Yeeie ë 12 ~ DebkeÀ ë 10 ~ He=ÿmebK³ee ë 40

pebieueeleuee DeJeefue³ee jeKeCeoej ...efJeMes<e uesKe

jepesMe oeYeesUkeÀjHe$ekeÀej ë 93249 01585

megceejs 20 Je<ee¥Heemetve yeeUt oÊet JesnUs ³eebveer Je=#emebJeOe&vee®eeíbo peesHeemeuee Deens. DeeF&-Jeef[ueebveer®e l³eeb®³eeJej Je=#emebmkeÀejkesÀues. Yeelemee ÒekeÀuHe Heefjmejeleerue veT®ee Hee[e ³esLes oÊet jenleele.IejepeJeU Demeueus es peib eue jeps e mekeÀeUer ÒeeleeJf eO& eeur ee peele Demeleeveeles Heene³e®e.s ³ee peib eueele ceeks eÀeì peveeJejs ûeecemLe eyf eveeof kekÌ eÀle mee[s leDemele. ceie ner peveeJejs pebieuee®eer veemeOetme keÀjle Demele. SJe{skeÀceer cnCetve keÀer keÀe³e, mejHeCeemeeþer ûeecemLe Pee[eb®eer íeìCeerkeÀje³e®es. SkeÀ ceesUer 30-35 efkeÀuees®eer Demeles. l³eemeeþer 25-30Pee[eb®eer íeìCeer kesÀueer peeles. ûeecemLeeb®³ee ³ee ke=Àl³eecegUs [ewueoejJe=#e yees[keÀe nesle Demes. DeeefCe l³ee®eer Jee{ Kegbìe³e®eer. ns ogä®e¬eÀDemeb®e megª jeefnueb lej SkeÀ efoJeme pebieue veenermeb nesF&ue DeeefCel³ee®es HeefjCeece meieȳeebvee®e YeesieeJes ueeieleerue, ³ee®eer peeCeerJe oÊet³eebvee Peeueer.

osJeeuee pemeb ceveesYeeJes DeeHeCe Hetpelees. l³ee®e YeeJevesletve l³eebveerjespe oesve leeme pebieueele peeTve Je=#emesJee yepeeJeueer. Deesmee[ peeieermeeiee®³ee Pee[eb®es kegbÀHeCe Ieeleues. DeeF& peMeer ceguee®eer keÀeUpeer Iesles,l³ee®eÒeceeCes oÊet ³eevb eer peib eueeleu³ee Òel³eks eÀ Pee[e®eer keÀeUpeer Iels eu³ee®esFLes Òel³e#e Yesì efou³eeJej efometve Deeues. JeveefJeieekeÀ[tve meeiee®es mìbHeDeeCeues. ceeskeÀȳee peeiesle meeie ueeJeuee. leerve SkeÀj peeiesle ns íevemes

kegbÀHeCe Ieeleues Deens. meesyele kegÀCeer veener. HeCe l³eeb®ee efveM®e³e þeceneslee.

kegÀþu³eener Pee[e®ee yegbOee keÀcekegÀJele nesCeej veener, Pee[Jee{u³eeJej HegÀìuesu³ee HeÀebÐeebceOeerue meJe& HeÀeboer legìCeej veener, ³ee®eerkeÀeUpeer IesCes, efMeJee³e yegbO³eekeÀ[erue íeìCeer jesKeueer lej Je=#eJee{er®esÒeceeCe ®eebieues jenerue. efvemeiee&®ee meceleesue meeOee³e®ee Demesue lejpebieue veä nesTve ®eeueCeej veener, Gueì Deens les pebieue, l³ee®eer³eesi³e peesHeemevee keÀjC³ee®ee cetueceb$e peCet l³eebvee ieJemeuee.

pebieue Jee{ues lej Pee[eb®eer neveer nesle veener. Pee[eb®³ee HeÀebÐee,l³eebvee Deeuesueer HeeveHegÀues, ³eeb®ee ceeie keÀe{le He#eer ³esleele. l³eeb®³ee³esC³eeves efkeÀueefyeueeì neslees. les HegÀues ®eeKeleele. HeÀebÐeeJej yemeleele.peib eueYej ³eLe®s í yeeie[leele. l³eeceUg s keÀg þu³ee®e Pee[euee keÀeìr keÀe®b eeryeeOee nels e veene.r HeMevbt eener l³ee®b ee OeekeÀ Jeeìlee.s ceeks eÀeì peveeJejevb eenerSkeÀ ÒekeÀejs ceppeeJe neslees, Demeb les meebieleele.

ner peeiee l³eeb®³ee ceeuekeÀer®eer veener. Demes Demetvener l³eebveerJeveefJeYeeiee®³ee ³ee peeies®ee keÀe³eeHeeueì kesÀuee Deens. Pee[eb®³eeDeJeemleJe HeÀeÐb ee lee[s Ce,s Pee[evb ee ceigb ³ee ueeiet ve³els e, cnCevt e KeyejoejerIesCes, JeCeJes ueeiet ve³esle, ³eekeÀefjlee o#e jenCes, DeMee He×leerves l³eeb®eerner Je=#emesJee DeKeb[ megª Deens. JeveefJeYeeieevee pesJne ner ceeefnleerefceUeueer, lesJne l³eebvee ³ee®es efJeMes<e DeÒetHe Jeeìues. DeeefoJeemeermeceepee®ee ceeCetme SKeeoer mebkeÀuHevee leUceUerves jeyeJelees. leyyeue

efvemeiee&®ee PeHeeìîeeves Nnemenesle Deens. veeiejerkeÀjCe DeeefCe

MenjerkeÀjCe ³eeb®³ee DeHeÀeì Jesiee®³ee nÆeHee³eerefvemeiee&uee ceeveJeeves DeeJneve efoues Deens.

Hejbleg DeeHeCe SkeÀ ue#eele Iesleues Heeefnpes keÀer,efvemeie& megjef#ele lej DeeHeCe megjef#ele ns®e Debeflece

mel³e Deens. ns®e O³es³e GjeMeer yeeUieleMeneHetj ³esLes SkeÀe DeeefoJeemeer

meceepee®³ee Je=#eÒesceerves Deesmee[ peeiesle DeeHeueskeÀewMeu³e oeKeJele Je=#emebJeOe&ve kesÀueb Deens.l³ee®ee ne íbo Heg{s keÀmee efJekeÀefmele Peeuee

l³eeefJe<e³eer peeCetve IesT³eele.

21 cee®e& ë peeieeflekeÀ JeveMeem$e efoveeefveefceÊeIesleuesuee ne efJeMes<e Dee{eJee...

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20 Je<e& lees ³eekeÀefjlee meelel³eHetCe& keÀeceefiejer keÀjlees. ³ee®ee l³eebveeDeefYeceeve Deens. ûeecemLeebveer ³eemeboYee&le efJejesOe kesÀuee veener. HeCel³eebveer pebieuee®eb cenÊJe peeCetve I³eeJeb, pebieue mebJeOe&ve ner DeeHeueermeJee¥®eer peyeeyeoejer Deens, DeMee YeeJevesletve l³eebveer ûeecemLeebceO³espevepeeiel= eer keÀjC³ee®ee Òe³elvener JeUs eJs eUs er keÀs uee. Hejlb eg l³eeme HeÀejmeeÒeeflemeeo efceUeuee veener. DeLee&le, ³eeyeÎue l³eeb®eer le¬eÀejner veener.nUtnUt ueeskeÀ mepeie nesleerue. YeefJe<³eele keÀener keÀe³e&MeeUeb®³eeceeO³eceelevt e Je#= emeJb eOev& e Je meib eeHs eve ³eeyeeyele DeeOf ekeÀeeOf ekeÀ ueeks eÀeHb e³el¥ eceeefnleer Heesnes®eJeC³ee®ee ceeveme Demeu³ee®es les cnCeeues.

FbOevee®eer mees³e vemeu³eecegUs Je=#elees[ ceesþîee ÒeceeCeeJej nesles.ueneveHeCeer Jeerpe vemeu³eeves DeY³eemeemeeþer mejHeCe peeUtve Gpes[le³eej keÀje³e®ees, DeMeer DeeþJeCe les meebieleele. ieeJeeuee Pee[ oÊekeÀefoues lej les l³ee®es mebieesHeve keÀjleerue. MeslekeÀN³eeuee Deesmee[ peeieeÐee, lees efleLes ueeieJe[ keÀjerue, Demee GHee³e les JeveefJeYeeieeueeme®g eJeleele. Pee[e®ee ®eej HeÀeÐb ee Jee{u³ee. l³eeHekw eÀer oevs e mejHeCeemeeþerJeeHeju³ee lejer ®eeueleerue, Demee meuueener les osleele.

DekeÀjeJeeHr e³el¥ e®es l³ee®b es eMf e#eCe Peeueus ess Demevt e les ceUt ®es Mels ekeÀjerDeensle. Heleer-Helveer efyejJee[er ûeeceHeb®ee³eleer®esmeom³e Deenls e. ³ee oig ec& e Yeeieele Heekr eÀHeeC³ee®eerMeeMJeleer veener. DeMee JesUsme keÀe³ecemJeªHeerGHepeerefJekesÀ®es meeOeve keÀe³e? Demee ÒeMve l³eebveeSkeÀ efoJeme Yes[meeJet ueeieuee. Hegjsmee jespeieejveener. Meemeveojyeejer MeslekeÀN³eeuee mees³eer-megefJeOee efceUle veener. Demes DeveemLes®es ceUYeDemeleevee mene Je<ee¥HetJeea l³eebvee ceeuesieeJe ³esLeske=À<eer ÒeoMe&veeuee peeC³ee®ee ³eesie Deeuee.

l³eeefþkeÀeCeer MesJei³ee®eer Mesleer yeefIeleueer.MesJei³ee®³ee efye³ee Iesleu³ee. jesHeb le³eej kesÀueer.veme&jerle jesHeb le³eej kesÀueer. cegUeleHeejbHee fjkeÀ Meslee r®eb YeefJeleJ³eeqoJemeWefoJeme Oeeske̳eele ³esle Deens.HeeTme JeUs Js ej veene.r Deeuee®e lejlee s He gj smee He[le veene r. ³eemecem³esletve ceeie& keÀe{C³eemeeþerMe sJei³ee®ee r Me slee r ne He³ee &³emebkeÀuHevesletve DeekeÀejeme Deeuee.mJele:®³ee oe[r SkeÀj peeiels e l³eevb eerner ueeieJe[ kesÀueer Deens.

Me sJei³ee®³ee oe sve peelee rDemeleele. SkeÀ ieeJeþer, ogmejerIeeìer. ieeJeþer efìkeÀeT Je efnjJeer

Demele.s lej Ieeìer peemle eìf keÀle veene.r jib ener eHf eÀkeÀe Demelee.s DeepeJejSketÀCe 650 Pee[s ueeJeueer Deensle. l³eele 500 Pee[s MesJei³ee®eer, 35keÀepet, 10 Deeby³ee®eer keÀueces, 15 jeceHeÀU, HeÀCeme DeMeer ueeieJe[kesÀu³ee®eer ceeefnleer oÊet ³eebveer efoueer.

IejepeJeU®³ee peeiesle efcej®eer, ìesce@ìes, Jeebieer ueeJeueer Deensle.kesÀJeU íboeHeesìer megª Peeuesues ns keÀe³e& Demetve l³eekeÀefjlee kegÀþues®eÒeeMf e#eCe l³eevb eer Iels eueus es veene.r ceug eiee,r DeeMf Jeveer enf ves keÀ= <eer e[f Hueecs eekesÀuesuee Deens. efle®es Heg{erue efMe#eCe cegjyee[-mejUieeJe ³esLes megªDemetve cegueiee, DeekeÀeMe yeejeJeerle efMekeÀle Deens.

MeslekeÀN³eeb®eer Deelee®eer efHe{er GÊece efMe#eCe Iesle Demeu³eeves MesleerkeÀje³euee l³ee®b ³eekeÀ[s keÀg Cee®r e veene.r Mels ekeÀjer peieuee lej oMs e peieus e,³ee®es ieebYeer³e& meceepeeves JesUer®e ue#eele Iesleues Heeefnpes. MesleermeeþerueeieCeejs yeer-efye³eeCes Kejsoermeeþer keÀpe& GHeueyOe nesle veener.keÀeieoHe$eeb®eer keÀìkeÀì FlekeÀer leeHeoe³ekeÀ Demeles keÀer, MeslekeÀjerkeÀpee&®³ee Jeeìsuee peele veener, DeMeer Keble les J³ekeÌle keÀjleele.

Je<e&Yejele HeÀkeÌle ®eej ceefnves Mesleer nesles. HeeJemeeȳeele. Flej JesUerMels eeJr ej keÀece®e keÀs ues peele veene.r ceie ns MelekeÀjer Dev³e jeps eieejemeeþer

yeenjs He[leele. ecf eUus e l³ee jeps eob ejeJr ej keÀecekeÀjleele. ³eele l³eeb®eer keÀener JesUe HeÀmeJeCetkeÀnesles. Deeuesueer efceUkeÀle KeeC³eeefHeC³eeJej®eKe®e& nels e.s cnCepes Je<eev& eJg e<e& oeejf êîee®es peeJr evel³ee®b ³ee Jeeìus ee ³els e,s Demes JeemleJe les cee[b leele.

Je=#emebJeOe&veemeeþer pevepeeie=leer ceesþîeeÒeceeCeeJej Jne³euee nJeer, ner meeceeefpekeÀyeebOeeruekeÀer kesÀJeU mejkeÀej®eer®e Deens, Demesve mecepelee Òel³eskeÀeves DeeHeu³ee DeemeHeeme®esPee[ peieJeues Heeefnpes, Demee mebosMe les osleele.³eeHeg{s Mesleerle Depetve keÀener Òe³eesie keÀje³e®es

Deensle, Demee ceveeso³e l³eebveerJ³ekeÌle kesÀuee Deens. SKeeoe íbopeesHeemeuee lej lees Dee³eg<³eeleekf eÀleer meKg e-meceeOeeve ols ee,s ³ee®esDeveesKes GoenjCe cnCetve oÊetJesnUs ³eeb®es veeJe þUkeÀHeCesmeebielee ³esF&ue. DeeHeu³ee mebleebveerDeYe bieele tve Je =#ee®e s cenÊJemee b e f ieleue sue s Deens®e. le sDee®ejCeele DeeCeC³ee®eer JesUDeelee Deeueer Deens.

DeMeer nesles ueeieJe[...epf eJelb e Peje Deen.s elf eLes mJele:®³ee Ke®eev& es

yebOeeje kesÀuee Deens. HeeCeer De[Jee, ns met$eJeeHeªve ef[Pesue lesue HebHe yemeJeuee Deens.l³eeletve les HeeCeer HeePej leueeJee®³ee kegbÀ[erlepeeles. efleLes ceesìej yemeJeueer Deens. ceesìejmegª keÀªve HeeFHeeletve HeeCeer jesHeebvee efouespeeles. l³eemeeþer þjeJee rkeÀ DeblejeJejHeeFHee®³ee meene³³eeves Jneu@ Jn yemeJeues Deenls e.

peeJes Jeveelb eje ...efJeMes<e uesKe

9702775060 bharatgodambe@ .com

mepeerJeeb®³ee GlheÊeerheemetve l³eeb®ee JeveebMeer Lesì mebyebOe DeeueeDeens. DeVe, Jem$e, efveJeeje ³ee meieȳee®e cegueYetle ieesäeRmeeþerceve<g ³eheeCeer keÀe³e ekE eÀJee Flej mepeeJr e keÀe³e meieU®s e JeveeJb ej DeJeueyb evt eDeenls e; Yeues hel³e#e Demeels e ekf eÀ Dehel³e#e. 21 J³ee MelekeÀele heielee®r ³eeDel³eg®®e efMeKejeJej heesnes®eu³eeveblej lej ceeveJeeuee Jeveeb®eb cenÊJeDeeCeKeerve®e keÀUe³euee ueeieueb³e; heCe Depetvener JeUle veener³es nerceesþer MeeskeÀebeflekeÀe Deens. ceeveJe mees[uee lej Flej meieUs®e he´eCeerDeeheeheu³ee hejerves efvemeiee&®ee meceleesue jeKeC³eemeeþer neleYeejueeJeleevee efomeleele. DeeheCe cee$e meieȳeele peemle yegef×ceeve he´eCeer(ceveg<³e meieȳeele yegef×ceeve he´eCeer; efve ns þjJeCeeje osKeerueceveg<³e®eb...ie´sì vee?) heCe Deeheu³ee meieȳee®e ke=Àleer SkebÀojerleefvemeiee&uee ceejkeÀ, IeelekeÀ þjleevee efomeleele efve DeeheCe l³eeueeDeeheueer he´ieleer cnCelees³e.

he=LJeer®eb leeheceeve efve³ebef$ele þsJee³e®eb Demesue lej efkeÀceeve 33 ìkeÌkesÀJeve#e$s e DemeCeb iejpe®s eb Deen,s Demeb DeeheCe hemg lekeÀele eMf ekeÀlee.s 2015meeueer Yeejle mejkeÀej®³ee JeveefJeYeeieeves he´keÀeefMele kesÀuesu³eeDenJeeueevemg eej Yeejleele 21.34 ìkekÌ eÀs Jeve#e$s e Deens DeeeCf e 3775Jeie& ekf eÀceer Jeve#e$s eele Jee{ Peeuee³r e.s Jevee®b eb cenÊJe heJt eeh& eej keÀeUeheemevt eDeeheCe peeCelees³e. Deeheu³ee meieȳee®e meeOegmebleebveer Je=#eeb®eb cenÊJepeeCeueb nesleb. l³eecegUs®e l³eebveer Deeheeheu³ee hejerves pevemeeceev³eebveeDeeheu³ee DeYeib eelevt e, keÀLee- ekf eÀlev& eelevt e Pee[s ueeJeC³eemeeþe,r Jeve#e$s epeesheemeC³eemeeþer GÐegÊeÀ kesÀuesues efomeles. FlekeÀ®eb keÀe³e lej heehe-heCg ³ee®³ee mekb eÀuheveeJb ej eJf eéeeme þJs eCeeN³ee ueeks eÀemb eeþer oKs eeur e Deveks eÀPee[e®b eer ueeieJe[ DeeeCf e peehs eemevee keÀs u³eeJej neCs eejer HeÀueÞelg eer leme®s elees[ kesÀu³eeJej nesCeejs heefjCeece osKeerue efuentve þsJeuesues efomeleele.meCe meceejYb ee®³ee ceeO³eceelevt e ekf eÀleelr ejer Je#= e Leìs ceve<g ³ee®³ee peeJr eveeMeerpees[uesues efomeleele. ³ee®ee®e SkeÀ Yeeie cnCepes `osJejeF&', osJee®³eeveeJeeves peesheemeuesues pebieue. ³ee osJejeF&leerue keÀe[erueeosKeerue lesLeerueueeskeÀ OekeÌkeÀe ueeiet osle veenerle. lees[C³ee®es lej otj®e jeefnues. keÀejCe

HeÀÊeÀ Þe×e, keÀer les pebieue osJee®es Deens. DeeheCe meieUs®e cnCepesefkeÀceeve DeeeqmlekeÀ (ceie les keÀesCel³eener Oecee&®es Demeesle Jee hebLee®es)ceeveleele keÀer, efn meieUer me=äer osJeeves efvecee&Ce kesÀueer Deens. ceie pejl³eeves ner me=äer efvecee&Ce kesÀueer³es lej ³esLeerue pebieues osKeerue l³ee®eer®evee? ne efJe®eej veener ³esle keÀe Deeheu³ee ceveele ? DeeeqmlekeÀ Demees Jeeveeemq lekeÀ Jeve#e$s ee®eer keÀeUpeer IeCs es evf e l³ee®eb meJb eOev& e keÀjCes ner Deeheueerhe´l³eskeÀe®eer peyeeyeoejer Deens. vegkeÀl³ee®e he@jerme ³esLes heej he[uesu³eemeb³egÊeÀ jeä^eb®³ee nJeeceeve yeouee®³ee heefj<eosle he=LJeer®es leeheceeve 2DebMe mes. veer keÀceer keÀjC³eemeeþer he´³elve keÀjC³ee®ee efveOee&j keÀjC³eeleDeeuee Deens. ns kesÀJeU Meke̳e Deens les Jeve#es$e Jee{efJeu³eeves!

