Aboriginal Leadership Development in Australia

warning: images of deceased persons

Professor Dennis FoleySchool of Humanities and Social Science

The University of Newcastle

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Leadership?

What is it?

Is it tradional, authorised – legitimate leadership?

Is it opportunity realisation – illegitimate leadership?

Is it community, political or individual?

Or in our history is it all three?

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Windradyn 1824Died: March 21, 1829

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William Cooper 1861-1941Yorta Yorta of CummeragunjaIn 1933 at the age of 72he moved to Melb. forliving on the reserve hewas ineligible for the old aged pension

Set up the AustralianAboriginal League, helpedorganise the Day of Mourning

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l to r): William Ferguson, Jack Kinchella, Isaac Ingram, Doris Williams, Esther Ingram, Arthur Williams Jr, Phillip Ingram, Louisa

Agnes Ingram with daughter Olive Ingram, and Jack Patten

26 January 1938

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Vincent Lingiari1908- 21/1/1988

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10Born 1901 Botany Bay1930 unemployed workers camp1933 organised pea-pickers strike1937 begins working with Fergusen and Patten1938 involved in "Day of Mourning" protest1956 founder Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship1954 - 57 first and only female member of the NSW Aborigines Welfare Board1983 dies in Dubbo

Pearl Gibbs

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Chicka Dixon1928 – March 2010

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1967

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Billy Craigie Bertie Williams John Newfong Ambrose Golden-Brown

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Bobby Sykes16 August 1943 14 November 2010

Charles Kumantjayi Perkins 16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000

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Larissa Behrendt

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18The Monthly - Who's Afraid of Marcia Langton?

Mr John Moriarty – modern entrepreneur

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Population approx 500,000 people

Rural remote 90,000

Middle class 160,000

On or below the poverty line 250,000

(Helen Hughes ‘Lands of Shame’ 2007)

Read : Tim Rouse Book review www.sisr.net/apo/rowse.pdf

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21Table 1: Estimated Indigenous population, by state and territory, Australia, 30 June 2010

State or territoryIndigenous population

Proportion of Australian Indigenous population (%)

Proportion of state or territory population (%)

NSW 165,190 29.4 2.3

Vic 36,734 6.5 0.7

Qld 160,514 28.5 3.6

WA 76,218 13.5 3.4

SA 30,382 5.4 1.9

Tas 20,086 3.6 4.0

ACT 4,709 0.8 1.3

NT 68,599 12.2 30.5

Australia 562,681 100.0 2.6

Source: Derived from ABS, 2009 [1], ABS, 2010 [3]

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Ancient enterprise

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Aqua-culture industry 8,000 years old

Labour mobilisation – housing - provision food clothing etc for workers

Large scale harvest linked to production

Smoking = value added product

Containerisation - woven baskets

Distribution network – thousands of miles 1/3rd cont.

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25Indigenous Australian Leadership entrepreneurship - enterprise = 8,000 years of history

Leadership & Enterprise participation is NOT

un-Aboriginal

Can Indigenous entrepreneurs or Leaders be taught?

… Or are they born?

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Do Indigenous we face different challenges to that experienced by settler society?

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The hurdles in the development of leadership & entrepreneurship are:-RacismLow human capitalLow social capitalLack of financial capital Diminishing cultural capital &Neo-liberal government policies – New Managerialism

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The future is all about capacity building …

… for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous

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So what works without reinventing the wheel?

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Community Leadership

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Johnny Japangardi Miller and Peggy Nampijinpa Brown Mt Theo Outstation

The Outstation focuses on young Warlpiri peoplestarted by Yuendumu Community in 1993 to address

chronic petrol sniffing. The program has since broadened in nature and scope

to provide a comprehensive program of youth development and leadership, diversion, respite, rehabilitation, and aftercare throughout the Warlpiri region the provision of cultural rehabilitation and strengthening of young people through the care of Warlpiri mentors and elders at the remote Outstation, 160km northwest of Yuendumu.

Elders of the Yuendumu Community initiated the program, with additional support from local organisations

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What's out there in education:-Indigenous Leadership Program – govt run

-Aboriginal Indigenous Leadership Development (AILC) – has great potential-certificate level

-Cape York Institute – Leadership Academy WTS

-Individual State Programs, political, come and go with funding - little outcome

-Aurora Project UNSW – Native Title for CEO’s

-Edith Cowan Uni and Australian Catholic Uni’s – real programs with outcomes in tertiary ed.

