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VOLUME V ISSUE 2, 2011
BUILDING ON A GLOBAL REPUTATION
IMPROVE
PERFORMANCE
PAGE 4
EXCELLENCE IN ENGINEERING SIMULATION
REDUCE
DESIGN TIME
PAGE 10
ENhANCE
SySTEMS
PAGE 21
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The Intel Cluster Ready program can dramatically
reduce purchasing complexity, accelerate your deploy-
ment timeline and simplify management of your HPC
cluster. Intel works with ANSYS and OEMs to provide
customers with clusters built for ANSYS workloads.
Intel Cluster Ready architecture assures application
compatibility and ease of deployment. You can be
ready to run.
Learn more at www.intel.com/go/cluster
Copyright 2011 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
Intel Cluster Ready. Intelligent!Reduce. Accelerate. Simplify.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Table of ContentsFeatures4 CONSumEr gOOdS
Mother of Invention Simulation helps to deliver a milk warmer to market two yearsahead of schedule, saving $54,000 in prototypes.
7 ChEmiCAL PrOCESSMoving Toward Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Researchers study the use of fluid dynamics to more efficiently removeenvironmentally hazardous sludge in chemical plants.
10 AuTOmOTivEStepping on the Gas Circuit and field simulation reduces inductance sensor applicationengineering from three months to two weeks.
13 OFFShOrEDeep Thinking ANSYS structural mechanics helps save years in designingthe first steerable conductor for enhanced oil recovery.
16 OFFShOrE / ENErgyForecasting Underwater Noise
Simulation soundly predicts hydro-acoustics duringoffshore pile driving.
18 CONSTruCTiONBuilding on a Global Reputation NInsight verifies the architectural design of landmark buildingsusing engineering simulation.
21 TurBOmAChiNEryBreath of Fresh Air Cummins uses high-performance computing to deliver betterturbochargers to market faster by simulating the entire stage.
SImulAtIoN@Work
24 CONSTruCTiONBetter Cooling, Hot Savings Fluid dynamics keeps data center server rackscooler using less electricity.
26 hEALThCArECut to the Bone Simulation reduces surgery duration and patient riskin treating infants with skull disorders.
7
16
18
24
10
4
26
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28 OiL ANd gASSeparating the StreamsMultiphase simulation can improve performanceof oil and gas separation equipment.
31 TurBOmAChiNEryPredicting Turbomachinery Erosion RatesErosion rate predictions help designers to improve longevity of
rotating equipment that must operate in harsh environments.
34 ThOughT LEAdErGreen Design With simulation and analysis, going green offers many benefits.
DepArtmeNtS37 BEST PrACTiCE
Fast Study Gas turbine supplier leverages ANSYS Workbenchto speed complex turbine blade analysis.
40 ANALySiS TOOLSWarming Up to Direct Modeling Advanced CAE model preparation enhancespellet stove design and optimization.
42 ANALySiS TOOLSSimulation to Reduce Automotive Emissions
Parametric design optimization of selective catalytic reduction systemshelps to meet challenges in emission reduction.
44 ACAdEmiCVirtual Speech Researchers use virtual tools to model and simulatethe human vocal tract and upper airway.
47 TiPS ANd TriCkSUnderstanding Actuators Multiphysics system simulation provides insightinto the operations of actuators.
www.ansys.cANSYS Advanag 2011ansys, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
About the CoverThe striking architecture of the Florence Railway Station,designed by Sir Norman Foster, has a dramatic roof thatallows in ample natural light. Because drainage could bea problem during some rainfall conditions, engineeringsimulation from ANSYS was employed by consulting firmNInsight to improve the roof design. Page 18.
Cotes Foste + Patnes.
28
31
44
40
47
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For ANSYS, Inc. sales information, call 1.866.267.9724.
Email the editorial staff at [email protected].
For address changes contact [email protected].
Nih ANSYS, Inc. n h sni di n mi Caiv G gaans waans accacy cnss f h aia cnaind in his bicain.
ANSYS, ANSYS Wbnch, Ansf Dsign, CFX, AutoDYN, FlueNt, GAmBIt, polYFloW, Aia, DsignSac, FIDAp, Fan, Icbad, Icchi, Icax, Ica,
FWizad, FloWlAB, G/tb, mixSi, Nxxi, Q3D exac, maxw, Si, mchanica, pfssina, Sca, Dsignmd, tGid, AI*envinn, ASAS,
AQWA, AraGas, Badd, DsignX, D ts, eD, engining knwdg manag, ekm, eag, Faig, Ic, Icwav, msh mh, paamsh, tAS,
tASStreSS, tASFet, tbGid, Visa, Vt Acca, CADoe, CSi, SIwav, ANSYS Saccai Dic md, rmx, pex, HFSS, F-Wav SpICe, Vifey,
Qicey, oiics, tpA, Ansflins, physics, Siain Divn pdc Dvn, Sa engining Siain and any and a ANSYS, Inc. band, dc, svic
and fa nas, gs and sgans a gisd adas adas f ANSYS, Inc. is sbsidiais cad in h unid Sas h cnis. ICem CFD is
a ada icnsd by ANSYS, Inc. A h band, dc, svic and fa nas adas a h y f hi sciv wns.
ANSYS, Inc. | Shin | 275 tchngy Div | Cannsbg, pA 15317 | u.S.A.
Executive EditorFran Hensler
Managing EditorChris Reeves
Art DirectorDan Hart
EditorsErik FergusonShane MoeykensMark Ravenstahl
Ad Sales ManagerHelen Renshaw
Editorial ContributorANSYS North AmericaSupport and Services
Editorial AdvisorTom Smithyman
DesignerMiller Creative Group
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Mother ofInventionSiain hs div ai wa a w yasahad f schd, saving $54,000in ys.
By Jim Shaikh, Founder, yoomi, London, U.K.
th yi is a cbind acag f baby b and
wa. A h ch f a bn, i gny was iqid
fd h xac a f bas i, qicy and
safy. th dsign chang was a fsh i f
5 C 34 C wihin n in f acivain acss a f
ang f baby dining sds.Whi ngining a way ha h
b, IFS ngins d a a nb
f chica and cica has and
dcidd s sdi aca
ihyda. this cnn is sd
in haing ads and hand was
bcas i givs ff ha whn i
changs has; in addiin, i can
b asiy chagd by biing. th
cha ng was ha h in i ia
y had h niina
fids ny 17 C, haf h ndd
a.
th ngining a sd fid
dynaics sfwa f ANSYS
sia h ihas fid
dynaics f h sd dsign.
By vaaing any siain ys, hy dbd
h fanc f h iniia dsign cnc whi
biding ny f hysica ys. IFS savd $54,000
by aviding h nd f 12 addiina hysica ys,and i divd h yi fd wa a w
yas ai han hwis wd hav bn ssib.
Whn sdi aca ihyda cysas a d
abv 80 C and awd c, h aqs sin
bcs sbcd. Cicing a a dis ass
ad cysas, casing h sin cysaiz in
sid sdi aca ihyda and as ha. In h
yi fd wa, h i fa ns hgh
channs and is had by h sidificain css js
bf h baby dins i. th channs a cvd
incas h an f sfac aa incnac wih h i.
th y ging h dsign igh
was dining h gy and siz f
h channs wh h ha is ansfd
h iqid. Addssing his chang
qis ndsanding a cx ha
sys in which sdi aca ihyda
gs hgh a has chang. I as
qis cnsidain f hw diffn
chann dsigns igh iiz ha
ansf as h fid.
th igina cnc dsign was
cad by cndcing vy basic
nica anayss basd n si
gis ha had bn sdid in
bishd ia, which had bn
dvd f ha ansf in aina
The yoomi warmer on left and bottle on right. The warmer fits
under the bottle cap and liquid is heated as it flows through
the channels of the warmer.
When my first son, Danial, was born, it was my job
to take the expressed milk out of the fridge and heat
it up while he cried to be fed. My wife said, You are
an engineer. Cant you do something useful? To
see what would happen, I assigned my engineering
consulting business, Intelligent Fluid Solutions (IFS)
Ltd., to come up with an easy way to warm liquids
fed to babies. The concept of the yoomi self-
warming baby feeding bottle was thus born. I now
work full time with the company yoomi, which has
sold thousands of bottle warmers.