Jeve#es$eele nesle DemeCeejer yesmegceej Je=#elees[, ueeieCeejs JeCeJes (keÀerueeJeues peeCeej?s ) DeveeOf ekeÀ= le yeeOb ekeÀeceb ³ee meieȳee®ee Leìs heejf CeeceJeve#es$e keÀceer nesC³eele neslees³e. Yeejleele DeveskeÀ he´keÀej®eer JevesDee{Uleele. l³ee he´l³eskeÀe®es hejermebmLesceO³es efJeMes<e cenlJe Deens nsoKs eeur e ue#eele þJs eues heeenf pe.s pevemeeceev³eecb eO³es Jevee®b es cenlJe ©peeJes³eemeeþer meieȳee®e heeleUerJej he´³elve ®eeuet Peeuesues efomele Deensle.³eeleerue®e SkeÀ cenlJee®ee keÀe³e&¬eÀce cnCepes meb³egÊeÀ Jeve J³eJemLeehevemeefceleer'. ns cee$e Kejb Deens keÀer, peeshe³e¥le meeceev³e ceeCetme MeemekeÀer³e³eespevesle mJeleëntve menYeeieer nesle veener leeshe³e&le meieU®e J³eLe& Deens.ceie legcner efkeÀleerner keÀe³eos keÀje, efve³ece keÀje, veenerlej nJes les keÀje.

`pebieue ceePes Deens, l³ee®eer keÀeUpeer ceer®e Iesleueer heeefnpes' nerpeyeeyeoejer®eer peeCeerJe ueneveheCee-heemetve keÀªve osCes iejpes®es PeeuesDeens; ³ee yeeyele Jeveheg©<e peeosJe hee³esbie ³eebveer meebefieleuesuee Ghee³emeeLe& Jeeìlees. keÀe@uespeceO³es 13 Jeeruee he´JesMe Iesleuee keÀer efJeÐeeL³ee&vesSkeÀ lejer Pee[ ueeJee³e®es DeeeCf e he{g s leevr e Je<ex l³ee®eer keÀeUpeer I³ee³e®ee.rl³ee efJeÐeeL³ee&uee heoJeer he´oeve keÀjleevee ³ee Pee[e®ee osKeerue efJe®eejJneJee. cnCepes ceeªve cegìketÀve keÀe nesF&vee, heCe efJeÐeeLeea les keÀjleerue.Yeejleele oj Je<eea ueeKees efJeÐeeLeea heoJeer Iesleele. pej Jeve efJeYeeie,he³ee&JejCe efJeYeeie DeeefCe meieȳee®e efJeÐeeheerþebveer ceveeJej Iesleueb lejns menpe Meke̳e Deens. Yeejlee®es ceepeer jeä^heleer Deyogue keÀueecemeensyeebveer osKeerue `SkeÀ J³eÊeÀer SkeÀ Pee[' Demes DeeJeeneve kesÀuesnesles. Jeve#es$ee®³ee Jee{eryejesyej®e iejpe Deens leer Deeheu³ee owvebefoveJ³eJenejele Lee[s e yeoue keÀjC³ee®ee,r lees peemleelr e peemle he³eeJ& ejCehejt keÀeEkeÀJee he³ee&JejCemvesner keÀjC³ee®eer. heeCeer DeeefCe Jeerpe ³eeb®eer peemleerlepeemle ye®ele keÀjC³ee®eer eEkeÀyengvee keÀeìkeÀmejerves Jeehej keÀjC³ee®eer;keÀejCe ³ee oesvner ieesäeRmeeþer HeÀej ceesþîee he´ceeCeele Jeve#es$e veä nesles.

10

21 cee®e& ne `peeieeflekeÀ JeveMeem$e efove' cnCetve meepeje kesÀuee peeleesDeeefCe 2016 ®eer Leerce Deens `pebieue DeeefCe heeCeer'. Deeheu³eeueeefceUCeeN³ee heeC³ee®es meieUs®e m$eesle kesÀJeU pebieueeJej DeJeuebyetveDeensle. pebieueecegUs heeJemee®es heeCeer De[les, peefceveerle efpejles.YetieYee&leerue heeC³ee®es meeþs mece=× nesleele. ns®e heeCeer heg{s Deeheu³eeueeGheueyOe nesles. 22 cee®e&uee `peeieeflekeÀ heeCeer efove' meepeje kesÀueepeelees DeeefCe ³ee Je<eea®eer Leerce Deens heeCeer DeeefCe jespeieej'. pej JevebDemeleerue lej heeCeer Demesue DeeefCe heeCeer Demesue lej jespeieej efvee|celeerMeke̳e Deens.

Lees[erMeer nJeeheeueì JneJeer, keÀeceeletve meJe[ efceUeJeer cnCetveDeeHeCe yeenjs eHf eÀje³euee peelee.s Lee[s er keÀeUpeer IeTs ve DeeheCe DeeheueekeÀ®eje pej jml³eeJej ve ìekeÀlee keÀ®eje hesìerle®e ìekeÀuee lej ³ee®eeHeÀej HeÀe³eoe nesF&ue. keÀejCe keÀ®eN³ee®ee Jev³e peerJeebJej HeÀej JeeF&ìheefjCeece neslees. ne®e keÀ®eje JeCeJee ueeieu³eeveblej Kethe JesU peUlejenlees evf e peib eueeleeur e Deeie Jee{eJf eC³eeuee neleYeej ueeJelee.s Deeheu³eeDeMee ekf eÀleelr ejer íeìs îee íeìs îee keÀ= leevR eer DeeheCe evf emeiee®& ³ee meJb eOev& eelemenYeeieer nesT MekeÀlees.

Kethe ®e®ee& Peeu³ee, Deelee iejpe Deens leer hel³e#e ke=Àleer®eer. DeeheueerSkeÀ SkeÀ íeìs er keÀ= leer oKs eeur e peib euee®³ee j#eCeele, meJb eOev& eele ceeus ee®eerYej Ieeuet MekeÀles ³eele Jeeo veener. peieodieg© legkeÀejece cenejepeeb®³eeDeYebieele ³ee oesve DeesUer l³eebveer Jesieȳee DeLee&ves efueefnu³ee Demeu³eelejer l³ee®e IesTve ceer FlekebÀ®e meebiet Feq®ílees efkeÀ `ve ueeies mee³eemepeeJes Jeveebleje'. pebieue ye®eeJeemeeþer HeÀej mee³eeme keÀje³e®eer iejpeveene.r Leìs peib eueele pee, leLs eeur e heejf memb Lee mecepevt e I³ee, l³ee®es cenÊJepeeCetve I³ee. ceie Deeheu³eeuee l³ee®es ceesue heìu³eeefMeJee³e jenCeejveener. Deelee®e peeies nesT³ee. veenerlej HeÀÊeÀ ef®e$eele®e pebieue keÀmebDemeleb ns hene³e®es efoJeme Deeues lej l³eele veJeue Jeeìe³euee vekeÀes.

1) peueMekelÌ ee®r es meeceL³e& DeeUs Kevt e ceeCemeeves les keÀg þs Je keÀmes JeeHejue?sGkeÀUl³ee HeeC³ee®³ee ìesHeeJejerue PeekeÀCeer keÀener JesU Oe[Oe[ Jeepetve

ceie leer Keeueer He[les. ³eeJe©ve HeeCeer GkeÀUtve nesCeeN³ee JeeHesÀ®es meeceL³e&ceeCemee®³ee O³eeveer ³els e.s ³ee®e yee<HeMekelÌ ee®r ³ee JeeHejeJej ®eeueCeejs ³e$b e (Feb pf eve)pescme Je@ìves le³eej kesÀues. 30 DeMJeMekeÌleer ner keÀceeueMekeÌleer Demeuesu³eepeceev³eele l³eeves 300 DeMJeMekeÌleer®es ³eb$e yeveJetve oeKeJeues.l³eecegUsGHe³eesefpele efJe%eeve Je GÐeesie ³ee GYe³e#es$eebceO³es ¬eÀebleer Peeueer. DeMeeleNnsvesyee<He³e$b ee®³ee MeeOs eeceUg s pecs meJeì@ Deepener DeeHeu³eeuee Je eJf e%eeveeuee DeeþJelee.s

velb ej®³ee keÀeUele G®b eeJe©ve He[CeeN³ee OeyeOey³ee®³ee HeeC³eeHeemevt e Jeepr ele³eej keÀs ueer ieus ee.r eJf epe®s ³ee eof J³eeceUg s Iejs GpeUuee.r HeeCe®ekekÌ eÀeJr oejs ³eeeb $f ekeÀMekeÌleer®es efJeÐegleMekeÌleerle ©Heeblej Peeues. DeMee leNnsves ueeskeÀpeerJeveelepeueMekeÌleercegUs ¬eÀebeflekeÀejkeÀ yeoue Peeues.

2) mees[eJee@ìj®ee MeesOe keÀmee ueeieuee?Meem$e%e pee sme sHeÀ yue @keÀ ns oe© keÀejKeev³eele yeveCeeN³ee

keÀeye&ve[e³ee@keÌmeeF[ Jee³etJej (l³eeJesUer De%eele Demeu³eeves) mebMeesOeve keÀjlenesles. l³eeves lees efJeefMe<ì oeyeeKeeueer HeeC³eele efJejIeUJetve `mees[eJee@ìj' nsHeÀmeHeÀmeCeejs Hes³e le³eej kesÀues. ³eeleerue keÀeye&efvekeÀ De@efme[ ns pe[ DeVeHe®eJeC³eeme ceole keÀjle Demeu³eeves ns Hes³e ueeskeÀefÒe³e þjues.

3) GkeÀUl³ee HeeC³eeHes#ee lesJe{îee®e HeeC³ee®³ee JeeHesÀcegUs nesCeeN³eepeKecee DeefOekeÀ leerJe´ keÀe Demeleele ?

GkeÀUl³ee HeeC³ee®es leeHeceeve 100 c (HeeC³ee®ee GlkeÀueveeyf eob )t Demele.sHeeC³ee®³ee JeeHeÀs ®es Hevg ne HeeC³eele ©Heelb ej neFs H& e³el¥ e ecf eÞeCee®es leeHeceeve 100cDemeles. GkeÀUles HeeCeer DebieeJej He[u³eeJej pesJe{er G<Celee DeeHeu³ee lJe®esueeefoueer peeF&ue. l³eeHes#ee oj ûe@ce JeeHesÀceeies 540 ke@À. FlekeÀer G<Celee JeeHesÀ®esHeeCeer nesleevee DebieeJej HesÀkeÀueer peeles. l³eecegUs peKecee leerJe´ mJe©Hee®³eeDemeleele. JeeHeÀs ®es êJeeYr eJeve (HeeCee)r neCs ³eeme ueeieCeeN³ee ³ee De¢M³e G<Celems eJeeHesÀ®³ee êJeerYeJevee®eer iegÒe G<Celee cnCeleele.

4) jemee³eefvekeÀ ¢<ìîee HeeC³ee®ee DeLe& keÀmee ueeJelee ³eslees ?YeeweflekeÀ¢<ìîee yeHe&À, HeeCeer, HeeC³ee®eer JeeHeÀ ner HeeC³ee®eer®e ©Hes Deensle.

HetJeea De@efjmìe@ìue®³ee celes, HeeCeer cetueêJ³e' nesles. HeCe Meem$e%e ue@Jne³epesvesjemee³eefvekeÀo=<ìîee HeeCeer ns meb³egie' Demeu³ee®es efme× kesÀues. ne³e[^espeve®³eeoesve DeCetb®ee Je Dee@efkeÌmepeve®³ee SkeÀe DeCetMeer meb³eesie nesTve HeeC³ee®ee SkeÀjsCet (H

2O) yeveuesuee Demelees.

- [e@. megOeerj ceeW[keÀj98695 75594

ÒeMve lecg e®ee, GÊej eJf e%eevee®es

JeeleeJeCeeleerue yeoue... Heeve 6 Jeªve23 cee®eu& ee mehb eCt e& peieele peeieelf ekeÀ nJeeceeve eof Jeme' meepeje keÀjleevee

³ee®eer oeKeue meJeev¥ eer IeCs es iejpe®s es Deen.s DeeeCf e l³eemeeþer DeeKeueus ³ee peeieelf ekeÀDeeeCf e jeäe³r e ³eeps eveecb eO³es Je%w eeevf ekeÀ ¢äekr eÀevs e þJs evt e Yeeie IeCs es iejpe®s es Deen.sl³ee®eer keÀeìks eÀejs heCes Decb eueyepeeJeCeer keÀjCes ¿eele®e Jeew éf ekeÀ enf le meeceeJeues Deen.slemes kesÀu³eeves®e met³e&ceeuesleerue meÐeelejer SkeÀe®e ie´neJej (he=LJeerJej) DemeuesuespeerJeveceeve megjef#ele DeeefCe DeyeeefOele jent MekesÀue. peeieeflekeÀ nJeeceeveefoJemee®³ee DeeheCee meJee&vee MegYes®íe !

meboYe&:1. Yeejleer³e nJeeceeveMeem$e efJeYeeie - DenJeeue : 2015 ®ee heeJemeeUe2. he´eosefMekeÀ nJeeceeveMeem$e keWÀê, cegbyeF& : DenJeeue - 2015 ®ee heeJemeeUe3. cegbyeF&®³ee leeheceeveeleerue yeoue ö ceewmece efJe%eeve heef$ekeÀe , veJeer efouueer 4. peeieeflekeÀ nJeeceeve mebIeìvee efoJeme : DenJeeue 2016.

(MeyoebkeÀve: Þeer me. ce. peþej, mene³ekeÀ nJeeceeve le%e)

11

Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue peerJemecetn ... uesKeebkeÀ 10 JeejlveekeÀje®es Deblejbie

[e@. Heg©<eesÊece keÀeUs ë 93225 07685

pesJne efkeÀveeje GmeUl³ee ueeìebvee DeeJneve osle Heg{sPegkeÀuesuee Demelees, YetKeb[ ceb®e eE®e®eesUe Demelees, YetKeb[ ceb®eDel³eeb lf ekeÀ Glejlee Demelees ekE eÀJee ueeìe®b ³ee DeeoUCee®r es yeU DeeOf ekeÀDemeles DeeefCe YetKeb[ ceb®e Ke[keÀebveer yeveuesuee Demelees lesJne DeMeeefkeÀveeN³eeJej Ke[keÀeU HegUCeer le³eej nesleele. Demee Ke[keÀeUefkeÀveeje keÌJeef®ele®e meceleue Demelees. meeceev³eleë l³eeJej GÊeìs(ledges), Gb®eJeìs, KeUies, kegbÀ[ peeieespeeie Dee{Uleele. megìsKe[keÀ, oie[, keÀHe®³ee, ieesìs Je DepewJe HeoeLe& Flemleleë HemejuesuesDee{Uleele. p³ee efþkeÀeCeer Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeruee Deefpeyeele De[esmeevemelees lesLes peerJemecetn DeYeeJeeves efomeleele. HeCe De[esmee Demeuesu³eeKe[keÀeU HegUCeer cee$e peerJecee$eebveer mece=× Demeleele. HebOejJe[îeeletveSkeÀoe, DeceeJem³ee Je HeewefCe&cee ³ee efleLeeRvee, mecegêeuee GOeeCe Demeles.³ee efleLeeRvee Deesnesìerle HeeCeer KetHe®e KeesueJej Deesmejle Demeu³eevesHegUCeer®es DeefOekeÀlece #es$e efvejKelee ³esles.

Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue JeemleJ³eemeeþer DevegketÀueves ëKe[keÀeU HegUCeer YekeÌkeÀce Je efmLej DeOeëmlejGHeueyOe keÀjerle Demeu³eeves efKeUJeCe (hold

fast) DemeCeejs efJeHeCeea (with fronds) MewJeeue³esLes Jee{t MekeÀleele. p³eecegUs ÒeeLeefcekeÀGlHeeove efJeHetue ÒeceeCeele nesles. ³eeKesjerpeSkeÀHesMeer³e MewJeeues Ke[keÀeb®³ee GIe[îeeHeÿ= YeeieeJb ej IeÆ e®f ekeÀìvt e Jee{leevee eof meleele.DeMee MewJeeueebJej GHeefpeefJekeÀe DemeCeeN³eece=otkeÀe³e ÒeeC³eebceO³es efkeÀl³eskeÀ obleeJeueerDemeuesueer HeeleU HeCe ueebye efpeJne Demelesefpeuee j@[îetuee cnCeleele Je leer Ke[keÀeb®³eeHe=ÿebvee KejJe[tve Devve efceUJee³euee GHe³egkeÌleþjles. oie[eb®³ee KeesyeC³eebceO³es Je YesieebceO³es©bo -ef®ekeÀì Heeo DemeCeejs ce=otkeÀe³e (molluscs), mecegêHegÀues(anemones), keÀJe®eer (crustaceans) mebefOeHeeo, oesjJee eEMeHeer(byssus mussels) ³eemeejKes ÒeeCeer Jeeme keÀjleele. ®eHeì ke=Àceer (flat

worms), eþf meUt leejs (brittle strats), leeje ceemee (star fish), peJeUe,KeskeÀ[s Demes ÒeeCeer l³eeb®³ee ®eHeìîee MejerjecegUs oie[eb®³ee HeÀìerleeEkeÀJee ueneve-ceesþîee oie[eb®³ee Keeueerue yeepetme jent MekeÀleele.Jeue³eebefkeÀle ke=Àceer ef®eKeuee®³ee eEkeÀJee ®egveKe[er®³ee veȳee oie[eb®³eeHeÿ= YeeieeJej yeveJevt e l³eele Deemeje Iels eele. MJemeveeJeeìs Jee³e®bg eer oJs eeCe

IesJeeCe Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue ÒeeC³eebvee DeefOekeÀ menpeHeCes keÀjlee³esles. keÀejCe ³eeb®es DeefYemejCe ÒeYeeJeerHeCes nesles. yengleskeÀ meejsDeHe=ÿJebMeer³e ÒeeCeer lJe®ee/Mejerj efYeefÊekeÀe DeeefCe / DeLeJee keÌueesce(gills) ³eeb®³eeÜejs MJemeve keÀjleele. ³eekeÀjerlee Deeê&lee DeeJeM³ekeÀDemeles Je Mues<ce ûebLeeR®³ee mebyebefOele DebieebJejerue efJeHeguelescegUs Deeê&leeOeejCe keÀªve Je eìf keÀJevt e þJs eueer peele.s ³eeeMf eJee³e ceo= kt eÀe³e ÒeeC³ee®b ³eeMebKe eEMeHeu³eebceO³es, keÀJe®eer ÒeeC³eeb®³ee He=ÿJecee&Keeueer, veefuekeÀeJeeefme³eeb®³ee veȳeebceO³es, yeejve@keÀume®³ee yee¿e kebÀkeÀeueeceO³es HeeCeermeeþJetve Oeªve MJemevee®eer mees³e kesÀuesueer Demeles. GIe[îee MeefjjebJejMues<cee®ee oeì Lej uesJetve, efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®eer keÀJe®es MejerjeYeesJeleerueJs evt e, pee[ yee¿e keÀb keÀeue DeLeJee MeKb e-eME eHeues Mejejr eYeeJs eleer yeveJevt eFLeues ÒeeCeer ÒeKej met³e& ÒekeÀeMe Je G®®e leHeceevee®ee meecevee keÀjleele.met³e& ÒekeÀeMe menpeer GHeueyOe Demeu³eeves ³esLeerue JevemHeleer lemes®e ÒeeCeerjbieer-yesjbieer Demeleele. lemes®e l³eebvee ÒekeÀeMe mebJesoveener Demeleele.ves$e keÀefCekeÀe, ves$ekesÀ, ves$ekeÀ mebIe Jee leHeefMeueJeej [esUs ³esLeerue

ÒeeC³eebceO³es Gl¬eÀe ble Peeuesues e fomeleele.Ke[keÀebceOeerue kegbÀ[ebceOetve cegkeÌle HeesnCeejs (free

sweeming) veevee leNns®es ÒeeCeer meg×e FLesDee{Uleele. ³eele keÀb ìkeÀe®r eceea ÒeeC³ee®b ³ee eJf eeJf eOeieìebleerue Òepeeleer, ceemes, mecegêer meeHe, keÀesUbyeer,efcelem³ebo ceemes, HeÀCeer efcelem³ebo DeMee efJeefJeOeÒeeC³eeb®ee DebleYee&Je Demelees.

Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJej pewJeefJeefJeOelee DeefOekeÀDemeu³eeves efJeefJeOe He×leeRveer Hees<eCe efceUefJeCeejsÒeeCeer FLes Dee{Uleele. meJe&®e ÒeeCeer HejHees<eerDemeues lejer keÀener jescekesÀ JeeHeªve HeeC³eeleeruemet#ce DevvekeÀCe ieeUtve IesTve peieleele. l³eebveeieeUkeÀ-Hees<eer (filter feeders) DeLeJee jescekeÀer

- Hees<eer (ciliary feeders) cnCeleele. Mues<ce m$eJetve l³eele ef®ekeÀìtveyemeCeejs DevveHeoeLe& þjeefJekeÀ Deblejeves KeeCeejs meeþJeCe - Ye#eer(deposit feeders), efJeIeìve nesle DemeCeejs keÀeye&veer HeoeLe& Ye#eCeejsDeHeceepe&ve Ye#eer (scavenger), ce=le MejerjebJej leeJe ceejCeejsce=leesHepeerJeer, Flej peerJeeb®es jkeÌle DeLeJee peerJevejme Mees<etve peieCeejsHejpeerJeer (parasites), Flej ÒeeC³eebvee ceeªve KeeCeejs eEnm$e HejYe#eer(predators) Demes efJeefJeOe-Hees<eer peerJe FLes meeHe[leele. iegbleeiegbleer®esDevvepeeue (food web), veeveeefJeOe DevvemeeKeȳee (food chains)

12

SkeÀceskeÀebme pees[u³ee peeTve Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue peerJemecegnelele³eej Peeuesues Dee{Ules.

Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue peerJeeb®eer #es$e efJeYeeieCeer(Zonation on rocky beach ) ë

Deesnesìer®³ee keÀeueeJeOeerle kesÀuesu³ee ÒeeLeefcekeÀ HeenCeerle®eKe[keÀeU HegUCeeRJejerue peerJeeb®eer #es$e efJeYeeieCeer menpeer ue#eele ³esles.GOJe-& Jeus ee®b eueer #e$s eele (Supra-littoral zone) epf eLes KeeN³ee HeeC³ee®³eeÒeemebefiekeÀ efMe[keÀeJ³ee J³eefleefjkeÌle Deeê&les®eer keÀcelejlee Demeles, lejme³t eÒ& ekeÀeMee®eer ÒeKejlee, leHeceeve, JeeN³ee®ee Jeis e DeeOf ekeÀ Demelees DeMeeefþkeÀeCeer Meg<keÀlee Je #eejlee oesvner menve keÀª MekeÀCeeN³eeMeg<keÀleeseqYoo (xerophytic) JevemHeleer leie Oeª Jee{leevee efomeleele.me³t eeox ³ee®³ee mecg eejeme Je meOb eeÒr ekeÀeMeele eJf eeJf eOe Òepeelee®R eer HeÀg ueHeeKej,sje$eer efvejefvejeUs Helebie Je je$ebefoJeme ³ee Pee[ebceOetve jenCeejs efJeefYevvekeÀerìkeÀ ³ee #es$eele efomeleele. Yet#es$eer³e peerJemebnleeruee (terrestral

biome) megmebiele Demee peerJemecetn p³eele mecegêer-peerJemecegne®esnerÒeefleefveOeer osKeerue Demeleele. Ke[keÀeU HegUCeer®³ee GOJe& Jesueeb®eueer#es$eele Dee{Ulees. keÀerìkeÀebJej GHeefpeefJekeÀe DemeCeejs keÀesUer, He#eer,mej[s, meeHemegjȳee Je l³eeb®es Ye#ekeÀ; He#³eebveer DeOe&Jeì KeeTveìekeÀueus es ÒeeC³ee®b es DeJeMe<s e, ueeìevb eer eYf ejkeÀeJeueus es meceêg er MeJw eeuee®b esefJeHeCe&, FLes Jee{CeeN³ee Pee[eb®ee Hee®eesUe ³eemeejK³ee efJeIeìveMeerueJe DeOe&efJeIeefìle HeoeLee¥Jej leeJe ceejCeeN³ee cegbi³ee, HeWiegU Je FlejkeÀerìkeÀ, efJeefJeOe ÒepeeleeR®eer keÀJekesÀ, ueneve efveMee®ej, memleve ÒeeCeernsner GOJe&-Jesueeb®eueer #es$eeleerue peerJemecegneble meceeefJeä Demeleele.

megJesueeb®eueer #es$eele G®®elece Yejleer js<esHeemetve veer®elece Deesnesìerjs<esHe³e¥le®ee efJeYeeie ³eslees. ³eele JejHeemetve KeeueHe³e¥le HeeCeer LeebyeC³ee®eerJeUs Del³elb e keÀceeHr eemevt e Del³eeeOf ekeÀHe³el¥ e Delb ejeÒeceeCes ¬eÀecf ekeÀ He×leevr esyeouele peele.s Jejeur e Yeeieele Me<g keÀlee menve keÀª MekeÀCeejs Je Deeêl& eeJee{lee®e p³eeb®es efJeHeCe& Gueie[leele DeMee ÒepeeleeR®es MewJeeue leieOejleele. pee[ MeKb e/yee¿e keÀb keÀeue Je oie[evb ee IeÆ jenC³ee®eer #eceleeDemeCeeN³ee eEueHeCeeRmeejKes GojHeeo (limpets like gastro pods)

yee¿e metJesueeb®eueer #es$eele efomeleele. GOJe& Jesueeb®eueer #es$eeHeemetve efvecveJesueeb®eueer #es$eeHe³e¥le®³ee ìeHetve ¬eÀceeves efveue-nefjle, nefjle, leHeefkeÀjerJe DeejkeÌle MewJeeue efometve ³esleele. GHepeeT #es$eele 200 ntve DeefOekeÀMewJeeue Òepeeleer Ke[keÀeU HegUCeerJej meeHe[leele. ³ee®³ee DeeleerueHeÆîeele yeejve@keÀume, l³eeKeeueer yeejve@keÀume, keÀeueJes (oysters) JeoesjJee eEMeHeer (mussels with byssus threads) DeeefCe l³eener KeeueerefJeefYevve ÒepeeleeR®es GojHeeo, mLeeveye× jbOe´Oeejer (poriferan) DeeefCeDeeblejie=ner mecetnpeerJe (sedentary coalenterate colonies),DeOe&mLeeveye× mecegêHegÀues (anemones), kebÀìkeÀer®eceea Je efJeefJeOeefvecveieìebleerue DeHe=ÿJebMeer³e ÒeeCeer, eEMeHeer Fl³eeoer ÒeeCeer oeìerJeeìervesjenleevee Dee{Uleele. kesÀJeU GojHeeo ce=otkeÀe³eebceO³es YeJeje MebKe(top shells), HesÀìe MebKe (turban shells), keÀJe[îee (cowries),®eb®et MebKe (beak cells), Debpeerj MebKe (fig shells), heefJe$e MebKe(sacred chanks), ìesHeer MebKe (bonnet shells), efMejm$eeCe MebKe(helmet shells), ®ebê MebKe (moon shells), ceUmet$eer MebKe (screw

shells), yes[gkeÀ MebKe (frog shells), MebketÀ MebKe (cone shells),keÀ[e MebKe (margen shells), yeg[yeg[e MebKe (bubble shells),efMe[er MebKe (ladders shells) DeMee ÒekeÀej®³ee efJeefJeOe Òepeeleer lejeEMeHeeRceO³es (bivalve molluses) penepe eEMeHeer (ark mussels), HeeKeereEMeHeer (winged mussels), Keesieerj eEMeHeer (saddle clams), Hee®ejeEMeHeer (wedge clams), Jemleje eEMeHeer (razor shells), DeMceHeesKejeEMeHeer (rock borer clams), keÀeueJeb (oysters) ³eeb®³ee ÒepeeleerDee{Uleele. Dee@keÌìesHeme meejKes DeäHeeo-efMejesHeeo ce=otkeÀe³e,KeskeÀ[îeeb®es DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej, efJeefYevve efveJeìîeeb®³ee Òepeeleer (mud

skippers) , DeveeJe=Êe keÌueesce (nudibranch) ce=otkeÀe³e ÒeeC³eeb®³eemecegê-MeMe (sea hare) meejK³ee Òepeeleer FLeu³ee oie[ebKeeueer JekegbÀ[ebceO³es meeHe[leele.

DeHeleìer³e DeLeJee efvecveJesueeb®eueer (sub-littoral) #es$eele Denesje$eHeeC³eeves PeekeÀuesuee leU Demelees p³eeJej keÀeb®e-lebletmece Deeblej-kebÀkeÀeue DemeCeejs jbOe´Oeejer (glass sponges), kebÀìkeÀ-ieesuekesÀ (sea

urchins), meceêg keÀekeÀ[îee (sea cucumbers) eJf eeJf eOe ÒekeÀej®es ÒeJeeue(corals) DeeeCf e DemeKb ³e DeekeÀej, ÒekeÀej Je jib ee®b es ceemes Dee{Uleele.leUeueiele Jee{CeeN³ee ÒeeC³eebJej efveJee&n keÀjCeejs OeeJegkeÀe DeLeJeemkesÀì Je js ceemes lemes®e peerJe-DevegefoHleerkeÀj ceemes (bioluminescent

fish) ³eebveer ³egkeÌle peerJemecetn Jeeme keÀjleele. ³eeleerue ÒeJeeU HeefjmebmLeepeieeleeur e meJeel& e DeeOf ekeÀ peJw eJeew Jf eO³e DemeCeejer Del³elb e GHepeeJet Hejlb etlesJe{er®e veepetkeÀ HeefjmebmLee®e DeY³eemee®ee mJeleb$e efJe<e³e Demet MekeÀles.

SkebÀoj Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRMeer efveieef[le peerJemecetn ceeveJeernmle#esHeecegUs Je ceeveJe efveie[erle Òeot<eCeecegUs #eleerûemle Je leCeeJeûemlePeeuee Deens. ³eeleerue DeveskeÀ Òepeeleer Demlebiele nesC³ee®³ee JeeìsJejDeensle. ceeveJeeves pej DeefOekeÀ peyeeyeoejerves Je mecepegleerves ³eeb®³eej#eCee®es, mebJeOe&vee®es ³elve kesÀues veenerle lej l³ee®³ee meejKee ogozJeerlees®e Demesue.

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Demes ceuee Jeeìle.s ..! lecg neuee?efJeMes<e uesKe

[e@. veeiesMe ìskeÀeUs ë nstekale@gmail.com : 98696 12531

cejeþJee[îee®³ee ûeeecf eCe Yeeieeleeur e ceePes ieeJe lemes yeN³eeHekw eÀerceesþs. ueeskeÀmebK³ee Deboepes 5000; leerner 1960-70 keÀeUeceOeerue.ieeJee®³ee yeensj Kesìtve®e JeenCeeN³ee oesve veÐee, meJe&$e Pee[er. l³eecegUspeJeU ³esF&He³e¥le ³ee Ieveoeì Je=#ejepeerceO³es SKeeos ieeJe ueHeuesues Deensns keÀUle vemes. ieeJeeuee HetJe& -HeefM®ece oesve JesMeer. DeeleceO³es ueiele®ekeÀeȳee DeeeCf e ueeue cee©lee®r eer ceeb of j.s JeMs eeur ee ueeievt e®e yeenjs YejHejtHeeCeer Demeuesuee Dee[. l³eeuee pees[tve SkeÀ ceesþs ©F®es Pee[. ieeJeeleÒeJesMe keÀjCeeje Òel³eskeÀ Jeeìme© Dee[eJej nele Hee³e mJe®í OegJetve©F&®es SkeÀ Heeve cee©leeruee DeHe&Ce keÀ©ve®e ieeJeele ÒeJesMe keÀjle Demes.yejeys ej Deeueus ³ee peeJr epelb evbt ee JeMs eeyr eenjs mee[s vt e Deejeis ³e oJs ele®s es oMev& eIesTve ceie®e ieeJeele ³esCes ner efkeÀleer megbiej HejbHeje.l³eekeÀeUer SJe{îeeceeþs îee ueeks eÀmeKb ³ems e Deece®³ee ieeJeele HeÀkelÌ e SkeÀ®e JeÐw e nels e.s Deece®esIej yejs®e ceesþs, cnCepes Jee[e®e neslee. SkeÀ$e kegÀìgbye He×leer Demeu³eevesIejele meJe& Oeeefce&keÀ meCe-Jeej, GlmeJe, Hetpee meepeN³ee nesle.Deepeesyeebveer Òel³eskeÀeme keÀeces Jeeìtve efoueer nesleer. l³eeHewkeÀer®e SkeÀkeÀece cnCepes ojjeps e meOb ³eekeÀeUer cee©leeur ee leus e Jeele IeTs ve peeCe.sceeP³ee Meeue³s e epf eJeveele ns keÀece ceeP³ee Jeeìîeeuee Deeues nels es DeeeCf eceuee les Deelf eMe³e DeeJe[le nels e.s keÀejCe ceeb of jeme Keìs vt e Demeueus eeYeueeceesþe JeìJe=#e Je l³eeJej efoJemee Gueìer ueìketÀve PeesHeuesueernpeejes JeìJeeIeUt s DeeeCf e mee³b ekeÀeU nels ee®e l³ee®³eeceOeeur e SkeÀSkeÀmeìg vt e JeMs eeyr eenjs He[Ceejer evf eMee®eej.s ³ee Je#= ee®³ee menJeemeele ceePeermebO³eekeÀeU DeJeCe&veer³e Demes. ogHeejer pesJeCee®³ee megÆerle IejerDeeu³eeJej ceer nìketÀve l³ee Je[eKeeueer peeTve Jej Heenle Demes.JeìJeeIetUe®ee ceePee mebyeOe ne Demee Deeuee DeeefCe 1964 He³e¥leceer l³ee®ee Òeefleefove cevecegjeo Deevebo uegìuee. ³ee He#³ee®ee ceePee mebyeOevelb ej Seuf eHeÀvìe, keÀevnjs e®r eer ueCs ee,r ueeCs eej®es mejeJs ej Je 2013 meeueerìskeÌmeemeceOeerue Dee@efmìve ³esLes peemle peJeUtve Deeuee DeeefCe DeveskeÀpegv³ee DeeþJeCeer peeie=le Peeu³ee . DebieCeeceOeerue ef®eTleeF&, JesMeer®³eeDeele Demeueus es JeìJeeIeUt DeeeCf e ieeJeeyeenjs Mels eeceO³es veeib eje®³eeceeieseHf eÀjCeejs keÀeJeUs ns ceePes Hee#f e yeeueecf e$e, l³eele JeìJeeIeUt peje peemle®epeJeU®es les mJele:me Gueìs ìeib evt e IeCs ³ee®³ee ÒekeÀejeceUg .s ieeCf ele ®ekg eÀueskeÀer HeJeej ieg©peer ceuee ’JeìJeeIegUe meejKee Gueìe ìebietve Pees[HetvekeÀe{us e’ Demes cnCelee®e ceeP³ee [eÈs ³eemeceejs keÀepeJes ®ecekeÀC³eeSJw epeerlees JeìJe=#e DeeefCe l³eeme ueìkeÀuesueer npeejes JeìJeeIetUs efomele, meJe&ieefCeleele veeHeeme Peeuesueer, veblej ceuee keÀUeues keÀer lees l³eeb®³eeepf eJeveMeuw ee®r ee®e SkeÀ Yeeie Deen.s JeìJeeIeUt ne pevceueus ³ee keÀg $ee®³ee

eHf euee®³ee DeekeÀejeSJe{e, ceeCemeeme peJeU DemeCeeje SkeÀceJs e memleveHe#eer Deen.s jib e leeyb emt e keÀeUe, Deib eeJej keÀs me, G<Ce jkelÌ e, ceeCemeejKeeob[, ueebye yeesìs, l³eebvee pees[Ceejer keÀele[er, HebKe ceeCemee®³eeneleemeejKes efomeCeejs, ceeCemeemeejKes Hee³e, GbojemeejKes leeW[, [esUsueneve, keÀeve Yeuecs eeþs .s cec@ eue Demevt ener G[Ceeje ne He#eer IejepeJeUDemetvener ceer ogjve®e Heeefnuee, cee$e ye@ìce@ve DeeefCe [@ke̳euee®³ee ©Heeleceuee lees ef®e$eHeìIeje®³ee He[ÐeeJej peJeUtve HeneJe³eeme efceUeuee.efvemeiee&le ³ee He#ee®³ee DeekeÀej Je DeenejeJej DeJeuebyetve DeveskeÀ peeleerDeensle l³eeleerue 70ìkeÌkesÀ efkeÀìkeÀ Ye#ekeÀ Je Deboepes 30ìkeÌkesÀMeekeÀenejer Deensle. ceemeebnejer JeìJeeIetUs nJesleerue efkeÀìkeÀ, [eme,peecf eveeJr ejeur e ye[s kt eÀ, mej[,s HeeC³ee®³ee Heÿ= Yeeieeueiele®es ceemes DemeeDeenej Iesleele. JeìJeeIetUebvee ceeCemeebmeejKes oele, efpeYe Demeles.ceekeÀ[eÒeceeCes les Devve kegÀjle[tve Keeleele. ne He#eer met³ee&mle nesTve

