WHY TO LEARN SPANISH?Because it is a beautiful melodic language.

Because I would like to understand people when I go on holiday tofascinating beaches with white sand to Mallorca or Tenerife, or anyother island.

Because I can communicate in Spanish not only in Spain, but also inNorthern Africa, Latin and Central America, and Mexico.

Because I would like to study at one of the oldest European universitiesUniversidad de Salamanca.

Because I would like to get a summer job in Spain at a seaside resort.

Because I would like to work for an international Spanish company.

Because Spanish is one of the most used modern languages, followingEnglish, and that is why it is a very good choice to learn Spanish incombination with another language.

Because the company I work for has Spanish businesspartners and I would like to speak to them fluently.

And also because ...

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