Prototype 3 design of the yoomi system
Teat
(nipple)
Outlet
Heatsource
Milk
Inlet
Overmould
Screw cap
Bottle
Plug wall
CONSumEr gOOdS
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CONSumEr gOOdS
ANSYS Advanag V V, Iss 2, 2011
fws. th ia dsigns w sicd saigh
channs and, hf, vidd ss ha did n
ach hysica sing: Whn h IFS ngining a
dsignd and aid yd h iniia cnc dsign,
h i had ny haf h qid a.
th ngins cd hav gn bac h dawing
bad, changd h dsign, and bi anh aid
y. B ach y cs ab $4,500 and
a w bid. In addiin, h is f h aid
ys did n ach h dcin vsin f h
b wa. I baby wd hav an 16 ys
v f yas dv a aab dc sing h
ying hd.
IFS ngin D. Andj Hva sd ANSYS CFX fiddynaics sfwa d h aca chann gy.
Viwing h siain ss, Hva was ab
sbsaniay iv ha ansf fficincy by
dsigning h channs incas h fid ah. H
adjsd chann widh and dh iv ha
ansf. using his aach, h was ab incas
h a f h i cing f h dvic
22 C b b si n gd ngh.
Nx, Hva bi a d ha siad h has
chang f sdi aca ihyda b ndsand
hw h ha is gnad, ansfd hgh h was
f h channs, and assd h fding iqid. this
qid an acca d f h sidificain css.
H sd a sidificain d f h bhavia
chaacisics f sdi aca ihyda f h
ia and caibad i sing h xina daa.Hva hn cad s-dfind fncins and bddd
h in h ANSYS CFX sfwa.
th fid dynaics vidd sanding
fanc bain cnvgnc sing i ss
ag ngh vid aningf ss f his
cx anaysis. Wih his accishd, h a
was ab visaiz h c hysics, incding
hw h iqid gsss hgh h wa
channs, hw i shs ai in h si dicin,
and hw i ics ha f h has chang
aia.th ihas siain dnsad ha
sidificain is n a sab css. As h aia gs
f fid sid, i ass ngy, b if h ngy is
n vd, h acin ss. As h a dcd h
nb f channs iv h fficincy f ha
ansf, h was a ndncy f h iqid fw a
vay f chann chann. this an h a
was cd in s channs. th a aid fid
dynaics cafy baanc h fw bwn channs.
th ss shwd ha ai ays an ian in
h fanc f h yi wa. F xa, whnh b is id sid dwn s h baby can din,
h ai shs f h ni and in h haing
channs js as h i is ning hs channs. In
ay dsigns, siains shwd ha ai was ing
h fd f fwing in h ni. Hva ccd his
b by changing h chann gy adjs h
ai and fd fw ais s h ai cd fw in n
dicin and h i in h h. I wd hav an
ch ng ndsand and cc his b
wih h h f CFD siains.
mding h ihas bhavi f h haing
cnd sbsaniay ivd h agn bwn
h siain ss and hysica s ss. this
ndsanding f hw h wh sys ws was ciica
dving an iizd dsign in inia i, and i
wd hav bn issib wih fid dynaics. using
h acca siain ss, Hva was ab
a) b)
a) b)
With each iteration, channel geometry was adjusted to allow for more
consistent liquid flow.
Milk volume fraction in prototype 3: a)t = 39.3 s, b)t = 51.9 s
Milk volume fraction in prototype 4: a)t = 39.3 s, b)t = 51.6 s
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CONSumEr gOOdS
a) b)
Temperature in prototype 3: a)t = 39.3 s, b)t = 51.9 s Temperature in prototype 4: a)t = 39.3 s, b)t = 51.6 s
The design of the feed warmer was iterated to bring the milk at the nipple to an optimal temperature.
a) b)
Temperature of the warmer over a long period of time
Temperature in prototype 3, kplug = 10 W/mK: a)t = 39.3 s, b)t = 60 s, c)t = 120 s, d)t = 600 s
a) b) d)c)
fh fin h gy and incas h a
f h i 28 C, a significan ivn b si fa
f h ga.
th a bivd hy cd aidy iv h
dsign if hy w ab vaa a wid ang f
gis qicy. S Hva fd a sis f
dsign sdis sing h siain sfwa, and h sd
h ss bid a si anayica d ha va-
ad dsigns in ss i han f-bwn fid dynaic
siain wd a. H aid h anayica d
cnch hgh hsands f ssib gic
anaivs, hn icd h bs dsigns and fd a
f fid dynaics anaysis n hs. using his hd,
ngins w ab incas h a h
ag f 34 C.
Fids siain f ANSYS savd a hg an
f i and ny n his jc. If h ngins had
fwd h cnvnina aach f bid-and-s
ys, hy sia ha hy wd hav sn
$54,000 v f yas adying h dc f a.
Insad, fid dynaics siains ccy dicd h
hysics f h dc and ad i ssib
dsign bjcivs in haf h i wih ny f ys.
Whn h yi b in was anchd n h
wb, h iniia dcin n sd in js f days.
pdcin has bn ad dand, and
disibin channs a bing xandd incd h
u.k. and innaina ais. n
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ChEmiCAL PrOCESS
Moving TowardSustainable WastewaterTreatmentrsachs sdy h s f fid dynaics fficiny v
nvinnay hazads sdg in chica ans.By Quan Yuan, Cyrus Parks, Jen-Hsiang Kao, Jason Ammerman and Kenneth M. Kromka, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, U.S.A.
Cutaway diagram shows major parts of the sludge basin for bacterial treatment in chemical processing wastewater.
Chica css aicains dc was, s f
which ay cnain niay hazads aias ha
s b safy vd bf iqid ffn is
dischagd in h nvinn. Waswa an
(WWt) is csy gad by singn gvnn
sandads and is ssnia f ssainab chica
csss. Indd, indsy ads gad ssainabiiy
as a scia snsibiiy, vning in and
-sing wa as n f s cis scs.
th ga in sch nvinna iniiaivs is xac
was aias as fficiny as ssib by axiizing
hgh as sing h as an f ngy. Wih
his in ind, ngins a Dw Chica, basd in h
unid Sas, bad n a fw jcs sdy
h s f fid dynaics siain in dsigning and
aing WWt syss in chica cssing ans.
this sns a hg s fwad in an indsy
ha has adiinay id n icaing as dsigns in
nw ans.
As h Dw r&D a dnsad in his jc,
siain vids ian insigh in ciica WWt
ains and nabs ngins adiy x
ana cnfigains qicy and asiy aiv a
an iizd dsign. th siain hd cad is
inndd sv as a fndain in dving dsigns f
nw chica cssing ans as w as in b-
shing xising dsigns and fiing d ans wih
gadd WWt syss.
th hd fcss n h ciica s in WWt
ains in which scnd and fid iqid was is
ad in a ag aain basin ssniay a ag an
wih ins f civing aw aias and an f
daining ff ad ffn. Naay acciad bacia
wihin h basin ba dwn h ganic cnds in
Treated effluent outWastewater in
Thousands of nozzles in pipes disperse oxygen bubbles for
bacterial decomposition of waste
Rows of floating aerators push liquid downward for even
bacterial action throughout mixture.
Float assembly
Draft tube
Impeller
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a saf aia. A h b f n f h basins, nghs
f i wih sa saging nzzs bw ai bbbs
ha ansf xygn in h sdg acca dc-
siin f h was. th dcsiin css inanh basin is aidd by h siing acin f faing
aas, whs is sh iqid was gh
wih xygn bbbs dwnwad wad h basin f
discag sing and a vn disibin
f bacia acin hgh h ix.
Dw sachs had vc fidab
changs in ding hs csss. An xy
wid-anging dinsina sca had b accdad
in h d bcas ag sdg basins a yicay a
fw hndd f ng and wid and cnain hsands f
ii-sizd gas saging nzzs. tbn fw
f gas and iqid in WWt csss is highy cxand dnds n facs sch as h way bbbs
a jcd in h iqid, xygn ass ansf as
bbbs dissv in h iqid, h siz and sha f
nnshica bbbs, and h bichica acins
f xygn in dgading h was. th ns faing
aas a faiy cx assbis, as ach cnains
a fain assby wih an cic diving a
scw-y i ha fcs iqid dwn a daf b.In h fac f hs cxiis, h a had
c h sdy qicy and aain ss ha
accab vs f accacy. mv, cds had
b sandadizd s ha ngins sbsqny sing
h aach wd n hav -invn h cd
wih ach aicain.
t d h ffcs f i is and gas
saging nzzs, ngins fis siad h w-has
gasiqid acin f a sing nzz din h gas
disibin and h vciy f iqid f bbbs
disacing i h sids and fcing s f i wad.
this sa dain was hn sd as a basis sn
h cbind bhavi fi f h hsands f nzzs
in h ni sdg basin.