DebOeej He[t ueeieuee keÀer Pee[eJe©ve megìtve nJesle PesHe IesTve Ye#eMeesOeC³eemeeþer yeensj He[lees. ³eeuee symbol of night DemesnercnCeleele. nJesleerue Ye#e HekeÀ[leevee lees efJeefMe<ì OJeveeruenjer le³eejkeÀjlee.s ³ee uenjer meYeeJs elee®r ³ee JeeleeJejCeele Hemejleele, l³ee®b ³ee ceeieel& ee fkeÀìkeÀ©Heer Ye#e Deeues keÀer ³ee uenjer l³eeuee De[KeUtveJeìJeeIeUekeÀ[s HejeJeefle&le nesleele DeeefCe ³ee®ee Deboepe IesTvemeks eÀb oe®³ee DeJeOeelr e ne He#eer DeeHeues Ye#e HekeÀ[vt e ceìkeÀeJevt e ìekeÀlee.sJeìJeeIetU ne JemeenleerceO³es jenCeeje He#eer Deens. SkeÀ npeeje®eerJemeenle SkeÀe Je<ee¥le ®eej ìve efkeÀìkeÀ Deenej cnCetve mebHeJeles. ceie neceeCemee®ee ecf e$e keÀer Me$e?t JeìJeeIeUt nJecs eO³e®s e Ye#³e HekeÀ[vt e lee[W evesleLs e®s e meHb eeJf elees cee$e keJÌ ee®q ele HeKb eeKeeueer ueHeJevt e Pee[eJej ³eTs ve meOg oeKeeleele. MeekeÀenejer JeìJeeIetUs efHekeÀuesueer HeÀUs, HegÀueeceOeerue ceOe

14

DeeJe[evr es Keeleele. Meke³Ì elees Pee[eJej®es HeÀU lee[s vt e ojt Jej Demeueus ³eeSKeeÐee Je=#eeJej yemetve meeJekeÀeMe Keeleele Je HeefjHekeÌJe efye³ee KeeueerìekeÀleele. DeJeI³ee Heef½ece Ieeìe®eer efveefce&leer ³ee He#³ee®³ee ceeO³eceeletvePeeueer Deens, ns ceePes efJeOeeve Oee[mee®es þª ve³es les ³ee®ecegUs.JeìJeeIeUt e®³ee eJf e<þHs eemevt e GlkeÀ= <ì Demes Kele ecf eUles les l³ee®³ee DeMee®eewjme DeenejecegUs®e. JeìJeeIetUe®ee nJesleerue DeLeJee peefceveerJejerueYe#e HekeÀ[C³ee®es ieefCele Ye#ee®ee DeekeÀej, Deblej Je l³ee®ee Jesie ³eeJejDeJeueyb evt e Demele.s ns ieeCf ele ne He#eer keÀener meks eÀb oele mee[s Jelee.s ieeCf eleefJe<e³ee®ee jeie ceeP³ee ceveele ueneveHeCeeHeemetve®e neslee lees HeJeejie©g peecr eUg .s cee$e He#eepr eieleeleeur e ne Þe<s þ ieeCf elelep%e ceuee ceveeHeemevt eYeeJeuee lees l³ee®³ee keÀeU, keÀece DeeefCe Jesie ³ee Ye#e ieefCeleecegUs®e .JeìJeeIeUt e®es pevce ieeCf ele ceeCemeemeejKe®s e HeCe ceeCemeeuee ueepeJeCeejsDeens. ne memleve He#eer Je<ee&uee SkeÀe®e yeeUeuee pevce oslees. yeeUDeeF&uee ef®ekeÀìtve efle®es otOe efHeles. oesve les ®eej ceefnv³eele ceesþs nesles.DeeefCe DeeHeCentve je$eer He#eer Ye#e MeesOeC³eeme yeensj He[les. kegÀìgbyeevf e³eeps evee®es Oe[s ³ee He#eeHeemevt e®e I³eeJels e. ecf eueve Peeu³eevelb ej yeeUeueekeÀOeer pevce Ðee³e®ee ns meYeeJs elee®r ³ee Heejf emf Lelee®r ee, GHeueyOed DeVee®ee,Pee[eJej, ieng ls e, ceeb of jele jenC³eemeeþer peeiee GHeueyOe DeenskeÀe? ns Heenvt e®e þjeJf eues peele.s ceeoecr eO³es Me¬g eÀeCetlemes®e HeÀueerle Deb[s meeþJetve þsJeC³ee®eer#ecelee Demeles. DecesefjkeÀe, ³egjesHeceO³esHeÀe@ue efmePeve ceO³es efceueve Peeues lejerDeb[s HeÀefuele nesC³eeme Jebmele $eÝglegGieJelees. 20 Je<ex pescelesceDee³eg<³e ueeYeuesuee ne He#eer leerve-®eej yeeUeveeb®epescelesce pevce oslees. ueeskeÀmebK³es®³ee Yemceemetjeme leeW[ osleevee DeepeDeecner He³ee&JejCee®ee yeUer osle Deenesle. ³ee He#ee®es kegÀìgbyeefve³eespeveDeeHeCeeme efkeÀleerlejer %eeve osTve peeles. HeeCeer efHeleevee megOoe ne He#eervesnceer LeWye LeWye efHelees. HeeC³ee®³ee LeWyee®es cenÊJe l³eeuee keÀUles DeeefCeDeecner cee$e mveeveien= ele yekeÀs ì®ee DeekeÀej peemleelr e peemle ceeþs e keÀmeeDemeus e ¿eekeÀ[s keÀìe#eeves ue#e ols ee.s ekf eÀìkeÀeHb eemevt e neCs eeN³ee Meks eÀ[esjeis eeHb eemevt e ceeveJe peelee®r es j#eCe keÀjCeeje ne He#eer ceeCemee®³ee keÀeȳee³eeoerle keÀe Deens ns Depetvener ceuee keÀes[s®e Deens. DebOeejeJej jep³ekeÀjCeeje ne He#eejr epe DeOb eÞeOoe, keÀeUer peeot keÀe³eee& vf Jele keÀjC³eemeeþermeJe$& e JeeHejuee peelee.s yeeUeuee HeepeCeeN³ee JeìJeeIeUt e®es jkelÌ e eHf eC³ee®esÒekeÀej ceer DeeefÖeÀkesÀceOeerue DeeefoJeemeerceO³es Heeefnues Deensle. cnCetve®eceuesefj³eeves lesLeerue ueeKees DeefoJeemeer ÒeefleJe<eer& cejCe HeeJeleele ³ee®esceuee keÀOeenr er DeeM®e³e& Jeeìues veene.r keÀeUer peeot peieele meJe$& e eof meleDemeleevee Fib ue[ ceO³es cee$e ³ee He#³eeme meHb eCt e& j#eCe Deen.s ³ee He#³ee®³eeefveJeememLeeveeme efJe®eefuele kesÀu³eeme lesLes HeÀej ceesþe ob[ Deens. ³ee®eoMs eele JeìJeeIeUt e®b ³ee evf eJeememLeeveemeeþer Meemeveeves keÀ= e$f ece ieng e meOg oele³eej kesÀu³ee Deensle.leerve Je<ee&HetJeea ceer DecesefjkesÀceOeerue ìskeÌmeemeÒeeblee®³ee Dee@efmìve Menjeleerue veoer mebJeOe&ve Je mebj#eCe mebmLes'me Yesì

efoueer. ³ee Menjele keÀeBûesme De@Jnsv³et Hetue Deens. peieeceOeerue meJee¥leceesþer JeìJeeIetUeb®eer Jemeenle ³ee HegueeKeeueer jenles. mebK³ee efkeÀleerDeens? leyyeue 1,500,000. ³ee Jemeenleerue ìskeÌmeeme mejkeÀej®es HetCe&mebj#eCe Deens. ÒeefleefoJeMeer MeskeÀ[es He³e&ìkeÀ Heguee®³ee keÀÆîeeJej ³eeHe#³ee®es HegueeKeeuetve meceesj®³ee JeeleeJejCeeleerue PesHeeJeCes Heenleele.ueeKees He#³eeb®es ns je$eer®es mLeueeblej 15-20 efceefveìs ³ee Yeeieele efceÆkeÀeUesKe efvecee&Ce keÀjles ³ee Òemebiee®ee ceer SkeÀ mee#eeroej Demeu³ee®eeceuee DeefYeceeve Deens. ³ee He#³ee®ee Demee®e SkeÀ DeefJoleer³e mevceeveceer DecesefjkesÀceOeerue HeÌueesefj[e efJeÐeeefHeþeceO³es Heeefnuee. ³esLesefJeÐeeefHeþeceeHe&Àle peieeleerue meJee¥le ceesþs `ye@ì neTme' GYeejC³eeleDeeues Deens. ³esLes 300,000 JeìJeeIetUs efJeÐeeefHeþe®es HeengCes cnCetveDeepener efveJeeme keÀjleele. JeìJeeIetU mebJeOe&vee®es ns Oe[s pesJne ceerHeenlees lesJne oesve Je<ee¥HetJeea DeeHeu³ee cegbyeF& efJeÐeeefHeþe®³ee keÀefueveemebketÀueeletve l³eeb®³ee Je=#eeJej®³ee Jemeenleer [sjsoej Je=#eebvee keÀeHetveGoOd Jemle keÀs u³ee®ens er HeenC³eele Deeue.s HeCt eH& eCes Jee{ueus es oceoej Je#= eneriesues DeeefCe meesyele l³eeJej®eer JeìJeeIetUsmegOoe. oesve-®eej ueeskeÀeb®³eele¬eÀejer®³ee DeeJeepeecegUs efkeÀleerlejer Je=#eeb®ee DeeefCe npeejes

JeìJeeIetUeb®ee DeeJeepe keÀe³ece®ee efceìuee iesuee DeeefCe lees megOoeefJeÐeeHeerþ Heefjmejele, pesLes peeieeflekeÀ opee&®ee

meceO= o Demee peJw eeJf eeJf eOelee eJf eYeeie Deen.sueneveHeCeer ieeJeele efJepe vemeu³eevesDeecner ecf e$e ce[b Uer ûeeceHe®b ee³elee®r ³eemeeJe&peefvekeÀ KegìkeÀbe fouee®³eeÒekeÀeMeeKeeueer je$eer one He³e¥le

DeY³eeme keÀjle Demet. ceeP³ee ³ee DeY³eemee®³ee Deee fCeefMe#eCeeceOeerue Òeieleerme JeìJeeIetUe®ee megOoe menYeeie neslee Demescnìu³eeme Dee½e³e& JeeìeJe³eeme vekeÀes. kebÀe foueeceO³es e foJeeueeieu³eeyejesyej MeskeÀ[es Helebie l³ee YeesJeleer ieesUe nesle. Je[eJejerueJeìJeeIetUeb®ee ne yeskeÀHeÀemì Demes DeeefCe Deecnebme mJe®í ÒekeÀeMe.Deepe ceer pesJne ieeJeer peelees lesJne efJepes®ee ueKeueKeeì HeneJe³eemeecf eUlee.s ³ee ÒekeÀeMeele Deepener ceer l³ee oevs e JeMs ee,r ©F®es Pee[, HeeC³eevesYejueus ee Dee[ DeeeCf e lees YeJ³e JeìJe#= e DeeeCf e l³eeJejeur e JeìJeeIeUt e®b eerÞeecr elb eer MeeOs ele Deen.s keÀeUe®³ee DeeIs eele meJe& ie[He Peeues Deens ³eeJejDepetvener efJeMJeeme yemele veener. kegÀþs iesueer Demeleerue ceePeer npeejesJeìJeeIetUs? ceveg<³ee®es efce$e cnCetve peieC³ee®ee l³eeb®ee Òe³elve Deecnerefveo&³eHeCes keÀe lees[uee? JeeleeJejCe yeoueeceO³es jesiejeF&, IeelekeÀefkeÀìkeÀeb®eer mebK³ee Jee{le Deens. ieeJee®es, Menje®es ³eeHeemetve j#eCekeÀjC³ee®es keÀece JeìJeeIetUemeejKee He#eer®e keÀª MekeÀlees. Òel³eskeÀieeJeeceO³es JeìJe#= e DemeeJels e, l³eeJej JeìJeeIeUt s DemeeJeelr e. Deejeis ³e,He³ee&JejCe meg¢{ JneJes, ieeJee®es j#eCe JneJes Demes ceuee Jeeìles!legcneuee?

¬eÀceMeë

15

SkeÀe íeìs îeeMee Pejeks e³Ì eelevt e.... (®eH@ ìj 13 - Yeeie 3)DeeefCe Jemeble mleyOe Peeuee...

mee³eueWì efmÒebie - uesefKekeÀe ë js®eue keÀeme&ve mJewj DevegJeeo ë meercee efHeleUs

chromosome (10upon7– 10 upon 10 bp)DNA Gene (10 upon3 – ten upon6 bp)

(A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes function.A chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA containing

many genes. A human chromosome can have up to

500 millionbase pairs of DNA with thousands of genes.)

pej ne peeJr eveÒeJeen eHf e{îeeveeHf e{îee ®eeuele jne³euee nJeeDemesue lej, Mejerje®eer Jee{ nesC³eemeeþer, l³eeleerue HesMeermecetn JeDeJe³eJeeb®eer j®evee keÀjCeeN³ee HesMeeRceO³es l³eeb®eer mebK³ee DeveskeÀHeìervesJee{efJeC³ee®eer MekeÌleer Demee³euee®e nJeer. meceeve iegCeOece& Demeuesu³eeoesve HesMeeRHewkeÀer SkeÀer®es meceefJeYeepeve (cee³eìesefmeme) efkebÀJee keWÀêe®eseJf eYeepeve DeMee Òee¬f eÀ³evs es ns meeO³e nels e.s peJs ne SKeeoer HeMs eer eJf eYeepevenesC³ee®³ee ceeiee&Jej Demeles lesJne efle®³eele DeefleMe³e cenlJee®es yeouenels eele. ÒeLece HeMs ee®r ³ee keÀW êmLeeveer DeeeCf e ceie DeKejs emr e meHb eCt e& HeMs eelr eyeoue neslees. keWÀêmLeeveeceO³es iegCemet$es (¬eÀesceesmeescme) jnm³ece³eefjl³eeneue®eeue keÀjleele Je efJeYeeefpele nesleele. les mJele:uee efMemleyeOoHeCesDeveeeof keÀeueeHeemevt e ®eeuele Deeueus ³ee DeekeÀ= elf eyeOb eele emf Lele keÀjleele.l³eeceUg s DeveJg eeeb Mf ekeÀlee evf ee½f ele keÀjCeejs ieCg eOece& pevekg eÀecb eO³es Je veJeevr ekeÀv³eeHesMeeRceO³es Òemeejerle keÀjC³eeme ceole nesles. ÒeLece ner iegCemet$es(¬eÀecs eems eecs e) leeCeueus ³ee oejs emr eejKes mJeªHe Iels eele. l³ee®b ³eeJej pevekg eÀsmejU js<else ceeb[ueer peeleele. peCet keÀener oesN³eele ceCeer DeesJeeJesle.ceie Òel³eskeÀ iegCemet$e ueebyeervegmeej efJeYeeieues peeles. (pevegkeÀeb®esnerefJeYeepeve nesles.) pesJne HesMeer®es oesve Yeeie nesleele. lesJne l³eeleerueÒel³eskeÀe®ee DeOee& Yeeie keÀv³eeHesMeerkeÀ[s peelees. ³eeÒekeÀejs Òel³eskeÀ veJeerveHesMeerceO³es iegCemet$eeb®ee mebHetCe& meb®e (mesì) Demelees DeeefCe l³eelemeeþeJf eueus eer pevekg eÀeeJf e<e³ee®r eer ceeenf leer HeCe Demele.s ³ee HeOoleevr es Òel³eks eÀ

Òepeeleer®es DebieYetle iegCeOece& Jee Òel³eskeÀ peeleer®es JewefMeÿîe peleve kesÀuespeeles. ³ee ÒekeÀejs pemes®³ee lemes efvecee&Ce nesles.

yeepr e HeMs ee®R eer Ie[Ce neCs ³eemeeþer SkeÀ Keeme ÒekeÀej®es HeMs eer eJf eYeepeveIe[les. keÀejCe l³ee l³ee Òepeeleermeeþer iegCemet$eeb®eer mebK³ee þjefJeuesueerDeens. veJeerve peerJee®³ee efveefce&leermeeþer yeerpeeb[s DeeefCe Meg¬eÀpevlet ³eeb®eeme³b eeis e Jne³euee nJee. l³eeJeUs ms e l³eevb eer Òel³eks eÀ Òepeelee®r eer keÀs JeU DeOee®a eiegCemet$es Heg{s v³ee³euee nJeer. HesMeer efJeYeepeveeletve veJ³ee yeerpeHesMeer le³eejnesle Demeleevee iegCemet$eeb®³ee Jele&veeceO³es / keÀe³e&ÒeCeeueerceO³es pes yeouenesleele, l³eecegUs keÀe³e& efJeue#eCeefjl³ee De®etkeÀHeCes HeefjHetCe& kesÀues peeles.HeCe ³ee JesUsme iegCemet$eeb®es (¬eÀesceesmeescmed) oesve Yeeie nesle veenerle, lejÒel³eskeÀ pees[erleues SkeÀ mebHetCe& iegCemet$e Òel³eskeÀ veJ³ee keÀv³eeHesMeerceO³espeeles.