- Batchelor College and Charles Darwin Uni WTS changing delivery and pedagogy looking at outcomes -Australian Centre for Indigenous Knowledge's and Education - pathways to build social, human, economic and identity capital.

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What's out there in entrepreneurship education:-

•Swinburne - Master Entrep.•Master of Applied Innovation & Entrepreneurship Uni Adelaide (Online)•Bach Bus (Entrep.) RMIT•Bach Commerce Entrep – Curtin•Murdoch undergrad major Entrep Innovation•QUT•And a sprinkling of majors around our TAFE’s and Uni’s

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Noel Pearson & Chris SaraAccountabilityGovernanceTransparency

Apart from the AILC there is nothing in Australia targeting minority entrepreneurship Leadership training, they are all mainstream ….… I looked overseas

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2009 United nations Economic Forum reported

entrepreneurship has never been more important than it is today in this time of financial crises … innovation and entrepreneurship provide a way forward for solving the global challenges of the 21st century … Entrepreneurship education can be a societal change agent, a great enabler …

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Financial literacy

resultSteve Mariotti After earning his bachelors in business economics and M.B.A from the University of Michigan he moved to New York. In 198 mugged for $10 by a gang of teenagers, which lead him to work with youth in the New York Public School System in 1982. best known pioneering work in youth at-risk education - initially founded The South Bronx Entrepreneurial Education Program with limited success. in 1987 he founded the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship, gives at-risk youth low-income backgrounds opportunities to receive entrepreneurial education while attending high school.

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NFTEMissionThe Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship's mission is to provide programs that inspire young people from low-income communities to stay in school, to recognize business opportunities and to plan for successful futures.

HistoryFounded in New York City in 1987 by Steve Mariotti, a former entrepreneur turned high school math teacher in the South Bronx, NFTE began as a program to prevent dropouts and improve academic performance among students who were at risk of failing or quitting school.

Combining his business background with his desire to teach at-risk students, Steve discovered that when young people from low-income communities are given the opportunity to learn about entrepreneurship, their innate "street smarts" can easily develop into "academic smarts" and "business smarts." Through entrepreneurship, young people discover that what they are learning in the classroom is relevant to the real world.

To date, NFTE has worked with nearly 450,000 young people from low-income communities in programs across the U.S. and around the world.

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44Ahikaa Vision

Ahikaa programmes embody a fusion of the internationally acclaimed NFTE entrepreneurship education programmes with the entrepreneurial traditions of Polynesia and tikanga of New Zealand MaoriUnder the guardianship of Entrepreneurship New Zealand Trust, the Ahikaa vision includes:

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45Empowering families, whanau, hapu, iwi and communities to utilise and develop their resources

Providing youth and families/whanau with understanding and tools to foster economic sustainability

Enabling full participation in local economiesLinking with international networks and gaining global opportunities

Promoting rangatiratanga as the practical implementation of our individual and group potential

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PhilosophyWe believe that within every person lies many talents; gifts that sometimes we need help to discover so that we can go on to achieve our potentialThrough entrepreneurship education, the NFTE curriculum and teaching philosophy helps people build skills and unlock their entrepreneurial creativity.  Students’ learning experiences are supported by a comprehensive and internationally accredited curriculum, specialist teacher training, and support AHIKAA provides a range of learning materials, a hands-on practice-based curriculum, exciting entrepreneurial activities, and ongoing student/alumni and teacher development opportunities inside and outside the formal learning environment

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NSW Indigenous Chamber of Commerce

Deb Barwick

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Neil Willmett

The Indigenous Business NetworkSouth East Queensland

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Pilbara Aboriginal Chamber Of Commerce Inc

Pilbara Aboriginal Contractors Association Inc

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Natalie WalkerCEO, AIMSC

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AIMSC (pronounced am-see) is the Australian Indigenous Minority Supplier Council

provides a direct business-2-business purchasing link between corporate Australia, government agencies and Indigenous-owned businesses

Australian Indigenous Minority Supplier Council

Suite 706, Level 750 Clarence StreetSydney NSW 2000

Tel: (02) 8239 9900

Fax: (02) 9279 2762

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54Why my interest?

We will never achieve self-determination

Until we have financial independence!

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