In sning h faing aas, h a avidd
ding h cx i gy and insad
sd si daa n h aa ing caaciy and
daf b v caca iqid vciy f h b
f diffn cncnains f bbbs in h basin.
mding h cx gasiqid fw in h sdg
invvd fis dining bbb siz and sfac aa
f xina asn sias basd n
h bn ngy dissiain a. An inhas assansf cfficin (h a a which xygn is dissvd
in h iqid) was hn cacad sing h Shwd c-
ain. Basd n his ass ansf cfficin, fid
dynaics siain dind a xygn dissvd
ang wih h sing bichica acin a in h
basin. Cacains f dissvd xygn and bichica
acin a w accishd hgh h ANSYS
Blue isosurfaces for near-floor liquid velocity of 0.2 feet per second
to prevent sludge solids from settling in the basin (top). Similar flow
can be achieved using only 13 aerators (bottom).
Inlets
Outlet
Simulation shows that the initial position of four inlets to the sludge
basin produce significant areas of insufficient dissolved oxygen, called
edge effects (top). Repositioning the inlets reduces these effects
significantly (bottom). Red indicates high oxygen demand, while blue
indicates low oxygen demand.
Edge effect
Norma
lize
dDOObtaine
dfrom
CFD
Normalized DO Obtained from Measurement
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.40.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000
There was good correlation between measurement and fluid dynamics
calculations of dissolved oxygen in the basin.
ChEmiCAL PrOCESS
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FlueNt s-dfind fncin (uDF) fa ha aws
csizain f h sin in fing scific cac-
ains hgh DeFINe acs vidd f his s.
A hs vaiabs incding gasiqid fw,
bnc, dissvd xygn and bichica acin
inics w cbind in a ag-dain dcnsising f 10 iin caina cs sning
h ni sdg basin. Sbsqn caisn f
h basins dissvd xygn asns wih fid
dynaics cacains shwd gd cain, hs
vaidaing h accacy f h aach.
this vaidain gav ngins cnfidnc in sing h
d in a wid ang f siains ha vidd insigh
in dsign changs f iizing h fanc f h
sdg basin. using h fid dynaics d, ngins
cd chang a fw y aas qicy sdy
vais anaiv cnfigains in aiving a h s
fficin dsign f ing fanc ciia. many fh siains s ANSYS FlueNt fas ca
issfacs ha dfin bndais saaing gins f
vais xygn vs iqid vciis, f xa.
Sch disays a hf in ndsanding h chaac-
isics f a cx sys ndging i bhavis.
on aa f invsigain was h ia siining
f h faing aas iniiz aas f w na-f
iqid vciis in which sids a iy s and
vn nif ixing f h sdg. using c-cdd
issfac disays f cnsan na-f iqid vciis,
sachs fcsd n h sing vciis (0.1, 0.2
and 0.3 f scnd) f aics anging in siz f500 icns 5,000 icns in dia. th a
idiay saw aas f w na-f iqid vciy
wih h basin nif aangn f 15 aas
siind in fiv ws f h nis ach. A sis f
iains indicad ha h s cs-ffciv
aangn iniiz his sw ixing acin was iina w f h aas in ws css h basin
. this dcin in h nb f aas f 15
13 was cn-iniiv, wih siain viding h
dicin ndd in difying h dsign.
using his nw aangn f 13 faing aas,
ngins nx invsigad h siin f in is,
wih h a h nd f h basin si h and
a fh n a basin sid wa. Siains shwd ha
sdg ning h basin f h sing sid-wa in
i dcd significan dg ffcs ha is, bands f
insfficin dissvd xygn winding hi way hgh-
h basin. rsiining h ins basd n h
siain ss hd avid hs ffcs.
Basd n h h-in cnfigain, siains
as indicad ha dissvd xygn gssd inay
f h in sid f h basin h sid, wih
a aas nning a h sa sd. Sing his
disibin, ngins cncdd ha a sis f dissvd
xygn bs cd b sacd and h i f
h basin f WWt as s accay as
dissvd xygn cnn in h basin. Sch asns
a ciica ia fanc f h sdg basin,
awing h xygn fw a b adjsd accding vaying xygn dands hgh h basin.
this scd jc shws ha WWt fanc
can b ivd significany hgh siain-basd
iizain f aa siining and fw as, in
sdg acn, and siining f dissvd xygn
bs. th sdy dnsas ha h s f fid
dynaics vids Dw wih insigh in h dsign and
ain f WWt syss and cnins assis h
cany in nging innvain.n
Dissolved oxygen in the horizontal center plane of the basin increases
linearly with the distance from the sludge inlet, so engineers were able
to position dissolved oxygen probes around the perimeter of the basin
to get accurate measurements.
Reducing the flow rate 50 percent for the bottom aerators resulted in
a near-uniform dissolved oxygen concentration throughout the sludge
basin. Red indicates 1 and blue indicates 0.
Norma
lize
dDO
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
ChEmiCAL PrOCESS
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Steppingon the GasCici and fid siain dcsindcanc sns aicain nginingf h nhs w ws.
By Lingmin Shao, Technical Specialist, and Ryan Elliot, Sensor Team Leader
KSR International, Ridgetown, Canada
ecnic h cn ws
bhind h scns vid a
nb f bnfis in aiv
aicains. I faciias h in-
gain f fas sch as sabiiy
cn which ss h vhic
f sidding aaic baing
syss, cis cn, acin
cn and -cash syss ha
qi h h b vd
indndny f h siin f h
acca da. A h sa i,
cnic h cn ws
iss ins and ivs f
cny.
th chngy vs h
chanica in bwn h acc-
a and h and insad cns
h h wih an cic . An
cnic cn ni (eCu) d-
ins h cc h siin
basd n daa ccd f w
AuTOmOTivE
snss ha ac h siin f h
gas da. th ha cns
h h is hn divn h
qid siin via csd-
cn f h eCu.
kSr Innaina is a ading
si f indcanc snss sd
din gas da siin,
which aws h cic
cn h h. ms indcanc
sns aicains can b addssd
by a cn dsign; hwv, as
kSr xands h chngy
diffn aicains wih diffn
snsing angs and acags, a
cs dsign is qid.
Iniiay, kSr sd ia-and-
hds, which axiay
h nhs dv cs
indcanc sns dsigns. m
cny, h cany has bn sing
Nxxi cici siain and HFSS
Electronic throttle control
pedal position sensor
Induction sensor architecture
3-D f-wav fini n c-
agnic siain sfwa f
ANSYS vaa h c
ain f is indcanc snss.
Bcas vaaing sfwa -
ys is fas han biding and
sing hadwa ys, kSr has
dcd h i qid ngin
a cs indcanc sns aica-
in ny w ws.
A ciica qin f cnic
h cn is ha a sns
accay and iaby din gas
da siin as h div vs i
wih his h f. Ha-ffc
snss vid n in; hwv,
hy y n a ann agn
whs agnis igh b dcd
v is ifi which igh cas
h sns dc inacca
adings. Indcanc snss, n h
h hand, snd anaing cn
hgh fixd ansissin cis.
ths dvics dc an c-
agnic fid ha gnas ddy
cns in a a cnncd
h gas da h dvic. th
ddy cns dc an anaing
cn in civ cis. th agni-
d and has f his anaing
cn dnd n h siin f h
. A sing aicain-scific
ingad cici (ASIC) xcish ansissin ci and ins
h signa f h civing ci
din gas da siin.
on cncn wih cnvnina
indcanc snss is ha inviab
anfacing ancs, sch as
ASIC:
Driving the oscillator
signal-processing calibration
Aluminum rotor
Coils:
Transmitting coil (CR)
Receiving coil (RM)
Reference coil (AM)
Backgroundmage
Stockphoto.com/Okea
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AuTOmOTivE
vaiains in h ai ga bwn h
and ansi and civ
cis, affc h snss ansffncin, which, in n, ay gna
inacca adings. kSrs innvaiv
dsign vcs his b
by incaing a fnc ci
ds ignd s ha h a
indcanc bwn h ansi
ci and h fnc ci is affcd
by h ai ga h sa dg.
thn, whn cssing h signa
f h civing ci, h a
indcanc bwn h ansi
and civ cis is dividd byh a indcanc bwn h
ansi and fnc cis.
this vids a aina ang
asn ha is indndn
f h ai ga.
kSr facs a significan dsign
chang in dsigning cs sns
aicains ha vay significany
f h basin. ths aicains
yicay hav a diffn ang f
in, which can qi nw cis
and an aicain-scific ingad
cici div h ansi ci,
as h vag gnad in
h civ ci, and caca hsiin f h gas da h
dvic whs aina siin is
bing asd. In any cass,
indcanc sns dsigns s
addss infnc f h
cnns in h css
dc. F xa, naby a
as igh affc h agnic fid
gnad by h ansi ci
and .