Heb®eceneYetleeb®³ee ³ee veeìîeele mebHetCe& Dee³eg<³e SkeÀHeCes ÒekeÀì PeeuesDeen.s HeL= JeeJr ejeur e peeJr emeä= emr eeþer HeMs ee®r ³ee eJf eYeepevee®eer Òee¬f eÀ³ee Deieoermeeceev³e Deen.s ceeveJe®e veener lej Deceeyr eemeOg oe, Òe®e[b ceeþs e emf ekeÀg DeeJe=#e®e veener lej meeOeer yegjMeer®eer (³eermì) HesMeermegOoe ³ee efJeYeepevee®³eeÒeef¬eÀ³esefMeJee³e HeÀej keÀeU efpeJeble jent MekeÀle veener. keÀesCeleerner ieesäpeer ³ee HesMeer®³ee meceefJeYeepeveele De[LeUe DeeCeles, leer cnCetve®e l³eepeeJr ee®³ee GÊece Dee³e<g ³eemeeþer DeeeCf e l³ee®b ³ee melb eleemr eeþer Oeeks eÀeoe³ekeÀþjles.

`HesMeer®³ee meceefJeYeepeveemen (cee³eìesefmemed) HesMeerce³e mebmLes®eer nerKeeme ue#eCes vekeÌkeÀer®e meeOeejCe 500 oMeue#e Je<ee&Heemetve Jee 1000oMeue#e Je<ee&bHeemetve®eer Deensle' Demes pee@pe& iesuee@[& efmecHemeve DeeefCel³ee®b es menkeÀejer eHf eìvs e[enr Je eìf HeÀveer ³eevb eer l³ee®b ³ee Dee³e<g ³ee®³ee meHb eCt e&Dee{eJee IeCs eeN³ee Hemg lekeÀele euf eneur es Deen.s SkeÀe DeLeev& es ³ee eJf eéeeleeur epeeJr eve, ns pejer veepekt eÀ Je ielbg eeielbg ee®r es Demeues lejenr er les Dee½e³ek& eÀejkeÀHeCeskeÀeuee®³ee DeesIeele ef®ejkeÀeueerve Demes Deens ö Deieoer HeJe&leeHes#eeDeefOekeÀ efìkeÀeT Deens. SkeÀe efHe{erletve ogmeN³ee efHe{erkeÀ[s lebleeslebleHeCesHeesnes®eCeejs DeevegJeebefMekeÀ iegCeOece& DeeefCe l³eeleerue DeefJeéemeveer³eDe®etkeÀHeCee ³eeJej ner ef®ejkeÀeueervelee HetCe&HeCes DeJeuebyetve Deens.'

Hejbleg ³ee uesKekeÀebvee npeej oMeue#e Je<ee¥®ee efJe®eej keÀjleevee Demesue#eele Deeues keÀer, j®eves®³ee ³ee Dee½e³e&keÀejkeÀefjl³ee De®etkeÀHeCes®eeueCeeN³ee keÀe³ee&Jej DeepeHe³e¥le keÀesCeerner Fleke̳ee peesjoejHeCesmejUmejU DeeIeele kesÀuee veJnlee. efpelekeÀe efJemeeJ³ee MelekeÀe®³eeceO³eeJej Peeuesuee ceeveJeefveefce&le efkeÀjCeeslmeie& DeeefCe ceeveJeeves le³eej

16

keÀªve Òemeejerle kesÀuesu³ee jmee³eveebveer kesÀuee Deens. Dee@mìsefue³ee®esÒeefmeOo [e@keÌìj Je veesyesue Heeefjlees<ekeÀ efJepeslee, mej ce@keÀHeÀeuexve yevexì³eevb ee Demes Jeeìles keÀe,r Deepe®³ee keÀeUeleeur e JeÐw ekeÀ #e$s eeleeur e meJeel& ecenlJee®es JewefMeäîe Demes keÀer, peemleerle peemle leerJe´ ÒeceeCeele nesleDemeueus ³ee jeis ee®f ekeÀelr mems eyb eOb ee®r ³ee keÀe³eH& eOoleecr eUg s DeeeCf e Meeejf jekr eÀ#ecelesHeueerkeÀ[®³ee jemee³eefvekeÀ HeoeLee¥®³ee efveefce&leercegUs DeblemLeDeJe³eJeeleeur e peeJr eMeem$ee³r e yeoue jeKs eC³eemeeþer vemw eeif ek& eÀHeCes Mejejr eleemf Lele Demeueus eer mejb #ekeÀ HeÀUer JeejJb eej HeÀe[s vt e Deele eMf ejC³ee®es keÀe³e&Ie[les Deens.

ceeveJeer Mejerje®³ee iegCemet$eeb®ee (¬eÀesceesmeescmed) DeY³eeme DepetveDeYe&keÀeJemLesle®e Deens. l³eecegUs ³ee He³ee&JejCeer³e yeouee®es HeefjCeecel³eeb®³eeJej keÀe³e nesT MekeÀleele, ns DeY³eemeCes vegkeÀles®e Meke̳e nesTueeieues Deen.s 1956 meeueHe³el¥ e ns Meke³Ì e veJnle.s HeCe veJ³ee le$b e%eeveevesceeveJee®³ee HeMs eecr eO³es - 46- ieCg eme$t es Deenls e, ns De®ekt eÀHeCes evf eOeej& elr ekeÀjCes Meke̳e Peeues Deens. ³eeefMeJee³e leHeMeerueJeejHeCes HetCe& iegCemet$es JeeiegCemet$ee®es YeeiemegOoe Deensle Je veenerle ns leHeemeCes Meke̳e Peeues Deens.He³ee&JejCeeleerue keÀener ieesäeRcegUs DeevegJeebefMekeÀlesuee keÀener DeHee³e Jeeef#eleer Heesnes®et MekeÀles, ner mebHetCe& mebkeÀuHevee®e l³ee leguevesves veJeerve Deens.DeevegJeebefMekeÀles®³ee le%eebefMeJee³e Flejebvee ns mecepele veener DeeefCe ³eele%eeb®ee meuuee keÌJeef®ele®e Iesleuee peelees. efkeÀjCeeslmeiee&Heemetve nesCeejsJesieJesieUs OeeskesÀ Deelee ³eesi³e efjleerves meJe&%eele Peeues Deensle. lejernerkeÀener efþkeÀeCeer Dee½e³e&keÀejkeÀHeCes les veekeÀejues peele Deensle. [e@.c³eguejveer DeveskeÀ Òemebieer JeejbJeej ³ee efJe<e³eer Keso J³ekeÌle kesÀuee DeenskeÀe,r DeeveJg eeeb Mf ekeÀle®s eer lelJes leLee keÀejCes mJeekr eÀejC³eeme yenlg eks eÀ JeUs eefJejesOe kesÀuee peelees lees, p³eebvee OeesjCe þjefJeC³eemeeþer efve³egkeÌle kesÀuesDeens DeMee mejkeÀejer DeefOekeÀeN³eebkeÀ[tve DeeefCe efkeÀleerlejer JewÐekeÀer³eJ³eJemee³eeleeur e J³ekelÌ eekR eÀ[vt e.' ner ieeäs Kejer keÀer meJe& pevele®s ³ee ceveeleDeelee pescelesce ³ee efJe®eejeme DeejbYe Peeuee Deens keÀer, jmee³eves DeieoerefkeÀjCeeslmeiee&meejKee®e HeefjCeece keÀª MekeÀleele. lemes JewÐekeÀer³e JeMeem$ee³r e #e$s eele keÀece keÀjCeeN³ee keÀeceieeje®b ³ee ceveelener les ³els e veene.rl³eecegUs Òe³eesieMeeUsleerue GHe³eesieeJ³eeflejerkeÌle jespe®³ee JeeHejeleeruejmee³evee®b es Heejf Ceece Depevt e HeejKeues ieus es veenelr e. ns Deelf eMe³e cenlJee®esDemetve ns kesÀues®e Heeefnpes.

¿ee mebYeeJ³e Oeeske̳ee®ee Deboepe yeebOeCeejs mej ce@keÀHeÀuee&ve ns keÀenerSkeÀìs®e veJnles. [e@. Heerìj DeueskeÌPeeb[j SkeÀe ÒeefmeOo efye´ìerMeDeefOekeÀeN³eeves cnìues Deens keÀer, `keÀerjCeeslmeiee&Hes#ee peemleOeeks eÀeoe³ekeÀ Deenls e, leer DeeHeu³ee vekeÀUle j[s eDr eeDs ek@ eìÌ eJr n ekf eÀjCesÒemeejerle keÀjCeejer jmee³eves!' DeveskeÀ oMekeÀeb®³ee pevegkeÀebJej kesÀuesu³eeefJeefMeä mebMeesOeveeveblej [e@. c³eguej ³eebvee efceUeuesu³ee ¢<ìerkeÀesveeletvel³eevb eer FMeeje eof uee Deens keÀe,r Jeis eJeis eUer jmee³eves (keÀeìr keÀveeMekeÀe®b ³eemecetnemen) ner JeejbJeej peerJeMeem$eer³e yeoue (c³egìsMeve) Ie[Jetve DeeCet

MekeÀleele. DeeOeeg vf ekeÀ Heejf emf Leleelr e ³ee Jeis eȳee®e jmee³eveeMb eer meHb ekeÀel& eDeeu³eeJej DeeHeu³ee pevegkeÀebJej DeMee peerJeMeem$eer³e HesÀjHeÀeje®ee(c³egìepesefvekeÀ) efkeÀleHele ÒeYeeJe He[t MekeÀlees ³eeefJe<e³eer Depetve HeÀej®eLees[er ceeefnleer Deens.'

HeÀs jHeÀej keÀjCeeN³ee jmee³eveecb eUg s (c³eìg epevs e) Deieoer meJeJ& ³eeHekeÀHeCesogue&#e Peeues keÀejCe l³ee jmee³eveeb®ee MeesOe ÒeLecele: kesÀJeU Meem$ee®³eeDeefYeª®eerletve Peeuee neslee. vee³eì^espeve cemì[& jmee³eve lemes keÀenermeJe&$e pevemeeceev³eebJej nJesletve HeÀJeejC³eele Deeues veJnles. les HeÀkeÌleÒe³eesie keÀjCeejs peerJeMeem$e%e DeeefCe ke@ÀvmejJej GHe®eej HeOoleer cnCetvekeÀener [e@keÌìme& ³eeb®³ee®e JeeHejele nesles. p³ee®³eeJej Demee GHe®eej®eeuet Deens, l³ee®³ee Mejerjeleerue iegCemet$eebvee (¬eÀesceesmeescme) DeHee³eneslees Deens ¿ee®es efveoeve Deieoer DeueerkeÀ[s®e Peeues Deens. HeCekeÀerìkeÀveeMekesÀ Je leCeveeMekesÀ ³eeb®ee DeefleMe³e Ieefveÿ mebHeke&À KetHeMeeueeskeÀebMeer / pevelesMeer Deeuee Deens.

HeÀej®e DeHeNg ³ee ÒeceeCeele ³ee ieeäs eJR ej ue#e eof ues ieus es Demeue,s lejenr er³ee Deveks eÀ keÀeìr keÀveeMekeÀemb eob Yeel& e keÀener eJf eeMf eä ceeenf leer ieeUs e keÀjCesMeke̳e Deens. Demes keÀer jmee³eveebcegUs iegCemet$eebleerue íesìîeeMeeyeoueeHeemetve les pevegkeÀeleerue peerJeMeem$eer³e HesÀjHeÀejeHe³e¥le (peervec³eìg Ms eve) HeMs ee®R ³ee cenlJee®³ee Òee¬f eÀ³els e De[LeUs ³eTs MekeÀleele. DeeeCf eHeg{s peeTve ÒeeCeIeelekeÀner þª MekeÀleele.

[e[]r eìr e®r ³ee Deveks eÀ eHf e{îee meHb ekeÀel& e Deeueus ³ee [emee®b es Jeis eȳee®ekeÀeìr keÀele ªHeelb ej Peeues les cnCepes iee³ev[ecs eeH@ eÀ& med (SkeÀ eJf ee®f e$e Òepeeleerp³eele vej Je ceeoer oesvner®es iegCe Deensle.) - DeOee& vej Je DeOeea ceeoer.efHeÀvee@ue ceejuesu³ee JevemHeleeR®³ee iegCemet$eeb®ee KetHe ceesþe OJebme Peeuee.pemes pevegkeÀebceO³es yeoue, DeveskeÀ peerJeMeem$eer³e HesÀjHeÀej (c³egìsMeve)DeeefCe Gueì efHeÀjJele ³esCeej veenerle, Demes DeevegJeebefMekeÀlesle yeoue.HeÀUebJejerue ceeMee ne meJe&%eele Demee pevegkeÀebefJe<e³eer®³ee Òe³eesieemeeþerJeeHejC³eele ³esCeeje efJeefMeä keÀerìkeÀ, ns pesJne efHeÀvee@ueMeer mebHekeÀe&leDeeues lesJne l³eeb®³eelener peerJeMeem$eer³e HesÀjHeÀej (c³egìsMeve) Peeues.³egjsefLeve ³ee SkeÀe meeceev³eHeCes JeeHejele Demeuesu³ee leCeveeMekeÀeMeermebHekeÀe&le Deeu³eeJej ³ee ceeMeebceO³es Deieoer ÒeeCeIeelekeÀ DemespeerJeMeem$eer³e yeoue (c³egìsMeve) Peeues. keÀeyee&cesì veeJee®³ee jmee³evemecetneleerue SkeÀ ns ³egjsefLeve Deens. ³egjsefLeveHeemetve efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®eerkeÀerìkeÀveeMekesÀ DeeefCe MeslekeÀermeeþer jmee³eves le³eej kesÀueer peeleele.keÀesþejele þsJeuesu³ee yeìeìîeebvee cees[ ³esT ve³es cnCetve ³eeleerue oesvekeÀeyeec& eìs JeeHejueer peeleele. leer vecs ekeÀer ³eemeeþer keÀer l³ee®b ³eeceUg s HeMs ee®R eseJf eYeepeve Leeyb eeJf eues peele.s omg ejs cee[s ³eCs ³eeme Òeelf eyeOb ekeÀ þjCeejs cee@ uf ekeÀn[w ePeeF[& ns peyejomle peeJr eMeem$ee³r e HeÀs jHeÀej keÀjCeejs jmee³eve Deen.s(c³egìepesve).

¬eÀceMe:

17

Hee{b N³ee oOg ee®eer keÀeUer yeepet ...ìee@ kq emÌ emeeìr er

[e@. ef®e$ee peesMeer ë 98200 37224

otOe ns hetCe& Devve Deens Demes ueneveheCeeheemetve®e Deeheu³eeceveeJej eEyeyeJeuesues Deens. otOeemeejKee ®eewjme, mekeÀme Deenej veener.Meg× otOe efheäce³e heoeLe&, he´efLeves, efmveiOe heoeLe&, peerJevemeÊJes Je #eej³eeb®³ee he®eC³eeme megueYe Demeuesues ³eesi³e efceÞeCe Deens. l³eecegUs®ehe´e®eerve keÀeUeheemetve leev¿ee yeeUebvee Je Je=×ebvee ne Deenej efoueepeelees. otOeeceO³es MebYejntve DeefOekeÀ heoeLee¥®es êJe DeLeJee HesÀmeeUmJeªheele efceÞeCe Demeles. ³eeceO³es cegK³elJeeves ke@Àefmeve veecekeÀ heefLeve,uek@ eìÌ eps e veecekeÀ MekeÀ& je l³ee®eyejeys ej #eej Je peeJr evemeÊJes êJe ªheeleDemeleele. otOeeleerue ®ejyeercegUs otOepev³e heoeLee¥vee efJeefMeä ®eJe JeiebOe he´ehle neslees. otOe Je otOepev³e heoeLe& veeMeJeble Demeleele.

hetJeea IejesIejer mJele뮳ee ieeF&-cnMeer Demeu³eecegUs leepes, mekeÀmeotOe efceUle Demes. keÀeueeblejeves peJeUheeme®³ee ieesþîeeletve eEkeÀJeeieJeȳeekeÀ[vt e oOt e eJf ekeÀle Iels eues peeT ueeieue.s meO³ee®³ee OeeJel³ee³eig eele cee$e oOt e heeM®ejeFp[ ªheele ceuw eevs eceuw e heJeeme keÀªve huee@ mq ìkeÀehf eMeJ³eelb evt e Deeheu³ee Iejehe³el¥ e heens e®s ele.s oOt ee®es Dee³e<g ³e keÀceer Demele.sDeveskeÀ leemeeb®³ee he´Jeemeeveblej otOee®eer ®eJe efyeIe[t ve³es lemes®e l³ee®eeeìf keÀeJeht eCee Jee{eJee cnCevt e l³eeJej hee¬f eÀ³ee keÀs ueer peele.s ³ee hee¬f eÀ³els eotOeeJej DeveskeÀ jmee³eveeb®ee Ye[erceej neslees.

oOt ee®es jib e, ªhe, ®eJe, leepehs eCee eìf keÀJeC³eemeeþer l³eeleeur e heeew äq keÀIeìkeÀ keÀe{tve l³eeSsJepeer mìe®e&, meg¬eÀespe, ³egefj³ee, keÀeyeexvesì,yee³ekeÀeyeexvesì, ef[ìpe¥ì, HeÀe@jce@ueerve, ke@ÀequMe³ece ne³e[^e@keÌmeeF[,ne³e[^espeve hesje@keÌmeeF[ Fl³eeoer jmee³eveeb®eer YesmeU kesÀueer peeles.oOt eeleeur e ner Yems eU Deeheu³eeuee keÀcee-r DeeOf ekeÀ Dehee³ekeÀejkeÀ Demele,s

lej keÀener jmee³eves ìe@eqkeÌmekeÀ Demeu³eeves IeelekeÀ Demet MekeÀleele.otOee®ee yeepeejYeeJe henelee l³ee®es DeekeÀejceeve Jee{efJeC³eemeeþer

l³eele heeC³ee®eer YesmeU meje&me kesÀueer peeles. heeC³ee®³ee YesmeUercegUsoOt eeleeur e mekeÀmeheCee keÀceer nels ee.s Yems eU keÀjC³eemeeþer evf ekeÀ= ä opee®& esheeCeer Jeehejues Demeu³eeme les ieenkeÀevb ee IeelekeÀ þª MekeÀle.s l³eeheemevt enieJeCe, keÀeefJeU Deeoer Deepeej nesT MekeÀleele.

otOeele YesmeUuesues eqmveiOe heoeLe& SkeÀpeerJe nesC³eemeeþer l³eeleneevf ekeÀejkeÀ e[f ìpeì¥ ®eer Yems eU keÀs ueer peele.s e[f ìpeì¥ ®³ee Yems eUecr eUg sotOe meeþJeCeer®³ee ìeke̳eeb®eer osKeYeeue keÀceer Ke®ee&le nesles; hejbleg ³eee[f ìpeì¥ ceUg s ieenkeÀevb ee heeìs e®es eJf ekeÀej pe[t MekeÀleele. oOt eeuee eof Iek& eÀeUleepes jeKeC³eemeeþer ne³e[eps eve hejs ek@ emÌ eeF[, HeÀej@ ceu@ eevr e meejKeer jmee³evesJeehejueer peeleele. ³ee jmee³eveebcegUs heesìe®es efJekeÀej, Deele[îeelepeUpeU nesT MekeÀles. otOee®eer Ievelee efìkeÀJeC³eemeeþer l³eele mìe®e&YesmeUuee peelees. ve he®euesu³ee DeefleefjÊeÀ mìe®e&®eer meeþJeCe ceesþîeeDeele[îeele nesles. l³eecegUs nieJeCeer®³ee efJekeÀeje®ee OeeskeÀe GodYeJetMekeÀlees. mìe®e&®eer DeefleYesmeU ceOegcesne®³ee jesi³eebmeeþer he´eCeIeelekeÀþª MekeÀles.

otOee®es pH cetu³e 7 hes#ee keÀceer Peeu³eeme otOe veemeC³ee®ee OeeskeÀeDemelees. ne OeeskeÀe ìeUC³eemeeþer DeeefCe pH cetu³e Jee{efJeC³eemeeþerkeÀeyeevx eìs Je yee³ekeÀeyeevx eìs ®eer Yems eU oOt eele keÀs ueer peele.s ³ee®ee heejf Ceeceie´enkeÀeb®³ee Mejerjeleerue mebhe´sjkeÀebJej nesT MekeÀlees.

meg¬eÀespe Je eqmkeÀce efceukeÀ heeJe[j®eer YesmeU otOee®es JepeveJee{efJeC³eemeeþer, heefjCeeceer otOee®eer Ievelee efìkeÀJeC³eemeeþer kesÀueer

peele.s me¬g eÀeps e Je emq keÀce ecf eukeÀ®³ee Deelf emeJs eveeves Mejejr eleeur e®ejyeer Jee{t MekeÀles.

