a.agricultural soil conservation jethro tull – seed drill enclosure movement causes of the...
TRANSCRIPT
A. Agricultural
Soil Conservation
Jethro Tull – Seed Drill
Enclosure Movement
Causes of the
Industrial Revolution Effects
B. Population
More Food
Higher Life Expectancy
Lower Infant Mortality
C. Energy
Steam Engine
Coal Production
Where will the Industrial Revolution Start?
Political Stability
Urban Population
400,000 – 1million
2-400,000
1-200,000
Religions
Yellow = Protestant
Purple =
Catholic
Green =
Orthodox
Black =
Coal
Rust =
Iron
Resources
The Economic Spectrum
Capitalism Socialism
Laissez - FaireUtilitarianismUtopiansCommunism
Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations:
The Philosophy: people are motivated by personal interests of property ownership
more you want to own – harder you work.
Competition: two types of people: producers and buyers
“Invisible Hand” Natural laws of competition will create cooperation between the two
“Free Market” when left uninterfered with producer and buyers will establish equilibrium.
Law of Supply and Demand: No buyer will pay more than willing – which will limit what producer can charge. Vice Versa
Trickle Down: Wealthy can only get so wealthy. Can only buy so much. Rest of money trickles down to jobs/ philanthropy
Role of Government: Fair Play – make sure buyers/producers aren’t interfering with system
Keep buyers from trying to control prices (no unionization of labor)
Keep producers from trying to control prices (no monopolies)
Defend countries resources from other countries.
Provide education to combat culture drain
Free Market
Socialism: Public or government ownership of means of production
Government or people in general with pooled wealth own resource and factories. Provide own labor.
Utopians: Robert Owen
The Philosophy: Those interested should remove themselves from society and establish own isolated communities in which all things were shared.
No Private ownership: entire community owns everything and is shared.
Lack of ownership would create cooperation as it ended greed and competition for more goods.
Small numbers: communities could not be larger than 2000 people.
Role of Government: serves as a collection and distribution agent. No need for law because all crimes are a result of desire of personal ownership.
Socialism: Public or government ownership of means of productionGovernment or people in general with pooled wealth own resource and factories. Provide
own labor.
Communism: Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto/Das Kapital
The Philosophy: All history is a story of conflict between Bourgeois (owners) and Proletariat (workers)
Competition has always allowed owners to take advantage of workers.
Only way to get cooperation was to eliminate one class.
As working class gets larger and poorer – they would rebel and destroy the working class – violently taking control of means of production.
Once there are no classes – all things would be shared. Only works when there are no classes anywhere in the world – but all people are equal.
Role of Government:Dictatorship of the Proletariat: would be necessary at first to seize all personal ownership and fight to spread the revolution to entire world. After that: government would again would just be a distributer of goods: No laws because would be no violence due to lack of competition.
Utilitarianism: whatever creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people
Jeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill.
The Philosophy:
There are two principles- pain and pleasure
There will always be two factors competing with each other (Workers and owners; Buyers and Producers; Socialists and Capitalists)
Purpose of society is to strike a balance between these to create the greatest amount of happiness for greatest amount of people.
Role of Government: Determine between all forces which gets greatest pleasure for most people. If gov needs to own somethings: fine! If need to let others be privately owned – fine. Gov’s job is to keep pain from happening to majority.
Important that all people have ability to vote – say in their own pleasure
Purpose of schools is to prepare all people to participate in democracy
Capitalism: Private or corporate ownership of means of production.Person or corporation with independent wealth (capital) invests it in
purchasing of resources/factories/labor. Keeps all profit for self.Laborer merely owns his labor and time – not the product
Laissez Faire: economy where government should not interfere at all:
Walter Malthus: Population and food source:
There are two forces: Food and eaters. When there are more people than food then the population will drop.
David Ricardo: Iron Law Wages: Wages controls population. If keep wages down you control the population of poor.
Its in owners interest (more profit) to keep wages low – and thereby controls the population.
Darwin: Survival of the fittest: nature makes sure the strongest survive and weak are destroyed in seemingly cruel ways, but it makes the species stronger in the long run.
Role of Government: should not exist: Survival of fittest. The poor are poor because they are weak and deficient. Disease and starvation will control the population
Disease and Sanitation
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Job Safety
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Crime
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Population Control
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Education
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Cultural Identity: Culture Drain
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Class Discrimination
Communism Utopian Utilitarianism Free Market Laissez Faire
Theory
What Happened in the Industrial Revolution
Current Issues
U.S.