In h as, kSr ngins
dvd an iniia cnc dsign
basd n hi xinc and iniin
and hn bi a y. In s
cass, fanc f sh fqins. physica s ing
vids ny a vy iid nb
f daa ins, s i was fn diffic
diagns h cas. As a s,
h css cad f a cnsidab
nb f dsignbids cycs
cs qins and
ach an iizd dsign. th i-
cnsing aach was dndn
n h ngins si and ddicain.
m cny, kSrs s f HFSS
and Nxxi sfwa has dcd
h nd f hysica ying. th
Circuit simulation setup
Circuit simulation output shows the transfer function of a proposed design.
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
Y1[V]
Time [us]
198.60 198.80 199.00 199.20 199.40 199.60 199.80 200.00
Raw Signal @ Angle = 0deg
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
Y1[V]
Time [us]
198.32 198.50 198.75 199.00 199.25 199.50 199.75 200.00
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 200.00
-45 0 45
5
4
3
2
1
0
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Y1[V]
V(pps
)[V]
Output for different angleRaw Signal @ Angle = -45deg
Time [us]
197.80 198.00 198.20 198.40 198.60 198.80 199.00 199.20
Raw Signal @ Angle = 45deg
Output vs. Angle
Time [us]
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css bgins by iing iniia
dsign gy in HFSS f
a c-aidd dsign (CAD) fi.th ngin dfins h cica
aia is sch as i-
iviy and dicic ss angn,
abi i y and agnic ss
angn, b cica cndciviy,
and agnic saain ang wih
any bnday cndiins ncssay
scify fid bhavi n sfacs.
HFSS cs h f c-
agnic fid an insid h
sc, cacaing a ds
and s siansy f h 3-Dfid sin. I hn cs h
gnaizd S-aix, dcing h f
3-D cagnic bhavi f h
sc a s f high-fqncy
cici aas.
th HFSS d is insd as a
bc in a Nxxi f-cici si-
ain, which cbins h accacy
f cagnics wih h si-
ain sd f cici siain.
Nxxi vids ansis-v
accacy qid f siaing
snsiiviy anag and wiss fn-
nd cicis as w as bsnss and
caaciy ndd addss h
divsiy and cxiy f dn
ixd-signa ingad cici dsigns.
Indciv sns fanc
dnds n a gd scia. F-
cici siain as i asy
din if h scia has a can
wav f and hw ch cn i
cnss. Cici siain vids h ian dsign
infain, sch as h signa a
vais angs. F ASIC
ds can b id dicy in
Nxxi in cd ncd
vsins.paaic siains a fn
fd chaaciz h d
in s f hysica dinsins,
aia is vais sas.
th HFSS d is aaizd
and chaacizd v s-dfind
angs in aa sac and
fqncy. Ding cici siain, a
idinsina inain is
aid bain S-aa daa
qid by h cici sia f
aica aaic insancs f hd. F xa, kSr ngins
yicay f a aaic sdy
f h ai ga bwn h and
ansi and civ cis
ns ha inviab anfacing
vaiains wi n affc h sns
accacy. Diffn ai gas qi
diffn an cn vs ain-
ain h sa aw signa sngh. th
shd b indndn f ai
gas bcas f h fnc cis
(dscibd ai).
th f-cici d hs kSr
ngins addss inviab isss
ha ais in a-wd aicains.
F xa, s bacs cad
na h sns ac as a scnday
ddy a and can hav a significan
iac n . In n aicain,
adding a s bac, shaf and
b dcd vag by 11.6
cn, an naccaby h igh
an. kSr ngins cad asis f HFSS ds ha isad
ach f h cnns. this shwd
ha h bac an dcd h
by 10.2 cn, h shaf
by ny 1.3 cn, and h b by
0.1 cn. kSr ngins fcsd
hi anin n h bac and
ad sva dsign changs.
th a discvd ha adding a
20 h h bac dcd is
iac an incas f 0.7 cn
f . Whn addd h ffcs
f h b and shaf, h n s
was a ngigib iac n
vags, which can b ccd f
wih sandad fina gaing
adjsns.
In anh aicain, aaic
anaysis vad ha changing h
a f h indcanc snscasd h dif. kSr
ngins anayzd h cas by
saay anayzing changs in ci
a and ASIC. this sdy
dind ha h ci was h aj
cnib sns a dif.
th a dvd a nw ci
ha dcd h vaiain f
2 cn 0.5 cn.
Siain has nabd kSr
ngins iiz indcanc
sns dsigns i biding ay. th nw aach sb-
saniay dcs h i qid
ngin is dcs fi cs
aicains. th n s is a sb-
sania dcas in ngining css
and a dcin in i a. n
Original coil design (left) and improved
design (right)
Adding a hole to the bracket reduced its effect on output voltage.
Steel shaft Steel bolt
Steel bracket
AuTOmOTivE
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OFFShOrE
Rendering of steerable conductor
Deep ThinkingANSYS sca chanics hs sav yas in dsigningh fis sab cndc f nhancd i cvy.
By Rae Younger, Managing Director, Cognity Limited, Aberdeen, Scotland
on f h biggs changs in ffsh diing is
acca acn f h cndc casing. this c-
nn is a sva-hndd--ng b ha is
i-divn in h gnd i diing vn d
f casing and h h. A ffsh cains,
sis nd b aivy sf wih highy vaiab
sabd is; hs facs cnib acca
acn, sinc adiina cndcs fw h ah f
as sisanc.
engining cnsing fi Cgniy liid has
addssd his b by dving a sab
cndc ha can vid a-i acca siining.
this dvic s wihsand cssiv fcs f
600 ns as h cndc is ndd in h gnd; i
as s vid an nbscd b nc i is divn
dh. Sis incas in sngh wih dh, whichincass h n and ads n h cndc as i is
divn in h sabd. By sing ANSYS mchanica
sfwa in h ANSYS Wbnch af, Cgniy
ngins dbd h ad-caying caaciy f h sing
chanis, awing h cndc b anvd in
vy d sis. In addiin, h a finaizd h dsign
in fiv nhs, a i fa nhs ssiby yas
ss han wd hav bn qid sing adiina
dsign hds.
In di ing, ach cndc s b
siind accay h axiiz fid
dcin. F xa, cndcs igh b
sacd ang a 2.5 gid a h af
wih h ga f diving h in h sabd a
an ang, sading cv a dfind
aa. Sinc h diing css wans h
si, nw cndcs a naay dawn wad
xis ing w s which igh s in
abandning h cndc if i vs
cs a iv w . p y si ind
cndcs, nwn as jnd ss, can s
in a dcin cany incing s i and
addiina xns in sidacing h.
A ws-cas scnai can cc if a cndc
is acd s cs an xising w ha h
image
Stockphoto.com/sculpes
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OFFShOrE
iing ving h sh h
bn ns f h cndc
ncs a naby dcingw. Sch a scnai ay is an
ncnd as f hydcabns.
on bhaf f a cin, Cgniy
dvd a fy sab cndc
caab f acca acn in
highy vaiab si cndiins. ov h
as dcad, h indsy has iad
dsigns ha assivy vay h ang f
h sh in sns changs in si
cndiins. B Cgniys dsign is h
fis aw h cndc bsd in a i f h diing
af, which nabs vy acca
cn f h fina siin. th
bnfis f sch a sys incd
ssib incasd dcin and
dcd d i ing css hgh
iinain f jn ss.
Dsign f h nw sab cn-
dc snd aj changs: th
s nwhy is ha h dvic
s wihsand h ns fcs
qid div a bn bjc
hndds f s in h si. A
adiina dsign aach wd
hav qid ns f-sca
ys, ach sd fai
a vy xnsiv, i-cnsing
css. I wd hav an
sva yas f h Cgniy a
dv a wab dsign;
ngins wd hav had
s f h fis dsign ha
ini qins
ah han aiing iiz
h dsign.