³eeg jf ³ee®eer Yems eU keÀs u³eeves oOt e hee{b jMs eYg e Yeemele.s oOt eelehe´efLeveeb®³ee DeeqmlelJee®ee DeeYeeme neslees, otOee®eer Ievelee³eeis ³e heceeCeele jeKeueer peele.s hejlb eg ³ee Deelf eejf ÊeÀ ³eeg jf ³ee®³eeDeemq lelJeeceUg s ce$g eehE e[eJb ej Deelf eejf ÊeÀ Yeej he[lee,s ce$g eehE e[evb eepeemle he´ceeCeele ³egefj³ee Meefjjeyeensj ìekeÀC³eeme keÀe³e&jlejneJes ueeieles.

heeM®ejeFp[ otOeeleerue ìe@e qkeÌmekeÀ jemee³eefvekeÀYems eUecr eUg s l³ee®es keÀe³ecemJeªheer Deelf emeJs eve pevemeeceev³eevb eeIeelekeÀ þª MekeÀle.s Meke³Ì elees oOt e Je oOt epev³e heoeLe& cnCepes®eerPe, heveerj, cemkeÀe, oner, uemmeer, mebosMe, jmeieguuee,Keerj, ÞeerKeb[ DeeoeR®es DeeflemesJeve ìeUeJes.

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keÀuHeJe=#e... Cocos nuciferaHeÀg ueJee

Debpevee osJemLeUs ë 93245 65060

iesu³ee DeeþJe[îeele ceer ieesJ³eele nesles. efnjJeeieej, efvemeiee&vesveìuesuee ÒeosMe. jml³ee®³ee oesvner yeepetuee veejUe®es Yeues Gb®e Je=#emecegêe®³ee JeeN³eeyejesyej [gueleevee®es les ¢<³e l³eble ve³evejc³e nesleb.pesJeCeele cegyeuekeÀ Keesyejb Demeuesueb keÀeueJeCe, pesJeCeeveblej yeseEyekeÀeveeJee®eer veejUe®³ee ogOee®eer efceþeF&, ieesJ³ee®³ee DeefmlelJeele veejUefYeveuesuee Deens.

vecs ekeÀb ³eeJeUs er veejUeYeeJs eleer SkeÀ Jeis eU®b e JeeoU IeeIW eeJele nels e.bmejkeÀej®ee efveCe&³e, l³eeJej veeieefjkeÀeb®ee mebleeHe, keÀeneR®es meceLe&ve,JevemHeleelr ep%ee®b es leeeb $f ekeÀ eJf eMue<s eCe, l³eeJej j®eueus eer ieeCee,r He³eeJ& ejCelep%eeb®ee leUleUeì, ueneve MeslekeÀN³eeb®ee Heeefþbyee...

keÀene®R es cele jepekeÀe³r e¢<ìîee Òees jf le nels es lej keÀene®R es He³eeJ& ejCee®³eeNnemeeMeer pee[s ueus e.s cnCevt e ceie vecs ekeÀb keÀe³e nels e³e ns peeCevt e I³ee³e®eeefJe®eej kesÀuee. ieesJ³ee®³ee mejkeÀejves vegkeÀlee®e keÀe³eÐeele HesÀjyeouekeÀªve veejUeuee ‘Tree’ ve cnCelee ‘Palm’ Demes kesÀues Deens.

The Goa Preservation of Trees (Amendment) Bill ceO³esmeskeÌMeve 1 (De) ceOetve keÀe{tve veejUeuee meskeÌMeve 12(Des), The Goa

Daman and Diu Preservation of Trees Act 1984 ceO³es meceeeJf eäkesÀues. cnCepes keÀuHeJe=#ee®ee `cee[' Peeuee.

Deelee veejUe®es Pee[ lees[C³eeme yeboer vemesue. ne efveCe&³e keÀenerefJeefMeÿ J³eeJemeeef³ekeÀebmeeþer Iesleuee Demes efJejesOekeÀeb®es cele Deens.lej mejkeÀej®eb cnCeCeb Demeb Deens keÀer ueneve Mels ekeÀN³eevb ee Develg HeeokeÀcee[ lees[tve veJeerve cee[ ueeJeCes meesHes nesF&ue. cnCepes veejUeb®³eemebK³esle DeefOekeÀ Yej He[sue.

ojc³eeve ieeJs ³ee®es He³eeJ& ejCe ®eUJeUe®r es GOJe³& et jepeêW keÀs jkeÀjeMb eeryeesueCes Peeues. l³eebveerosKeerue ieesJ³ee®³ee peerJeveele veejUe®³eecenÊJeeyeÎue KetHe ceeefnleer efoueer. veejU eEnot-ef¸emleer Oeefce&³eeb®³eepeerJevee®ee DeefJeYeep³e IeìkeÀ Deens. meCe-Jeej, keÀuee, mebmke=Àleer,ieeCeer, ueeskeÀieerleb, ve=l³e ³ee meJee¥ceO³es veejUe®ee GuuesKe meeHe[lees.Heew<e ceefnv³eeleerue IeeueeslmeJe Demees keÀer HeÀeuiegveeleuee efMeceiee Demees;`cee[eJeuw ees keÀejr MeHs eìer nuelw ee, ®e[s JeekeÀ HeÀUeJs eve [eUs s ceejlee'...veejUe®³ee PeeJeUerJej yemeuesu³ee HeesHeìe®es efkeÀleer Fyeefueme JeCe&ve!

DeejeHs e-Òel³eejs eHe meªg Deenls e. jepeêW keÀs jkeÀj cnCeeues keÀe,r peJs neveejU `Je=#e mebj#eCe keÀe³eÐee'le meceeefJeä neslee lesJneosKeerueceeþs ceeþs ueer He®b eleejeeb kf eÀle neì@ us e yeeOb ee³euee npeejes veejUe®b eer keÀÊeuePeeuee.r Deelee lej eJf ekeÀemee®³ee veeJeeKeeueer Keug eDs eece keÀeHeues peeleeur e.

keÀeneR®³ee celes ns meieUb jepekeÀer³e Deens. ieesJ³ee®³ee ueeskeÀebvee

veejUe®eb SJe{b Òesce Deens keÀer, les Giee®e®e veejU keÀeHeCeej veenerle.mejkeÀej®eb cnCeCeb Deens keÀer, ne JeveJe=#e veener. MeslekeÀN³eebveer veHeÀekeÀceefJeC³eemeeþer ueeieJe[ kesÀuesuee Je=#e. pej pegv³ee Pee[eb®eerGlHeeokeÀlee keÀceer Peeueer Demesue lej veJeerve Je=#e ueeJee³eueener mees³eDeen.s leme®s e eJf eveekeÀejCe keÀeHeues peeT ve³es ³eemeeþer mejkeÀejves veJeevr ekeÀefceìer®eer mLeeHevee keÀªve veejUeuee nJes les mebj#eCe osC³ee®es keÀyetuekesÀues Deens.

ceûB eeJs n pemes leìj#ekeÀe®es keÀece keÀjleele leme®s e veejUner keÀjleele.ceBûeesJn Deieoer mecegêeueiele®³ee #es$ee®es j#eCe keÀjleele lej veejUpeje Deeleu³ee yeepet®es. veejUeb®³ee cegUeb®es efJemle=le peeUs mecegêe®³eeueeìebvee efkeÀveeN³eeHeemetve Deele pee³euee LeebyeJeleele.

veejUe®³ee PeeJeȳee eEkeÀJee Heeveb 500 efHeefHeSce keÀeye&ve [e³eDee@keÌmeeF&[ Mees<etve Iesleele. cnCepes SkeÀe nskeÌìjJej®es veejU ojJe<eea25 ìve keÀeye&ve [e³e Dee@keÌmeeF&[ mebHeJeleele. JevemHeleer Meem$e%eeb®³eeceles veejU Palm Deens. l³ee®ee kegÀU Arecaceae Deens. peieeleveJJeontve DeefOekeÀ osMeebceO³es veejU Jee{Jeuee peelees. l³eele Yeejlee®eeeflemeje ¬eÀceebkeÀ ueeielees.

osJee®eer keÀjCeer cnCetve veejUele HeeCeer. ns HeeCeer KejesKej®e Dece=leDeens. ³eele cegueyekeÀ ÒeceeCeele Keefvepe DeeefCe eqJnìeefcevme Deensle.iejpe Yeemeueer lej Del³eeJemLesleu³ee ©iCeebvee meueeF&ve cnCetvener oslee³esF&ue FleHele megjef#ele DeeefCe GHee³ekeÀejkeÀ.

veejUe®es Je=#e mecegê efkeÀveeN³ee®eer peMeer MeesYee Jee{Jeele lemes®e leslmegveeceer, iueesyeue Jeeefce¥ie DeeefCe ûeerve neTme ie@me SefceMevme HeCekeÀceer keÀjleele. 2004 ceO³es Deeuesu³ee lmegveeceerle DeboceeveefvekeÀesyeej®³ee npeejes veeieefjkeÀeb®ee peerJe ³ee veejUebcegUs®e Jee®euee.

veejUe®es leus e ueJekeÀj He®ele,s Mee<s eues peeles DeeeCf e Meejf jeuee Hee<s ekeÀDemeles. ³eele peemle DeBìer-Dee@keÌmeer[bì iegCeOece& Demeleele. Deieoerleev¿ee ceug eevb eener oCs ³eeme ³eeis ³e Demele.b lJe®e®s ee Deeus eeJee eìf keÀJee³eueeosKeerue ns lesue Del³eble iegCekeÀejer þjleb.

veejUe®es DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej yeIee³euee efceUleele. Jesmì keÀesmì ìe@uens Gb®e Jee{Ceejs lej ue#eefÜHe [dJeeì& ns yegìkesÀ. keÀener veejU efnjJeslej keÀener efHeJeUs DeeefCe keÀener YeieJes. keÀeneRvee veejU Oeje³euee 14-15 Je<ex ueeieleele. lej keÀeneRvee DeJeI³ee ®eej Je<ee¥le®e HeÀUb Oejleele.keÀeneR®es iej pee[ DeeefCe l³eele lesue peemle lej keÀeneR®³ee MeneȳeeleKetHe iees[ HeeCeer. p³eeuee pes nJes, nJes pesJe{s, nJes lemes osCeeje nekeÀuHeJe=#e.

23

ekf eÀìkeÀe®b ³ee eJf eMJeelecekeÀjbo kegÀuekeÀCeea ë 88981 01901³egJejepe iegpe&j ë 98921 38338

www.yuwarajgurjar.com

Common TreebrownSc Name - ALethe rohira (Fabricius) Family - Nymphalidae

Sub-family - SatyrinaeThis triangular shaped butterfly with a wing span of 58-

70mm has a wavy outer border on both wings, prominentlytoothed on the hind wing and has white and dark colouredlines all along. On the underside a band of white marginedeye-spots runs parallel to wing margin on both wings, obscureon hind wing with only lower and upper spots prominent andelongated. A broad white band is angular on the forewing.The rest of wing parts are covered with irregular, dull whitelines. The upper side is faint brown with some white spots onthe fore wing margin. Female has a white band which lack inmales.

It prefers hilly country side and is seen in forests as well. InHimalayas it is found flying upto 3000 meters. It is rarely seenon flowers. Overripe fruits, animal dropings and tree sap areits food. Mostly active early morning or evening. It lays eggson grasses In India it is found from South India to MadhyaPradesh, Jharkhand and Jammu Kashmir to ArunachalPradesh. In the world it occurs in Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan,

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

HejeHs epeeJr eveHejeHs epeeJr eve cnìues keÀer DeeHeu³eeuee ueie®s e Pee[eJb ej®eer yee[b ieUg s DeeþJeleele.

cee$e HegÀueHeeKejemeejK³ee veepetkeÀ DeeefCe ieeW[me keÀerìkeÀeJejmeg×e peieCeejs yejs®eHejeHs epeeJr eve keÀeìr keÀ Deenls e. HeÀg ueHeeKeje®b ³ee DeUîee DeMee HejeHs epeeJr eer keÀeìr keÀevb eeHeìkeÀve yeUer He[leele. keÀejCe l³eeb®eer j®evee ner HejesHepeerJeer keÀerìkeÀ Jee{e³eueeGHe³eesieer Demeles. SjJeer ³epeceeve DeeefCe HejesHepeerJeer ÒeeCeer efkebÀJee Pee[ oesIesnerpeieleele. cee$e HegÀueHeeKejeb®³ee yeeyeleerle Demes Ie[le veener. l³eeb®³eele ³epeceeveDeUer efkebÀJee keÀes<e nceKeeme cejlees DeeefCe HejesHepeerJeer keÀerìkeÀ Deieoer DeeveboeleDeeHeueer Òepee Jee{Jeleele. nîee HejesHepeerJeer ceeM³eeb®³ee ³epeceeve DeUîee þjuesu³eeDemeleele. eJf eeMf e<ì peelee®r ³ee DeUîeeJb ej®e les DeeHeueer De[b er DeLeJee keÀe<s e keÀjleele.ye´@keÀesefve[er kegÀUeleerue ceeMeer HegÀueHeeKeje®³ee DeUeruee SkeÀ met#ce efíê Hee[tvel³eele De[b er Ieeueleele. ner De[b er ìekeÀe³euee l³ee®b ³eekeÀ[s lee#r Ce Demee meFg m& eejKeeDeJe³eJe l³eeb®³ee Heesìe®³ee ìeskeÀeMeer Demelees. ner Deb[er Deeleu³ee Deele GyetveDeele DeUer®es ceebme DeVe cnCetve Kee³euee meg©Jeele keÀjleele. ÒeLece les ®ejyeerKeeleele, ceie les He®evemebmLee, ceppeemebmLee ³eeb®³eeJej nuuee ®e{Jeleele.DeMeeÒekeÀejs leer HegÀueHeeKeje®eer DeUer ce©ve peeles DeLeJee ceuetue nesles. ³eeveblejl³ee DeUîee Gjueus es ceemb e Keeleele DeeeCf e HeCt e& Jee{ Peeu³eeJej elf eLe®s e l³ee DeUe®r ³eece=le MejerjeJej efkebÀJee yeepetuee meesvesjer efkebÀJee Heeb{js leeboUe®³ee oeC³eeSJe{s keÀes<ekeÀjleele. ³eLeeJekeÀeMe l³eeletve l³ee HejesHepeerJeer ceeM³ee yeensj ³esleele.

keÀec@ eve ìer yeeTveMeem$eer³e veeJe - ueeros jesnerje

kegÀue - efvecHe@Àueer[er GHekegÀue - meìe³ejerveer`ye´eTve' ieìeleues ns HegÀueHeeKe© veeJeeÒeceeCes leHeefkeÀjer jbiee®es Demeles. 58

les 70 cee.r ceer HeKb e eJf emleej. eHf eÀkeÀì leHeekf eÀjer jib eeJej þmeþMeelr e [eUs ,s Deevf e³eecf eleDeekeÀeje®³ee js<ee Je Heeb{je HeÆe ³eebveer Gþtve efomeles. DeekeÀej ef$ekeÀesCeer. HebKeeb®³eeyeensjerue veeiecees[er keÀ[suee Heeb{jer ogjsIeer efkeÀveej Je ceeieerue HebKee®³ee ceO³eYeeieerMesHeìermeejKes ìeskeÀ. HebKeeb®eer Keeue®eer yeepet efHeÀkeÀì leHeefkeÀjer jbiee®eer. Heg{erueHebKee®³ee yeensjerue keÀ[suee Heeb{N³ee Jeue³eeb®ee HeÆe Demelees. l³ee HeÆîeeuee Jej®³eekeÀ[sHe³e¥le peeCeeje Hee{bje ©bo HeÆe Demelees. HebKee®eer GJe&jerle yeepet Deefve³eefceleDeekeÀeje®³ee j<s eej<s eevb eer J³eeHeueus eer Demele,s Jej®eer yeepet eHf eÀkeÀì leHeekf eÀjer jib ee®ee,rkeÀ[suee keÀener Heeb{js efþHekesÀ Demeleele. ceeoerle ³eeefMeJee³e Depetve SKeeoe Heeb{jeHeÆe Demet MekeÀlees. ns HegÀueHeeKe© oef#eCe Yeejle les ceO³e ÒeosMe, PeejKeb[,pecceg-keÀeefMcej les De©Cee®eueÒeosMe, F&Meev³e Yeejle ³esLes, lej peieYejeleHeeefkeÀmleeve, vesHeeU, Yetleeve, yeebiueeosMe, c³eeveceej ³esLes Dee{Ules.