Internationally
Childhood
Art and the Industrial Revolution
The Romantics: Late 1700’s Early 1800’s
React against Reason and Industrialism
Focused on Past and glorious history (when things were simpler)
Often contained a moody, flawed, Hero - An outstanding individual But – not perfect
Focus on Nature/ Taste of Exotic / Idealize Women / Return to Religion / Rediscovery of Middle Ages
Writers:
Lord Byron / Percy Bysshe Shelley / John Keats
Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe
Mallory: Le Morte de Arthur
Painters:
Turner
Constable
Delacroix
Musicians:
Chopin: Peasant Dance
Beethoven: Tortured hero
The Realists: - 1840’s – 1860’sForget sentimentality! Try to capture the reality of modern conditions. Reject studio paintingsEmphasize factual observation with human feelingOften speak out against tedium and coldness of the Middle Class
Writers:Charles DickensHeinrick IbsenCharlotte Bronte
Painters: CourbetMilletDaumier
Music: Wagner
The Impressionists:
If you want realism – use a camera
Art is about capturing a feeling or impression.
Don’t paint the object – paint the colors and movement
Painters:
Claude Monet Edgar Degas
Literature
Symbolism: Don’t tell the reader exactly what you want them to know – imply it through images
Post Impressionists:Used new knowledge of science to create art.
Pointillism – the eye will blend thingsGeorges Seurat:
Expressionism - Mixes Impressionism with artists personal feelings/psyche
Van Gogh Edward Munch
Cubism: Painting and sculpture where the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without concentrating on detail.
PicassoLeger Braque
Test Question #4
Test Question #5
Test Question #6
Test Question #7
Test Question #8
Test Question #9
Farm On The FreewayNine miles of two-strand topped with barbed wire
laid by the father for the son.Good shelter down there on the valley floor,
down by where the sweet stream run.Now they might give me compensation...That's not what I'm chasing.
I was a rich man before yesterday.Now all I have got is a cheque and a pickup truck.I left my farm on the freeway.
They're busy building airports on the south side...Silicon chip factory on the east.
And the big road's pushing through along the valley floor.Hot machine pouring six lanes at the very least
.Now, they say they gave me compensation...That's not what I'm chasing. I was a rich man before yesterday
.Now all I have left is a broken-down pickup truck.Looks like my farm is a freeway.
They forgot they told us what this old land was for.Grow two tons the acre, boy, between the stones.
This was no Southfork, it was no Ponderosa.But it was the place that I called home.
They say they gave me compensation...That's not what I'm chasing. I was a rich man before yesterday.
And what do I want with a million dollars and a pickup truck?When I left my farm under the freeway.
Fire at MidnightI believe in fires at midnight ---
when the dogs have all been fed.A golden toddy on the mantle ---
a broken gun beneath the bed.Silken mist outside the window.
Frogs and newts slip in the dark --- too much hurry ruins the body.I'll sit easy ... fan the spark
kindled by the dying embers of another working day.Go upstairs ...
take off your makeup --- fold your clothes neatly away.
Me, I'll sit and write this love song as I all too seldom do ---
build a little fire this midnight.It's good to be back home with you.
AstronomyThe middle lane has trapped my car in red-light claustrophobia.
I slip the shackles, cut the rope --- stand naked with a telescope as the cat walks alone under a big
sky.Against the dark so thin and white ---
gonna be a big sky night.Miss Galileo, come with me and view the new Astronomy
Black hole dressing on salad plate --- quasar at the kissing gate.
Now the cat, he walks alone under a big skyUmbrella dome pin-pricked in lights ---
gonna be a big sky night.My spectacles, my white lab coat ---
my coffee, thermos and my notes.I pat my pockets. I got the keys to the secrets of the observatory.
And closing the door, I feel a new dawn as the darker slides align ---
you to yours and me to mine.And now you stand, assisting me ---
I can touch what I can see, see, see.I look in wonder, I feel no shame ---
see the consequences of the game.Expand the universe.Head for the Big Bang.
Reach for my switch and shout --- gonna turn the big sky out.
There's got to be astronomy.Astronomy.
Chain Reaction
Cause and Effect Web
How did we get from this,
( a flying shuttle loom)
To this (a digital image I found on the internet and projected to you here in this classroom.)