Cgniy a diffn aach by sing ANSYS
mchanica siain sfwa, dving via -
ys vaa anaiv dsign fanc. Cgniy
scd h ANSYS Wbnch af bcas f is
abiiy v nw dsign idas f c-aidd
dsign (CAD) in siain, hn snd sd dsign
ivns bac CAD ciica ing h
jcs igh i schd. ANSYS Wbnch ffs
bidicina cnnciviy wih a CAD syss,incding Ads Invn, which Cgniy ss.
ANSYS mchanica sfwa is as aicab
dsign and iizain han h fini n (Fe)
anaysis acags ha Cgniy vaad. F xa,
an ngin can s cnacs wih a cic f a s,
and hs cnacs wi aaicay da whn hgy changs. this fa savd Cgniy cnsid-
ab i in dving h dvic, which invvs ag
assbis f ving as wih i cnac facs.
th ANSYS sca chanics sfwa as vidd
xcn scaabiiy n nnaa achins, which
hd s fas nand is qid f
dvn.
on fac ciica sccss was acca ding
f h si. Cgniy ngins dd vais cndc
cnc dsigns and vaad hi fanc whn
divn in a via nvinn: si f vaying -is. Si has a highy nnina sns, viding ny
cssiv sisanc nd aa ads. Ficin acs
n h sfac f h cndc, caing dag fcs
ha sis axia vn. Si sha snghs vay wih
dh and scific cain, and Cgniy sd aca si
s daa incas siain accacy. th ngins
dd h si by sing nnina sings cnncd
h cndc, nd vid h sa siffnss as h
si a a aica dh. miicing si, h nnina
sing vids sisanc
ina h fc
is sha in; f
ha in n, h fc is
cnsan.
on f h fis ass
qid was iizain
f h cndcs sh
ngh. D ing d i ing,
h a ss h
cndc by changing
h ang f h sh. th
sh vs s and ins
3 dgs in bh x and y
axs. A ng sh b
vids anvabiiy
in sf si; hwv, i
incass bh h acin
fc and sing n
n sing cnns
ha cnnc h sh h
s f h cndc.
C g n i y n g i n s
dd h cndc
bing divn in h gndwih a 600-n fc f
h ha, hn sd
anaysis ss sabish
Nonlinear springs were
used to represent soil forcesacting on the conductor.
FE analysis results show stresses
on the tendon.
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OFFShOrE
Stresses on radial locking pads that hold HDH in place
Stress analysis of the HDH helped Cognity engineers double system
capacity by optimizing design.
h axi gnad n and ads f h si
acins a h sh. this hd Cgniy ngins
idnify h ads n h ciica sing assby.
th nx s was ay hs ads h
cndcs inci cnns s hy cd b
iizd sis h fcs. on ciica cnn is
h hydaic dfcin hsing (HDH), a 4-n assby
wihin h 27-inch b f h cndc. th HDH is
snsib f hding h sh in siin and siss
h fcs gnad by h si. Anaysis shwd ha h
shc ading n his assby is f h d f 150 g,
which ncssiad a 600-n-caaciy cing ch-
anis hd h HDH in ac. Af h cndc is
divn in h gnd, h HDH is cvd, inscd
and fbishd s i can b sd again.
HPC Expedites the Design Process
th s f high-fanc cing was cii-
ca ing divy-i qins f his
jc. Cgniy ns sca chanics sf-
wa f ANSYS n a D t7500 wsain
wih 12 cs and 24 GB rAm wih rAID 0 SCSI
divs f ia dis sd. A yica d wih
ab 750 k ns and any cnacs can b
svd in an h ss, cad ab six
hs wih aa cssing. paa css-
ing as i ssib vaa fiv 10 dsign
iains day, nabing Cgniy aidy
iv hi dsign.
Cgniy aid ANSYS mchanica sfwa
din h ssss and dfcins n h fging ha
as h HDHs bdy. th iay as f isfanc is is n caaciy, which idnifis h
abiiy gna sid ad a an qivan ngh.
engins iizd h sha f h HDH, incasing is
siffnss by adding aia high-sss aas and
ving aia f w-sss aas hgh an
iaiv css.
th HDH ds in h sh; i is ad
vid caanc f h sh v in bh h x and y
axs. Gidd by sca chanics anaysis ss,
Cgniy ngins fnd a fficin way a h
HDH and addd ss in high-sss aas. As a s,h a was ab db h ngh a which h HDH
cnncs h sh, ffcivy dbing h syss
ad-sising caaciy.
th igina dsign sd cs hydaic cyinds
ha cs ab $160,000 ach and qid f nhs
f divy. using ngining siain, Cgniy
ngins dnsad ha h cs cyinds cd
b acd wih h inna as f ff-h-shf
hydaics ha cs ny $7,000 ach and cd b
divd wihin n nh. F h va jc,
Cgniy was ab c h dsign in ny fiv
nhs, axiay 70 cn ss i han wd
hav bn qid sing cnvnina hds. n
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ForecastingUnderwater NoiseSiain sndy dics hyd-acsicsding ffsh i diving.
By Ulrich Steinhagen, R&D Project Coordinator, MENCK GmbH, Kaltenkirchen, Germany
Marold Moosrainer, Head of Consulting, CADFEM GmbH, Grafing, Germany
Acss h vasnss f ans cans, caizd
snds igina f any diffn scs, bh
naa and an-ad. th an-ad scs f
xa, f shi affic, diing, ining and sna
qin hav significany addd ndwanis in cn dcads. In h gwing ffsh wind
w indsy, snd issin ad insaain and
OFFShOrE / ENErgy
ain, sciay ndwa, is a gwing cncn
d is nia iac n naby aqaic if.
In s cass, fndains f assiv ffsh
scs sch as wind bins a fd by diving
is in h sabd wih hydaic has. th Gancany meNCk GbH has a ng hisy f dving,
anfacing and aing sch has in wa
dhs 2,000 s (1.25 is). pdicing
hyd-acsics ding ffsh i diving is, hf,
f ga ins insaain cnacs wh s
cy wih igh snd-issin hshds. F
xa, h gay ii in Gany f ndwa
snd xs v a a disanc f 750 s f a
cnscin si is 160 dcibs (dB) a a fnc
ss f 1 icpasca (1x10-6 pa) [1]. knwing h
snd issin i cnscin hs cnacs
sc and dsign nis cin syss sch as
ai bbb cains ai-fid cffdas and h i
ha wi ca jc qins [2]. rdcing
ndwa nis, hwv, ains an nging sbjc
f sach, as n sing sys is aia f
a siains.
Wih his bacgnd, a meNCk sach a
iniiad an aicain jc wih c-aidd
ngining sfwa and svics cany CADFem
s ANSYS siain s nicay dic nd-
wa snd issin. tansin sca anaysis f h
diving iac is cny fd vaachanica chaacisics f highy add ha
cnns, sch as h a, anvi, ada as and
fws. meNCk ngins xandd his igina
siain cnsid nis again by w-way
cing f h i vibains and wa ss sing
h acsic ns in ANSYS mchanica sfwa.
MENCK hydraulic hammer
Two-D axisymmetric simulation model in ANSYS Mechanical software.
Components of the hammer and pile system along with the water and seabed
zones that they inhabit; zone of interest for FSI is indicated with a line.
Closeup of hammers
meshed region including
lower section of ram, anvil
and top of the follower
Ram
Anvil
Follower
Pile
Water
FSI
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OFFShOrE / ENErgy
th w-dinsina axisyic siain
cnsisd f h a, anvi, fw, i, si and wa.
Cing h wa dain h sca ns
f h i was ad ssib via ANSYS mchanica
fidsc inacin (FSI). th meNCk a s h
as iniia vciy achiv h dsid iac ngy,
wih a h cnns bing a s. Bnday
cndiins incdd acsica fcin a h sabd
and acsica absin a h bnday, whi h
asic si is w dd as aa sings.
rsachs aid a si absin bnday
cndiin bcas, whn ny h sh- na-fid
snd again is f ins, fcin is n a ccia
iss f ansin anaysis f acsics bs. th
a addiinay axiad h waai infac as
a f sfac wih z ss, which is aia fa nn-igid bnday.
meNCks ngins s h siain in h
ANSYS Wbnch nvinn sing ANSYS paaic
Dsign langag (ApDl) cn FSI and acsics
aas. FluID29 acsic ns awd
ding h snd fid cv da, hanic
and ansin sins. th hy f acsic wavs
ndying h FluID29 n aach is basd n h
sa fndana qains as caina fid
dynaics (CFD): cnsvain f ass and n.