³ee HeÀg ueHeeKejeuee ìks eÀ[îee®b ee YeÒt eoMs e DeeJe[lee.s enf ceeue³eele 3000 ecf eìjGb®eerHe³e¥le G[le Demeles. cee®e& les veesJnWyej-ef[meWyej ³ee keÀeUele les efomeles. ³eeHegÀueHeeKejeuee peemle efHekeÀuesueer HeÀUs, Pee[eb®ee jme, peveeJejeb®eer efJe<þe ³ee®esmesJeve keÀjCes DeeJe[les. vej ef®eKeueHeeve keÀjleele. DeeUmeìHeCes peefceveerueieleG[e³e®eer l³eebvee meJe³e Demeles. DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej®³ee ieJeleebJej keÀe@ceve ì^er ye´eTveDe[b er Ieeuele.s

Parasite WaspParasites are organisms that live on or in other host

organisms. Many species of wasps in the familiesIchneumonidae and Braconidae are parasites. Femaleichneumons and braconids lay their eggs on the larvae ofother insects.

Many choose a particular species of caterpillar of abutterfly or moth. Some have extremely long ovipositorsthat can push or inject through plant stems, galls or treebarks, reaching insect larvae that are tunneling inside.When the wasp eggs hatch, the wasp larvae begindeveloping inside the body of their host. The hostcontinuous to live for a time. Some even pupate andemerge as adults.

Eventually, however, the maturing wasp kills their hosts.You may find caterpillar with tiny wasp cocoons attachedto their bodies, or dead, dry caterpillars or cocoons withichneumons or braconids pupating inside. Some waspparasite caterpillars feed on food crops, and in this way ishelpful to farmers.

24

ceybg eFp& eJeU eof meueus es HeenCg e's He#eerevf eje#r eCe

DeefJeveeMe Yeiele ë 98920 61899

jCeieeps ee Desert Wheatearíe³eeef®e$e - ceveer<e kesÀjkeÀj efþkeÀeCe ë [eWefyeJeueer

ef®eceCeer®³ee DeekeÀeje®ee SkeÀ ueneve He#eer HeeefkeÀmleeve, ue[eKe JekeÀeefMcej meejK³ee efþkeÀeCeer Òepeveve keÀjlees. lemes®e efnJeeUer mLeueeblejYeejle Je ÞeeruebkeÀe ³esLes keÀjlees. JeeUJebì ceeUjeves, ieJeleeU ÒeosMe Jeíesìs [eWiej Demee DeefOeJeeme. peefceveerJejerue efkeÀìkeÀebJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees.ceeoer®ee jbie efHeÀkeÀì lemes®e leeW[epeJeU®ee Yeeie keÀeUe vemelees.

Sparrow sized small bird. Breeds in Pakistan, Ladakhand Kashmir. Winter migration to India and Sri Lanka. Prefersdesert, open lands, scrub forest and rocky areas. Mainlyfeeds on ground insects. Female looks pale and without theblack face.

ceueyeejer lejg Js eeuee ®e[b eus e Malabar Larkíe³eeef®e$e - Mebleveg kegÀJesmekeÀj efþkeÀeCe ë ceeCeieeJe

ef®eceCeer®³ee®e DeekeÀeje®ee ueneve He#eer. YeejleeceO³es mLeeefvekeÀ DemegvemLeeefvekeÀ mLeueeblej megOoe keÀjlees. [eWiejeU Yeeie, ceeUjeves Je ieJeleerÒeosMe ³esLes JeemleJ³e keÀjlees. peefceveerJejerue efkeÀìkeÀ ns ÒecegKe KeeÐe. vej Jeceeoer efomee³euee meejKes®e.

Sparrow sized small bird. Resident and local passagemigrant in India. Prefers rocky areas, open lands andgrasslands. Feeds on ground insects. Male and female looksimilar.

Yeejlee³r e jeKeer OeveMs e Indian Grey Hornbillíe³eeef®e$e - leg<eej YeeieJele efþkeÀeCe ë Deefueyeeie

A kite sized big bird. Resident in India. Prefers deciduousforest, mixed evergreen forest and sacred groves. Mainlyfeeds on fruits but sometime eats insects, lizards, rodentsand frogs too. Female has comparatively small horn on thebill than male.

Ieejer®³ee DeekeÀje®ee ceesþe He#eer. YeejleeceO³es mLeeveerkeÀ Deens.HeeveieUer®eer lemes®e meoenjerle Je efceÞe Jeves, osJeje³ee ³esLes JeemleJ³e. HeÀUs,efkeÀìkeÀ lemes®e mej[s, Heeueer, yes[gkeÀ ³eeJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees. ceeefo®³ee®eesef®eJejerue efMebiee®ee DeekeÀej vejeHes#ee ueneve Demelees.

YeJg eF& yeokeÀ Garganeyíe³eeef®e$e - keÌueeje keÀesefj³ee efþkeÀeCe ë Yeeb[tHe

HeeUerJe yeokeÀe®³ee DeekeÀeje®es®e SkeÀ yeokeÀ. ³egjesHe Je HegJe& DeefMe³eeKeb[eceO³es Òepeveve Je DeeefÖeÀkeÀe lemes®e Yeejleer³e GHeKeb[eceO³es efnJeeUermLeueeblej. ceesþer mejesJejs, Kee[er Je oueoueer ÒeosMeeceO³es JeemleJ³e.ÒeecegK³eeves peue JevemHeleeRJej iegpejeCe. veje®³ee [esȳeeJej Demeuesueer pee[Heeb{jer YegJeF& ceeoeruee vemeles.

Size of a domestic duck. Breeds in Europe and EasternAsia. Winter migration to Indian sub-continent. Prefers lakes,creeks and wetlands. Feeds on aquatic plants. The prominentwhite eyebrow is lacking in females

meeUkbg eÀer Common Mynaíe³eeef®e$e - Devegpe Heeìerue efþkeÀeCe ë Ssjesueer

A common bird smaller than pigeon. Resident in most ofthe parts of the Indian sub-continent. Mainly feeds on fruitsand insects but also eats kitchen waste and cleans theenvironment. Male and female looks similar.

meJee¥vee DeesUKeer®ee Demeuesuee ceO³ece DeekeÀeje®ee He#eer. YeejleeceO³esmLeeefvekeÀ Deens. Yeejleer³e GHeKeb[ele yengleskeÀ meJe&$e®e De{Ulees. HeÀUs,efkeÀìkeÀ ns ÒecegKe KeeÐe Demegve ceeveJeefveefce&le keÀ®eN³ee®eer efJeunsJeeìueeJeC³ee®es keÀece keÀjlees. keÀeJeȳeeÒeceeCes GefkeÀj[îeebJej yeIee³eueeefceUleele. vej Je ceeoer efomee³euee meejKes®e Demeleele.

keÀj[îee [eks e³Ì ee®eer cevw ee Chestnut-tailed Starlingíe³eeef®e$e - DeefJeveeMe Yeiele efþkeÀeCe ë Yeeb[tHe

meeUkbg eÀe®r ³ee®e DeekeÀeje®eer SkeÀ cevw ee. Yeejlee³r e GHeKe[b eceO³es mLeeevf ekeÀDemegve $eÝgletvegmeej mLeeefvekeÀ mLeueeblej keÀjlees. HeeveieUer®eer lemes®emeoenefjle Je efceÞe Jeves lemes®e cegve<³eJemleerpeJeU megOoe efomelees. HeÀUs JeefkeÀìkeÀ ³eeJej iegpejeCe. vej Je ceeoer efomee³euee meejKes®e.

Myna sized medium bird. Resident in the Indian sub-continent. Does seasonal local passage migration. Prefersdeciduous forests, mixed evergreen forest and urban areastoo. Feeds on fruits and insects. Male and female look similar.

25

He³eeJ& ejCe peieleele ...

efnceebMet ìWYeskeÀj ë 94045 86596

He#eer evf eje#r eCe cnìuebkeÀer, [esȳeebmeceesj veeJe ³esleb

les [e@. meueerce Deueer ³eeb®eb!³ee®e meueerce Deueer ³eeb®eb veeJe

SkeÀe He#³eeuee efoueb peeCeej Deens. efnceeue³eve jevekeÀmlegj(Himalayan Forest Thrush) Yeejlee®³ee peJw eeJf eeJf eOele®s ³ee eMf ejHe®s eeleDeeCeKeer SkeÀ ceevee®ee legje KeesJeuee iesuee Deens. Yeejle mJeleb$e PeeueeleJs neHeemevt e DeepeHe³el¥ e Yeejlee®³ee He#eer ³eeoecr eO³es ®eej veJeevr e peelee®R eerYej He[ueer Deens. DeuHeeF&ve keÀmlegj (Alpaine thrush) meejKeeeof meCeeje ne keÀmlejt Deelee He#eelr ep%eevb eer Jeis eUer Òepeeleer cnCevt e Ieees <f elekesÀuee Deens. ne jeve keÀmletj GÊej HetJe& Yeejle DeeefCe ®eerve®³ee keÀenerYeeieeble Dee{Ulees. [e@. meueerce Deueer ³eeb®³ee mevceeveeLe& ³ee He#³eeueel³eeb®es veeJe efoues peeCeej Deens.

Depetve SkeÀ Deeveboe®eeryeeye cnCepes vekg eÀl³ee®e ceO³eYeejleele Dee{UtveDeeue su³ee lee rve keÀe sUer(Spider Species)

ÒepeeleeRvee ceg byeF&®es He#eerDeY³eemekeÀ mebpe³e ceeWiee,Jev³epee rJe DeY³eemekeÀjepeÞeer KeueHe DeeeCf e ekf eÀjCeKeueHe ³ee leerve efvemeie&efce$eeb®eer veeJes efoueer peeCeej Deensle. cenejeä^DeeefCe keÀvee&ìkeÀceOeerue keÀener efkeÀìkeÀ lep%eebveer ceO³e YeejleeleerueHeefM®ece Ieeìele ns keÀesUer MeesOetve keÀe{ues. cesUIeeìele vegkeÀlee®e 81Je<ee¥veer ceKeceueer keÀesUer (velvet spider) Dee{Utve Deeuee.

yeeleceer meesueeHetj®³ee veevvepe ceeU{eskeÀ DeYe³eejC³ee®eer.ceeie®³ee®e Je<eea Peeuesuee ceeU{eskeÀ®ee ce=l³et DeeefCe mejkeÀejves DejC³e#e$s e IeìJeC³ee®ee Iels eueus ee evf eCe³& e ³eeceUg s Deelee HeÀkelÌ e DeYe³eejC³ee®³eeveeJeele®e ceeU{eskeÀ' Gjsue Demes He#eerefce$e DeeefCe He³ee&JejCeJeeÐeebveeJeeìe³euee ueeieues Deens. l³eecegUs®e ³ee mebHetCe& #es$eele jemee³eefvekeÀKele JeeHejC³eeJej yeboer Ieeuee³e®eer ceeieCeer nesle Deens. HegCesJeveefJeYeeieeuee efouesu³ee He$eele one efkeÀceer HeefjIeele ns efveye¥Oe ueeJeeJesDeMeerner ceeieCeer keÀjC³eele Deeueer Deens.

`[e@equHeÀve cesve' cnCetve Òeefme× Demeuesues jeEJeêkegÀceej efmevne ³eebveeGuuesKeefve³e keÀeceefiejeryeÎue HeodceÞeer HegjmkeÀej peenerj kesÀuee Deens.efmevne ns DeveskeÀ Je<ee¥Heemetve ieebies³e [e@equHeÀve®³ee mebJeOe&ve DeeefCemebj#eCee®es keÀe³e& keÀjle Deensle. ieebies³e [e@equHeÀve ne jeä^er³e peue®ejÒeeCeer yeveeJee DeMeer ceeieCeer l³eebveer kesÀueer nesleer. mLeeefvekeÀebveener l³eebveerÒeYeeJeeHr eCes ³ee meJb eOev& ee®³ee keÀe³eel& e meceeeJf eä keÀªve Iels eue.s ueJekeÀj®el³eeb®³ee ³ee Òe³elveebcegUs HeefnuesJeefnues [e@equHeÀve DeY³eeme keWÀê megªnesCeej Deens.

SkeÀerkeÀ[s Demes GuuesKeveer³e keÀe³e& keÀjCeeN³eeb®ee mevceeve nesleDemeleevee meceêg ekf eÀveeN³eeJej cee$e peue®eje®b ³ee cel= ³e®t es ÒeceeCee Jee{le®e®eeueues Deens. ceeieerue ceefnv³eele leeefceUvee[t®³ee mecegê efkeÀveeN³eeJej28 yeeueerve Jnsue ceemes Jeentve Deeues DeeefCe ce=l³etcegKeer He[ues. lemes®ecegbyeF&®³ee pegnt efkeÀveeN³eeJej 37 HetÀì ueebyeer®ee cenekeÀe³e ye´er[med JnsueJeentve Deeuee. l³eeuee Jee®eJeC³ee®es Òe³elve keÀªvener ³eMe Deeues veener.ceeMeeb®³ee ce=l³etceeie®es keÀejCe DemHeä Deens. lejer mecegêe®³ee HeeC³eele

Jee{les Òeot<eCe ns SkeÀkeÀejCe meebieC³eele ³esles.leme s®e ce g b yeF &leefceUeuesu³ee ceeMee®eece =l³e t penepee®³eeOe[ke sÀve s Peeu³ee®ee rMeke̳elee Jele&JeC³eele³els e³s e.

ceKeceueer keÀesUer

26

27

NISARG MELA : Paryavaran Dakshata Mandal and Rotary Club of YoungDombivli organized Nisarg Mela at Prakash Vidyalaya, Dombivli. Variouscompetitions linked to environmental education and awareness wereconducted. 232 participants from 18 schools participated. The projectwas coordinated by Priyanka Hajare and Rupali Shaiwale.

efvemeie& cesUe ë He³ee&JejCe o#elee ceb[U DeeefCe jesìjer keÌyeue Dee@HeÀ ³ebie [eWefyeJeueer ³eeb®³eeJeleervesÒekeÀeMe efJeÐeeue³e, [eWefyeJeueer ³esLes efvemeie& cesUe 2016 ®es Dee³eespeve keÀjC³eele Deeues nesles.³eeJesUer Meeues³e efJeÐeeL³ee¥meeþer He³ee&JejCe pevepeeie=leer efJe<e³eeJej efJeefJeOe mHeOee¥®es Dee³eespevekeÀjC³eele Deeues. 18 MeeUebceOeerue 232 efJeÐeeLeea cesUeJ³eele menYeeieer Peeues nessles. efÒe³eebkeÀenpeejs DeeefCe ©Heeueer MeeF&Jeeues ³eebveer cesUeJ³ee®es Dee³eespeve kesÀues nesles.

efvemeie& cesUe : He.o.ceb[U meb®eeefuele ie´eceerCe he³ee&JejCe MeeUe DeeefCe jesìjer keÌueye Dee@HeÀ³ebie [eWefyeJeueer ³eeb®³ee meb³egÊeÀ efJeÐeceeves efvemeie&cesUe Ghe¬eÀce efpeune heefj<eo keWÀêMeeUeceeceCeesueer ³esLes Dee³eesefpele keÀjC³eele Deeuee neslee. keÀu³eeCe ie´eceerCe Yeeieeleerue 14 MeeUeDeeeCf e eYf eJe[b er ³eLs eeur e 1 MeeUe DeMee 15 MeeUe®b es 150 eJf eÐeeLeea menYeeieer Peeue.s He³eeJ& ejCeeMeermeyb eeOf ele eJf eeJf eOe mheOee®¥ es Dee³eeps eve keÀjC³eele Deeues nels e.s Yejle iee[s eyb es ³eevb eer ³ee hekeÀuhee®esmecevJe³eve kesÀues.

NISARG MELA-2016 : PDM's Gramin Paryavaran Shala and RotaryClub of Young Dombivli organized Nisarg Mela at ZP Kendrashala,Mamnoli (Kalyan). Various competitions on environment were arranged.150 students from 14 schools of Rural Kalyan and 1 school fromBhiwandi participated. Bharat Godambe conducted the event.

`meKeer-peeUer'®es JeeìHe ë cenejeä^ Meemeve JeveefJeYeeie, Jeve heefjceb[U-kegbÀos DeeefCehe³ee&JejCe o#elee ceb[U meb®eeefuele ie´eceerCe he³ee&JejCe MeeUe ³eeb®³ee Jeleerves yeebiejJee[er -keÀu³eeCe ³eLs es FOb eve Jee®eeJf eCeeN³ee meKeer peeUe'r ®eer ceeenf leer oTs ve ceeHs eÀle JeeìHe keÀjC³eeleDeeues. Jeve efJeYeeiee®es JewYeJe JeeeEUyes, Þeer. oeYeskeÀj, MesKe, Yejle iees[ebyes, megYee<e Fmeeceslemes®e efpeune heefj<eo MeeU®es keÀeUs mej GheeqmLele nesles.

'SAKHI' Mat Distribution : Forest Department, Kunde and ParyavaranDakshata Mandal's Gramin Paryavaran Shala jointly distributed SakhiMat at Bangarwadi, Kalyan. Bharat Godambe guided on how to usethese mats and save fuel. Vaibhav Valimbe, Shri. Dabhekar from ForestDept., PDM's Subhash Isame, Kale Sir also guided the participants.

Nature Trail : Nature trail was conducted at Thane Creek GaneshGhat and Swami Samarth Road. 40 Students from ShishuDnyanmandir were particpitated. Students were introduced to thewetland birds. Avinash Bhagat and Ashwini Nakil were the resourcepersons.

efvemeie& Ye´cebleer ë He³ee&JejCe o#elee ceb[U meb®eeefuele He³ee&JejCe MeeUs®³ee Jeleerves þeCesKee[er, ieCesMe Ieeì DeeefCe mJeeceer meceLe& jes[ ³esLes efvemeie& Ye´cebleer®es Dee³eespeve kesÀues nesles.eMf eMet %eeveceeb of j MeeU®s es 40 eJf eÐeeLeea ³ee Yecelb eecr eO³es menYeeieer Peeues nels e.s ³eeJeUs er eJf eÐeeL³eev¥ eeHeeCeLeU peeiee, l³eeYeesJeleeue®es He#eer ³eeb®eer ceeefnleer osC³eele Deeueer. DeefJeveeMe YeieleDeeefCe DeefMJeveer veefkeÀue ³eebveer efJeÐeeL³ee¥vee ceeie&oMe&ve kesÀues.