Hwv, assins sch as z-fw vciy and
inviscid, cssib fid is w ad has in a inaizd acsic wav qain. A ina
qain is asnab bcas, vn f vy high snd
ss vs, h acsic ss vaiains gnay
sn ny ab 0.2 cn f abin ss.
In cnc wih h FluID29 ns, addiina
disacn dgs f fd sd h infac
h sca dain. In his way, meNCk cd d
h f cing bwn h fid (acsic) and sc
dains accn f h snd adiad by a vibaing
sc and, a h sa i, cnsid h addiina
ad f his snd ss fid n h sc [3]. th
na-fid sin in h viciniy f h i cd hn b
sd dic h snd ss v in h fa fid by
ans f an addiina d ha accns f h ffcs
f vaiing can chaacisics n snd again.
F his addiina d, h meNCk g sd
anayica ains basd n s daa ha w avaiab
f snd again as a fncin f disancaccning f wa dh and sabd is.
Nica ss f h siain hav bn
vaidad f h insaain f h ni n h FINo3,
a gvnn-snsd wind ngy sach af
in h Nh Sa [4]. th caisn f asd and
cacad snd ss a a disanc f 245 s
f h i shwd gd cain f h fis ss
as aid. Bynd his iniia anaysis w,
hwv, fh vaidain is qid: th a snd
ss v bsvd na h i is aivy high
cad h abin ndwa ss, which
igh via ina wav hy. A f FSI anaysis c ANSYS mchanica wih ANSYS CFD fid fw
siain sfwa wih h sad yica assins
f ina acsics ay b aid f his s. n
References[1] Abromeit, C. Licensing Requirements and Conditions in the German
EEZ, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH). Proceedingsof 24th Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Stralsund,Germany, March 2010.
[2] Nehls, G.; Betke, K.; Eckelmann, S.; Ros, M. Assessment and Costs ofPotential Engineering Solutions for the Mitigation of the Impacts ofUnderwater Noise Arising from the Construction of Offshore
Windfarms;BioConsult SH report on behalf of COWRIE Ltd.: Husum,Germany, September 2007.
[3] Moosrainer, M. Analyzing Vibration with AcousticStructural Coupling.ANSYS Advantage,2009, 3(2), pp. 4042.
[4] Steinhagen, U. Transient FE Simulation of the Hydro-Acoustics duringPile Driving. Proceedings of ANSYS Conference & 27th CADFEM UsersMeeting, Leipzig, Germany, November 2009.
Underwater sound generation and propagation shown as a sequence
of snapshots in time. Within a steel pile, the speed of sound is about
5,000 meters per second, while the speed of sound in water is about
1,500 meters per second resulting in radiation patterns and specific
inclination angle.
Comparison of measured and calculated underwater sound pressure at
a distance of 245 meters from the pile. Knowing the sound propagationlaw for this region, the sound pressure at 750 meters can be calculated
and converted into decibels (dB).
1 23
4 5 6
Soun
dPressure
[Pa
]
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
Comparison of Measurement and Calculation at 245 m from Pile
Time [s]
0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050
Measurement
Calculation
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Building on aGlobal ReputationNInsigh vifis h achica dsign f anda bidingssing ngining siain.
By Michael Stadler, Research Scientist, NInsight, Graz, Austria
In h wd f achic, aciins i Fan Ghy
a shing h iis f biding dsign wih hi s f
nv shas and innvaiv aias, whi ngins
fac h acica as f binging hs aba visins
if. Achica and sca ngins n ny
ns h ingiy f h achics igina cnc,
hy as addss sch agaic isss as sca
sndnss, ccan and dsian safy, wind and
ain ads, and h ng- ffcs f wah n
biding aias.
th Asian fi NInsigh has dvd a wdwid
ain f hing achica ngins cndc
sach, anayss and siains ha vify biding
dsigns bf significan fnds a invsd in
cnscin. Fndd in 1992, h ganizain sdis
and difis achica dsigns and biding aias,
ang h jcs, in a via nvinn wih h aid
f sfwa f ANSYS.
on f NInsighs s visib jcs is h
Gggnhi ms in Biba, Sain, dsignd by Ghy
and idiay add as an achica anda
whn i nd in 1997. th Gggnhi bass n f
h wds s cgnizab dsigns, wih is ianisfac and ganic cns. B whn Ghy cncivd
his achica visin in h id-1990s, h w any
nnwn facs, incding hw h niq sha wd
affc wind fws and vciis and h sc,
whh h sing-s cany a h nanc wd
ain sab v i, and hw h nw iani ay
wd wihsand h casa nvinn.
CONSTruCTiON
Austrian engineering research firm NInsight used ANSYS software
to verify some critical design elements for the world-renownedGuggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.
NInsight modeled the Guggenheim Museums facade with spline
surfaces, which helped to create a high-quality mesh for subsequent
simulations. This hybrid tetrahedra/hexahedra mesh with prisms in the
inflation layer consisted of approximately 3,600,000 discrete elements,
leading to an extremely accurate and realistic simulation environment.
This simulation shows the streamlines and pressure distribution for
typical wind conditions in the city.
ANSYS software was absolutely critical to the engineering verificationperformed for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao because of its ability to
handle complex shapes and free-form surfaces.
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CONSTruCTiON
using ANSYS ICem CFD and ANSYS CFX sfwa,
NInsigh siad wind ans, sains and
sss and h sc and sggsd sadsign dificainssch as sigh changs in h
sha f h biding na gnd v and dificains
h nanc cany. th igina sha f h cany
d ndsiab ffcs, incding wind vciis ha
w high a h dsian v. engins addssd
his iss by difying h sha f h cany s ha
dsians cd v safy and cfaby and
h bidings i.
ANSYS ICem CFD sfwa nabd NInsigh
sachs ca an incdiby daid gic
sh f h Gggnhi sc. th shing css
was cnvniny divn by aaic cva, xiiyand qaiy ciia. this hd avid xnsivy
disd swd ns ha wd dgad h
qaiy f h siain, ad sw cnvgnc f
ss, a i issib aain ss a a.
th wf caabiiis f ANSYS CFX wd
h NInsigh ngining a cay wind fw
siains wih a fw sv f disc NaviSs
qains sing h - d f bnc.
Achica sachs as siad h ng-
ffcs f wah n h xis iani ay, which
sd in sigh changs in h aias csiin
ha wd iv is sisanc sin. t dicsin ffcs, hy sd h ahaica d by
Finni, which as wa h a f inic ngy
f aics iacing h sfac. F aicai
n cing, NInsigh sd h d by
SchiNaann fnd in ANSYS CFX sfwa.
ANSYS chngy was ciica h ngining
vificain fd f h Gggnhi bcas f is
abiiy hand cx shas and f-f sfacs.
Wih h sfwa, NInsighs anaysis wd hav
naid caing i hysica ds f sing
nd changing cndiins in wind nns and h
hysica nvinns. th siains wd hav bn
viay issib -ca wih hysica ys
and ss, d bh h css and i invvd.
Insad, h achica a qicy and iniivycad han 150 via s cass ha sbjcd
h Gggnhi dsign a vaiy f changing
cndiins and scnais which wd hav an
yas dica wih a-wd sing. th sfwa
savd h cany i and ny and cad a ch
ga dg f cnfidnc in h safy and fanc
facs f his anda sc. th aaic sdis
iginay w aad wih cs-dsignd scis,
The visual appearance of the Guggenheim facade particularly the
reflective properties was critical to the ultimate success of thebuilding. Because Bilbao is in a coastal region, it was necessary for
NInsight to analyze the long-term erosion effects of sand particles on
the facade. In the simulation shown here, the red highlights indicate
regions where the effects of erosion would be most pronounced.
Based on this analysis, engineers studied several different material
compositions to find the optimal resistance properties.
NInsigh has vagd anda jcs bid is
gba ain f sing h sach nds f
ngining fis and ANSYS sfwa has aways
bn h fis f chic.
th agihs f ANSYS sfwa a h s
sab I hav v sn, which has awd sach
a sh h iis f ngining siain js
as achica cins a changing h
bndais f biding dsign, said Sad. H nd
ha ANSYS sfwa as i ssib f NInsigh
sachs d cx shas and f-f
sfacs, i h Gggnhi, as w as fihas siains qid by h Fnc, Iay,
aiway sain jc. In 18 yas f wing wih his
sfwa, w hav nv ncnd an ngining
siain chang ha ANSYS s w n
qid addss, said Sad.
ANSYS and NInsight: a Longtime Collaboration
Whi gaining a ain f siain f
achica jcs, NInsigh as sias h
fanc f bidica dvics, ngins, and a
vaiy f indsia and cns dcs.
Whh w a ding an ni biding a
sa cnay sn, ANSYS s h cins
s h aca ffcs f cx syss and ch-
aniss ha wd hwis b diffic, i cnsing
and hibiivy xnsiv as, said Sad.
engining siain hs css nd-
sand xacy wha is ging n, bh qicy and cs
ffcivy. this nwdg is indisnsab f h sc-cssf dsign f a ang f syss, f achica
andas dica dvics, cns dcs and
indsia cnns.
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bcas h ANSYS Wbnch af was n y
avaiab whn h biding was anayzd. Hwv, wih
h indcin f ANSYS Wbnch, hs sdisbca vn asi anag. Wih bidicina CAD
cnnciviy, aad shing, a jc-v da
chanis, vasiv aa anagn
and ingad iizain s, ANSYS CFD divd
ncdnd dciviy in anayzing i
dsign vaiains.
Extraordinary Designs ... Practical Considerations
m cny, NInsighs achica sach a
wd vify s dsign ns f y anh
anda sc: h bahaing nw Fnc raiway
Sain, cissind by h Iaian gvnn andcncivd by wd-nwnd achic Si Nan
Fs. Schdd n in 2016, his innvaiv
sc is aady bing haid f niq fas sch
as is daaic aching f, which aws an abndanc
f naa igh in h ini sacs f h biding.
th f is h sains s siing fa, and i is
h s baic f an ngining sciv.
th fs sha ncssias h ccin and saf
disibin f assiv ans f ainwa. NInsigh was
cissind anayz h fs n-chann dainag
sys and f a sis f cx ain fw
siains. ths anayss w aid a sdying h
fs fanc nd diffn ainfa and dainag
siains, h sin ans f is any gass sfacs,
and h ffcs f faing ainwa n dsian safy.
Anayzing h fs dainag syss was aicay
changing bcas wa is channd hgh bh
is and n channs. th a ins wh ain
wa is jcd f a dainag i and avs hgh
h ai n gass ans
s h NInsigh a
ndd w in
i hass sdy h ffcs f bh ai and wa.
Fnay, ANSYS CFD sfwa has h caabiiy
d bh yica wa fws and h cx
n-chann hydaics assciad wih h fs niq
dsign.
th NInsigh a cndcd a nb f cx
caina fid dynaics siains f y in-
scins f h fs n-chann dainag sys
assss a-wd cnsqncs f vfw ainfa. By
sing ANSYS sfwa sia vais chaacisics
f hs inscins, NInsigh sachs sd vaisfw ds assss h iac f vais dgs f
bcag f h w chann.
th siains dnsad ha h w s
inscins wh wa v wd sn a dang
dsians waing bw s h fs dainag
sys was difid addss his iss. By adding a
scnd dainag chann ndnah h iay sys
hand vfw cndiins, ainfa was disibd in a
way ha wd c dsians and iniiz sin
isss assciad wih js f jcd dainag wa
hiing w ins f h gass f.
Sigh dificains sggsd by NInsigh hav bnincad in h fina dsign f h Fnc raiway
Sain. Anaysis wih ANSYS sfwa, which was
cndcd in 2007, awd h cnscin jc
cd as schdd, wih h nd bid aca
ds f h dainag sys and cndc hysica ss
wih w. n
Architectural researchers at NInsight were integral in assessing and
improving the drainage system of the Florence Railway Stations roof
the buildings most striking and challenging feature.iae cotes Foste + Patnes.
NInsight researchers used ANSYS software to create 3-D CFD
simulations for a variety of rainfall conditions in assessing performance
of the station roofs unique open- and closed-channel drainage system.
This simulation shows two different drainage streams (red and blue)
converging in a single channel near the perimeter of the building.
As shown here, the original design resulted in a large jet of water
being ejected from the channel at this intersection. To avoid this, the
perimeter channel was modified to include a secondary drainage
system for overflow conditions.
CONSTruCTiON
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A typical turbocharger supplied by Cummins
Turbo Technologies
TurBOmAChiNEry
Breath of Fresh AirCins ss high-fanc cing div bbchags a fas by siaing h ni sag.
By John Horsley, Engineer, Air Handling, Cummins Turbo Technologies, Huddersfield, U.K.
As a dv f bchags,
Cins tb tchngis has
wsd wih and nw svd
nning f -sag siain iay div a b dc.
th ns siz f bchag
s ia in ds , avag ing
8 iin ns f h css
sag and 12 iin f h bin
sag, visy ad i issib
n f-sag siains as a f
h na dsign css. ANSYS
caina fid dynaics (CFD)
sfwa ays a ciica in h
dsign css by nabing Cins
ngins vaa a wid ang
f dsign anaivs iiz
fanc i biding a dc
vn a y. Cins gadd
a 160-nd high-fanc
c cs a f advanag
f h sfwas na-ina aa
cssing caabiiis. th nw
high-fanc cing (HpC)
sys has dcd sin is by
a fac f 12, aing i ssib
iny n f-sag siains.
As a s, Cins has bn ab
iv bchag fanc
and dc i a.
Cins tb tchngis
dcs bchags f dis
ngins sd in aiv, ff-
highway, w gnain
and ain aicains.
Nw a divisin f gbaw ad Cins
Inc., i was fndd as
Hs engin ing,
d c i n g a b an d
synnys wih b-
chaging and ai f w
anagn f h as
fiv dcads. tbchags
f Cins tb tch-
ngis a fnd in di-
and havy-dy dis nginsand h wd.
In si s, a bchag
ciss a bin and css
cnncd by a cn shaf
sd n a baing sys. th
bchag csss ai fwing
in h dis ngin. this nabs
h ngin sqz ai in a
cyind s ha f can b
addd, which, in n, incass h
w f h ngin.
In h as, Cins dsignd
bchags by ging hgh
i bid-and-s hadwa
y cycs vify fanc,
sss and faig if. this css
was vy i cnsing and
xnsiv. Whn h cany bgan
cnving an anaysis-d dsign
sagy, Cins tb tchngis
scd ANSYS CFX sfwa as is
iay CFD bcas f is
indsy-ading chngy f b-
achiny siain. ANSYS CFX
nabs Cins ngins
vaa dsign cncs and
vaiains viay in a facin f h
i and cs qid in h as
sing hysica ys. Whi h
daa ha can b cad f had-
wa ys is iid by sns
caabiiis, CFD nabs ngins
asiy din wha is haning
a any in in h cainadain. Siain ss shw vy
gd cain wih hysica sing
in h ab n h gas sand.
ANSYS HPC technology is enabling Cummins to
use larger models with greater geometric details and
more-realistic treatment of physical phenomena to
generate results in less time.
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TurBOmAChiNEry
on f h changs in si-
aing bchags is h nd
s xy dns shs
accay sn h cx
gy and ca h f fw
fas f days advancd b-
chags. this, in n, cas
xy ag bs ha qi
hg ans f cing w
sv.