28

Dr. Sanjay Joshi

Beware….Mother Earth has got fever….and it is ever increasing!

Yes! That’s very true…unbelievable, but true. Our ownEarth is warming up gradually but abruptly! Ideallyspeaking,through its history of several billion years, the Earthhas passed through these cyclic phases of 'Cooling' and'Warming' as a part of its natural cycle. At present, Earth ispassing through a 'Warming' phase. Ok. Cool. Then why arewe discussing, debating…spending huge amounts of moneyinto research on this ‘hot’ topic? Good question! Difficult toanswer? Yes and No. Let us see.

We all are aware of a large number of gases we releaseinto the air directly or indirectly. Many of the gases areproduced due to natural processes. These gases slowlyrise up and enter into the Earth’s atmosphere. Atmosphereof the Earth is made up of an innermost layer calledTroposphere, outer to which is the Stratosphere thenMesosphere, Thermosphere etc. We are mainlyinterested in the Troposphere to understandwhy the Earth has got fever .The troposphere (from Greek: tropein - tochange, circulate or mix) is the lowermostlayer of the Earth’s atmosphere and is about10 miles up from the equator. Most of theweather phenomena, systems, convection,turbulence and clouds occur in this layer. Watercycle also occurs in this layer. It contains manygases like nitrogen , oxygen, carbon dioxide,methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide,chlorofluorocarbon and many more in varying proportions. Italso contains large proportion of water vapour. However, itdoes not contain ozone.

Now, we know that the ultimate source of energy for thesustenance of life on Earth is sunlight. Sun rays penetratethrough various layers of the atmosphere to reach the Earth’ssurface. Once it strikes the Earth’s surface, most of it isreflected back into the atmosphere from vast open surfaceslike ice sheets, deserts, oceans and seas and other waterbodies etc. When this reflected sunlight is passing throughthe troposphere, some of the gases namely carbon dioxide,methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, CFCs etc trap or retaincertain amount of heat in the troposphere. All the livingorganisms on the Earth right from minutest, ultramicroscopic

to life size, larger organisms including human beings, needsome warmth in the atmosphere to perform their routinefunctions and activities. By trapping the heat, these gaseshelp in maintaining the required warmth. A similar effect iscreated artificially by specific constructions called'Greenhouse' you would find in many big plant nurseriesand on the agricultural farms. For this simple reason, thesetropospheric gases are aptly called the 'Green House gases'.So far so good! Lets make the name short…GHGs! Doesthat sound good? So moving ahead, these GHGs form alayer around the Earth in the troposphere and retain therequired heat in the form of infrared radiations of the sunlight.So the amount of heat trapped will depend upon the amount

of these GHGs in the troposphere. The concentration ofthese GHGs is generally expressed in terms of 'partsper million' or ppm. Greater the concentration, more

will be the amount of heat trapped. This adds tothe global atmospheric temperature. In winterswhen the outside temperature is very low andwe feel very cold what do we do? Yes.. wewear sweaters…we cover our body with warmclothes and while sleeping we use woolenblanket…rug…rajai and what not to maintainenough, soothing and comfortable warmth.

Now lets look at the summer. We wear muchlighter clothes..during night we don’t require any

cover at all even a light cover makes us uncomfortable,uneasy…sweating and so on. So we tend to avoid usingany cover and use so many tactics to beat the heat. Nowduring summer, if you still continue using thick blankets tocover your body, then think what would happen! Now, imaginethe Earth facing a similar situation. The GHGs form a blanketall around the Earth. Lower concentration of these GHGs willkeep this blanket thin and the amount of heat trapped wouldbe proportionately less. Higher concentrations of the GHGswill eventually increase the thickness of the blanket and thusthe amount of heat trapped would be proportionately higher.This results in increase in the global atmospheric temperature.Such increase in the global atmospheric temperature due toincrease in the concentration of GHGs results in thephenomenon called 'Global Warming'. (To be continued)

29

Prof. Clara Correiaclarac_02@yahoo.com

Chemicals and sediments that move fromagricultural areas into wetlands are two of themost pervasive sources of degradation. The shiftin human populations from inland areas to coastalareas has caused problems in coastal wetlandsthrough overloaded sewage treatment systems.The large and growing volume of industrialwastes that enter ground and surface-watersupplies also threatens to degrade wetlands.These threats, combined with habitat destruction,have a net negative effect on the population ofwetland birds. Thus, if the amount and quality ofwetland habitat is substantially reduced,populations of wetland-dependent birds in thearea also can be expected to decrease.

The reduction in waterfowl populations wasblamed largely on excessive hunting and wetland drainage.However, since 1930 most of the reduction has beenattributed to the loss or degradation of wetlands and the lossof suitable upland habitats that surround wetlands. For mostwetland-dependent birds, habitat loss in breeding areastranslates directly into population losses. As wetlands aredestroyed, some birds may move to other less suitablehabitats, but reproduction tends to be lower and mortality

Effects of Wetland loss and Degradation on birds

tends to be higher. Hence, the birds that breed in thesepoorer quality habitats will not contribute to a sustainablepopulation through the years. Wetland loss due to draining,filling, or altering of surface-water and ground-water flow is aconcern to many people. Wetland degradation also has asubstantial effect on birds. Although wetland degradation isa serious problem, it is one that is more subtle and lessunderstood than wetland losses. Degradation can take manyforms:

!

Amounts and periodicity of water suppliescan be altered

!

The quality of water flowing into andthrough a wetland can be modified

!

The flow of sediments or freshwater tocoastal marshes can be reduced

!

Water levels can be stabilized in wetlandsthat otherwise would undergo water-tablefluctuations

!

Wetland vegetation may be altered byharvesting or by introducing exotic species,making it of little or no value to wetland-dependent birds

An example of wetland degradation is foundin the creek area of Thane. Nutrients and

... page 30

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Effects of Wetland loss .....

sediments entering the creek from agriculturalfields, urban and industrial areas have causedincreased algal blooms, decreased invertebrateproduction, and lowered oxygen levels. Thisdegradation has reduced the acreage of sea grassesthat form an important link in the food chain forinvertebrates, fish, and wetland-dependent birds. Thedecline in the duck population in the area is thoughtto be directly related to the decline in sea grasses.Chemicals and sediments that move from agriculturalareas into wetlands are two of the most pervasivesources of degradation. The shift in human populationsfrom inland areas to coastal areas has causedproblems in coastal wetlands through overloadedsewage treatment systems. The large and growingvolume of industrial wastes that enter ground andsurface-water supplies also threatens to degradewetlands. These threats, combined with habitatdestruction, have a net negative effect on thepopulation of wetland birds. Thus, if the amount andquality of wetland habitat is substantially reduced,populations of wetland-dependent birds in the areaalso can be expected to decrease.

Human activities have caused shifts in wetland-dependent bird populations. Many acres of wetlandswere drained well before any of the national birdsurveys were begun. As a result, it is not possible toaccurately determine the effects of habitat destructionon long-term wetland bird populations. As the wetlandhabitats in these areas are drained or altered, the abilityof these areas to sustain bird populations decreases.Each species of wetland-dependent bird has a uniqueand complex set of needs for wetland habitats thatmakes it difficult to generalize about how loss ordegradation of wetlands affects bird populations. Itseems reasonable to expect, however, that as thenumbers of wetlands in a region decline, so too willthe numbers of wetland-dependent birds.

Many species are threatened by the loss anddegradation of wetland habitats, as a result of : clearingand draining of wetlands for agricultural and urbandevelopment alterations to flooding patterns due toriver regulation and climate change disturbance atfeeding and roosting habitats.

Ms. Donna D’SouzaMSc-II Department of Environmental Sciences

K.J.Somaiya College of Science and Commerce

Journey down the Creek

We once lived in a world where green symbolizednature and blue the purity of water but now speaking ofthe same is merely a phrase that none can see norunderstand.

Ed Bergley Jr once said, “When we destroysomething created by man, we call it Vandalism, butwhen we destroy something of nature, we call itProgress”

Commemorating a respect to mother nature, thestudents of, K.J.Somaiya College , Department ofEnvironmental Sciences along with Dr.SugandhaShetye, Dr. Sanjay Joshi and Mr. Chinmay Khanolkarembarked on a journey down the thane creek. Set outon a mission to study the ecology and find motivationto protect this creek from human intervention.

It was only recently that the thane creek was declaredas a “Flamingo Santuary”, first of Maharashtra.

Following the conduction of CONVEREGNCE, anEnvironmental fest organized by us students, as aninitiative to jolt the word of nature forward, circuited theentire sanctuary, thus comprehending its condition,biodiversity, ecology and its mesmerizing beauty.

The eager and energized students gathered at daybreak along with all the equipment needed to documentthis vast ecosystem. Arrival of the boats, spread smilesof excitement all over the crowd thus giving a perfectstart to this majestic journey.

31

The banks of the creek were seen to have been coveredwith a silt layer of human origin which could be either fromindustries, households orneighboring societies. But itwas an eye catching sight towatch the birds adapt to thechange in their environmentfor the greater good. Themangroves were lush greenstanding strong againstchanges in nature that wecaused.

The mangroves oncethreatened were now seen tobe reclaiming their land andgrowing along the entirecoast of the creek thusprotecting many rare ecosystems that dwellbeneath and in it. They are also known tosequester 20 times more carbon from theatmosphere hence playing a vital role in thereduction of carbon emissions from theenvironment.

As we travelled upstream towards the flockof flamingoes, a splendid sight of various otheravifauna was observed, some of which beingKites, brown headed gull, oriental white ibis, redvented bulbul, red whiskered bulbul, Whitecheeked bulbul,purple rumped sunbirds,median egrets, little egrets, Painted storks,black winged stilts, some migratory birds likepintail ducks, lesser whistling ducks, northern

shovlers and black tailed godwits . Each one ofthe species have been affected by pollution,urbanization, industrialization but strive to continuetheir life at the creek adapting to all these changesin an optimistic perspective.

Moving ahead and completely lost in awe,we arrived at the flamingo site. Thousands offlamingoes, resting in the blankets of their pinkfeathers rose at our arrival. Running on water,spreading their wings, taking flight and cuttingthrough the wind, into the urban sky as our boatsstreamed along their homes.

The ride ended with the same vigor it hadstarted with. The students were mesmerized bythe beauty of the creek thus strengthening theirwill to save these waters and their ecosystems

for future generations to come. We all moved silently off theboats, our hearts still stuckon the sight we witnessed,hoping that we prepare anaction plan to spreadawareness among thepeople, thus preventingthem from using the creekas a garbage dump. Wehave now decided to visitthis site routinely and talk tothe locals as an attempt tosave the creek from pollutionand ecological destruction.

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Forests

Ms. Kalpana Malani

The word “ forest” is derived from Latin“foris” meaning outside. A simple definition of aforest would be a large area of land covered withtrees. But this definition would not cover our Indiangrasslands and littoral swamplands which are alsoclassified as Forests and are equally importantareas that need protection.

We are blessed to live in a country which hasalmost all the types of forests found in the world.Forests are classified by climate, soil andmoisture available.

The world’s forests can be classified into 6major formations:

TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS grow near theequator where the climate is warm and wet allyear. They are found in the Amazon River Basinof South America, the Congo River Basin of Africaand much of South East Asia

TROPICAL SEASONAL FORESTS grow in certain regionsof the tropics and sub tropics with definite wet and dry seasonwith a cooler climate than that of the Tropical Rain Forests.They are found in Central America, Central South America,Southern Africa, India, Eastern China, Northern Australia andmany islands in the Pacific Ocean.

TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS grow in regions

with a temperate climate of warm summers and cold winters.Found in eastern North America, Western Europe and EasternAsia.

TEMPERATE EVERGREEN FORESTS grow alongcoastal areas that have mild winters with heavy rainfall. Foundin the Northwest coast of North America, the south coast ofChile, the west coast of New Zealand and the south eastcoast of Australia.

BOREAL FORESTS grow in regions with an extremelycold winter and a short growing season. Foundacross northern Europe, Asia, and North America.

SAVANNAS or grasslands are areas of widelyspaced trees and grow in regions of low rainfall,poor soil or other environmental features that limittree growth. Found throughout much of CentralAmerica, Brazil, Africa, India, Southeast Asia andAustralia.

Sir Harry George Champion an Indian ForestServices officer published the first classificationof forest types in India and Burma in 1936. Thiswas revised in 1968 by S. K. Seth and is knownas the Champion Seth classification of Indianforests.

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Singapore, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Belize,Venezuela, Panama, Cayman Island, Guatemala andSeychelles. While our Indian states - Arunachal Pradesh,Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Sikkim have embracedthem as their state flower.

Riddhi, Vridhi, Jeevak, Vandak and Jeewanti are some ofthe Sanskrit names of species used in Ayurveda. Next timeyou eat a spoonful of Chyawanprash, don’t forget to checkthe ingredients… Not only in India but Native Americans andearly settlers dug and dried certain orchid roots for theirmedicinal properties. Chinese traditional medicine also usesthem.

The white scoop of Vanilla flavoured ice-cream would notbe served in your plate…but for the orchid. Vanilla is obtainedfrom the dried finger-like pods of Vanilla planifolia from SouthAmerica. This heavenly flavor adds taste to a variety ofdesserts… Due to the large market, this species has beenintroduced in India where it gets conducive conditions togrow. But there was a glitch…the plants didn’t fruit since thepollinator isn’t found in India. So the flowers had to be hand-pollinated. Yes…now we get home-grown Vanilla… Acommendable success story but many species face adifferent fate – collection from wild which has now led to astage where they are endangered.

At RiskThere are various reasons for species being endangered

- deforestation, habitat destruction for industrialization,urbanization, mining and dams; smuggling for floriculture,rampant collection for medicine, loss of habitat and unableto find the right fungi responsible for their sprouting. Someof the species are so delicate that loss of its unique, pricelesspollinator may sound a death knell for the particular speciesof orchid.

The marvelous flowers of Lady’s Slipper orchids, Mothorchids, Dendrobiums, Spathoglottis, Vandas and many morehave proved bane to this incredible family because they areremoved from the forests to satiate the ever growing market.In some instances, the orchid collectors/poachers/smugglerswere known to find a new orchid in a location, collect whateverthey could, and then burn the land so as to create demandfor the species in the market.

Now with growing awareness and concern for all themarvelous species - the planet will be a better place to livein…

Photo Credit – Adesh Shivkar

The broad classification on Indian forests is :Tropical Forests which could then be further

classified into a.Tropical Moist Forests b. Tropical DryForests

Montane sub-tropical forestsTemperate Montane forestsSub-alpine forestsAlpine forestsExamples : In Mumbai the Sanjay Gandhi National

Park would be considered a Tropical Moist DeciduousForest ( under Tropical Moist Forests ) as it receives ahigh rainfall of 100 – 200cm and has a short spell of dryweather.

Our newly declared Protected Area of Thane – Airoliwould be classified as a Tidal or Mangrove Forest (under Tropical Moist Forests )

Importance of Forests:ENVIRONMENT VALUE: Forests act as a sponge

soaking up the rain and replenishing groundwater ,preventing soil erosion, renewing the oxygen supplyin the atmosphere, maintaining the carbon dioxidebalance by using CO2 in photosynthesis and providinga home for many plants and animals that cannot liveanywhere else.

ECONOMIC VALUE: Forests supply many productsthe chief ones being paper, wood for fuel and furniture,latex, various gums, fats, oils and waxes used inmanufacturing.

AESTHETIC VALUE: With our busy lifestyle forestsprovide a great recreation area for people to enjoy thescenery and observe wildlife.

Threats to Forests:- Escalating Human Population- Deforestation and Fragmentation- Overuse of Natural Resources- Impact of non – native species -Climate Change

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Picures taken from Test yourGreen IQ page on Facebook

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I decided to go for my maiden birdwatching trip toMatheran on the Sunday of Feb 7 with ClaraCorreia andAvinash Bhagat as our trail leaders (who are trailblazers intheir chosen field and, I suppose, need no introduction here).I had been to Matheran only once before, two years ago, asa tourist. I was buzzing with excitement.

We were to catch the 5:45 ‘slow local’ for Karjat and getoff at Neral station on the way , which is the closest toMatheran.All ten of us would board together from Thanestation. I have a reputation for showing up late and I maintainedit on this occasion too. I reached Thane station at precisely5:45! Luckily for me, the train started a bit late too. Soon, wewere on our way.

Little did we know what pleasant surprise awaited us atNeral station. Just as we were about to exit the stationpremises, our attention was drawn to some furious flutteringof wings on a tree right beside the ticket counter. A flock ofYellow-footed Green Pigeons! What better omen could haveshowed itself to us than the State Bird of Maharashtra? Ourbirding had begun.

We had a quick but hearty breakfast of Misal Pav andKanda Poha outside the station and left for the ‘forest on theforehead of the mountains’ in shared taxis via the very scenic,serpentine Ghat road. As soon as we reached the top andentered through the gate, we noticed that private vehiclesare now allowed a little too further inside. Not a good thing atall, as Clara immediately remarked.

Anyway, we walked on. And lo! A male Indian Paradise

Mr. Nayan Jain

' Shootout ' at Matheran

Flycatcher (white morph) was welcoming us flashing itssignature long tail in the distance. In birding parlance, it wasa ‘lifer’ for me – a species I was seeing for the first time. Askany novice birdwatcher in these parts and this species wouldbe at the top of their hit-list. A few more steps ahead, a Tickell’sBlue Flycatcher (much smaller than that last one) zoomedpast us. Sure tickled my imagination as to what was to follow!We were almost there.

We took a road less travelled and arrived at thisdeceptively small and ordinary-looking spot with a fewpuddles of water between a rocky patch. Our captains toldus we would now settle down there and simply play thewaiting game.They said we were in for a treat. I was clueless.

Under strict orders to remain very still, we took ourpositions - draped in camouflage netting, ready to shoot atsight! and it didn’t take long before... the show began.Oneby one; they started coming in - numerous varieties of

Flycatchers and Warblers, Leafbird, Monarch, Shama,Blackbird, Blue-capped Rock Thrush and, the sighting ofthe day, a male Indian Blue Robin. All barely a few feetaway from us! Barbets, Sunbirds, Bulbuls (and, oh, an IndianGiant Squirrel, the State Animal of Maharashtra!) on nearbytrees tried their best to divert our attention from the ‘rockshow’ we were witnessing.

Finally, after a couple of hours, the flurry of feathers startedgradually diminishing, and soon we knew the party wasover. But, boy, what a party it had been. We made our wayback, greeted first by a string of domesticated horses andthen by a few Bonnet Macaques at the gate. We cameback a highly satisfied group of bird lovers. A novelexperience for me!

Photo courtesy Clara Correia

Blue-capped Rock Thrush

Indian Paradise Flycatcher

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