Cins vis gnain f
HpC incdd igh nds f aa
cing caaciy. Siain f a
f-sag css bwn
36 and 48 hs, and a f-sag
bin siain bwn 60
and 72 hs. this was ng
ac wih h dsign css,
s ngins yicay siad ny
as f h css bin
sag, sch as h bin wh,
nzz hsing. thgh hs
siains w vaab, ngins
f ha hy cd achiv hi
dsign bjcivs cnsidaby fas
if hy w ab sia h ni
sag b ndsand h
inacins bwn h vaisbchag cnns.
t accish his ga, Cins
ind a 160-nd high-
fanc c cs nning
n h linx aing sys. ms
CFD siains a h cany a
n n 32 nds, nabing fiv si-
ains b n a n i. th nw
sys has dcd siain i
by a fac f 12. A sing n f a
f-sag css nw as f
hs, and a f-sag bin si-
ain can b n in fiv six hs.th ivn in fanc is
ga han ina : th nw
gnain f hadwa is
fficin, and cn ivns in
h CFD sfwas aa cssing
fh dc i.
th abiiy n f-sag si-
ains whi ing ac wih h
dsign css vids insighs ha
w n avaiab in h as whn
siaing individa cnns.engins can gain a ch b
ndsanding f h inacin
bwn h css wh and
h diffs whn siaing h ni
sys. F xa, h css
sag hsing is asyica,
which ss in a vaiab ss
disibin and h cicfnc
f h css wh. engins
can nw as i y v isa iz hw
ha ss disibin affcs
css wh fanc.
using HpC vids Cins
ngins wih ngh dai in h
siain fy ndsand dsign
Static pressure rise through the
compressor stage as well as the
level of mesh and flow detail
provided by simulation
Interaction between volute and compressor wheel highlighting pressure variations around the
vaneless diffuser
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HPC Technology for Large Problems
ANSYS CFX sfwa ss a sing-ga i-daa (SpmD)
aa inain, nning idnica vsins f h cd n
i csss. th va n cd is dividd in w ss:
a aiining s, in which h sh is dividd in aiins, and a
sin s, wih a sv css nning f ach sh aiin
nd h cn f an va as css. Scia i-ass
aiining is avaiab whn siaing cd aing and sainay
cnns in bachiny aicains iiz h aiining
agih and, hby, iv aa fanc. In gna,
h sv axiizs h aaizain f nicay innsiv ass
and iniizs h sia ass handd by h as css.
Cnicain bwn csss ding a aa n is fd
sing h as ssag-assag ibais, incding paf
Cing mpI and micsf mpI. Sin scaabiiy is xcn,
shwing na-ina sd in any cass.
TurBOmAChiNEry
adffs whi baining ss in a
i fa ha aws f axi
iac n h dsign css. HpCas nabs ngins incas
sh dnsiy h iv
accacy f h siain ss.
on aa in which dnsiy is ciica
is h caanc ah and h
cicfnc f h css
wh, wh ai can a hgh
iny gas. this aa is diffic
dsign bcas h anfacing
css can indc vaiains,
casing h gas b bigg sa han h nina dsign. HpC
as i ssib gna a sh
ha is fin ngh accay
din h iac f sa
vaiains in hs gas as w
as h ciica fas. engins
can hn vaa h f ang f
ssib ga sizs din h
iac f diffn anfacing
hds and ancs.
engins a Cins nw s
f-sag siains dsign nw
dcs, vaida changs xising
dcs, and vaa nw ch-
ngis. thy as vaa any
diffn css sag dsigns
s which n vids h bs
baanc bwn fficincy, fwang and ss ai. Css
f Cins yicay a sing high
fficincy, a wid fw ang and a
scifid ss ai. ths
cnsains fn cnfic wih
ach h: F insanc,
incasing ss a i
gnay dcs fficincy.
tbin dsign as qis
da ing wih any h
adffs. F xa, hbin wh nds ach
h fw ang whi viding
h highs ssib fficincy
and ing chanica dsign
cnsains.
ANSYS HpC chngy is
nabing Cins s ag
ds wih ga gic dais
and aisic an f hysi-
ca hnna gna ss in
ss i. Insad f snding nhs
bid and s a hysica -
y days sia a dsign
sing hi vis-gnain HpC
sin, Cins ngins can nw siansy vaa f iv
f-sag css bin
dsigns in a fw hs. physica
sing si ays a via in h
dsign css, b h nb f
ys ha hav b bi and
sd has bn sbsan ia y
dcd. thgh xnsiv si-
ain, Cins ngins a nw
say ab g h dsign igh h
fis i. th s is ha Cins
can bing nw dcs a in
ss i whi sbsaniay dcing
ngining xnss. th w
f HpC has ad i ssib f
Cins nvisin cbining bh
bin- and css-sag si-
ain wih a f-ngin siain
iiz hi dsigns an vn
high v. n
Expansion of gas through a variable geometry
turbine stage and level of detail defined in the
mesh used for simulation
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CONSTruCTiON
Better Cooling, Hot SavingsFid dynaics s daa cn sv acsc sing ss ciciy.
By Marco Lanfrit, Continental Europe Consulting Manager, ANSYS, Inc.
Ha is h ny f cnic ci-
cis. S ngins a h ANSYS
daa cn in ofing, Gany,
cand h ai cndiining f
bas whn a as nah svs s abv accab
iis. H ss aind, hwv.
engins sd fid dynaics
idnify aifw bs, and h
insigh i vidd d a qic and
inxnsiv way vn
as and s igni f icany
iv cing fficincy.
H ss w cncnad na
h f six acs ha hs daa
cn svs and h hadwa,sch as bac w sis and
daa sag nis. pa a-
s avagd 41 C (106 F), fa abv
h 34 C (93 F) a ndd
f ia ain and dangsy
cs 45 C (113 F), a which ha-
snsiiv cnic cnns sa
fai.
th h h acs in qsin
hs svs sd n h cns
sins f xy ag bs
incding highy daid anayss
ha xcd cs cing
caaciy, cx siains f
ngining aicains cnacd
by h ANSYS ngining a, and
inna s cass n by ANSYS fhysics-ad sach. ths and
h cx siains s
high-fanc cing (HpC)
in which ag bs a dividd
in sa sgns and hn
svd in aa, ah han in
cnvnina sia fashin.
paaizain aws h sin
f xy ag bs by sing
i-c Cpus ha ach cnain
han n iccss. Adaa cns sch as h n in
ofing, acs f hs HpC i-
c Cpus ay cnain hndds
hsands f iccsss, giving
h h abiiy c cx
siains in a fw hs.
A aj ad iss is dissi-
aing ha gnad by s any
iccsss nning sian-
sy. ovhad sac iiains
d sing h sandad-acic
cd f aying dic cing
hgh fad ans n a aisd
f.
In sach f an ana sin,
ngins cad a siain
d sning h aj facsaffcing ha disibin in h
daa cn. th is aivy
sa, wih 32 sqa s f f
sac and a high f 2.5 s.
Sv acs a axiay
2 s high, aving ab a haf-
caanc h ciing. th
is axiay 2 s f ca-
anc h adjacn sid wa a ih
nd f h ac w. High-w fans
bw h ai, axiay 26 kWf ha ngy, f h h HpC
cs acs cnaining axi-
ay 450 iccsss. Anh
9 kW f ngy xis h h h
acs, which cnain sva id-
ang cnvnina svs, a bac
sv, daa sag nis, a fi sv
and an ninib w sy.
A h a f h (bhind h
acs, an ida siin f scing in
c ai ) a w cing nis
nd hiznay na h ciing.
Server racks viewed from front of room. The three racks on the left
house HPC servers. Ideally, cool air from wall-mounted air conditioners
on the rear wall (behind the racks) gets drawn into the racks, and hot
air from the servers is expelled out the front. Racks to the right of the
HPC servers contain mid-range conventional servers, backup server,
data storage units, file server and an uninterruptible power supply.
Once thermal partitions were installed in the data center, the room
temperature could be turned up to save electricity and still maintain
proper cooling for the equipment.
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CONSTruCTiON
each ni is ad a 12.7 kW cing
wih an ai-handing caaciy f
8,000 3/h han ngh sfficiny hand h 35 kW f
ha ngy givn ff by a
qin in h .
Basd n hs aas, fid
dynaics siain sing ANSYS
FlueNt sfwa dcd ha
cns f h was, indicaing a
h s in h cn wh h ai
xid h HpC sv acs. this h
aa cnind ang h f h
adjacn sid wa and was aana h ai in f h HpC sv.
C as xisd ang
h sid wa fahs f h HpC
svs. ta asns
in hs aas agd csy wih h
siain dicin.
A sain shwing ai-
fw and ad as hd
xain h h ss and nvn
a disibin in h .
essniay, h ai f h HpC acs(sciay h ac a h nd f h
w) was bwing wad h fn f
h and was scd v and
and h acs dicy bac in
h in sid f h acs, insad f
bing dawn in h cing ni as
inndd. In addiin, h aifw f
h HpC sv was diving aifw
f h cing nis, s c ai was
ny aiay aching h HpC acs,
hs fh aising h a f
ai bing dawn in h HpC sv
acs by fans in h nis.
Wih his insigh, ngins a-
snd ha adding w scins f
ha aiin (n xnding f
h f h acs h ciing
and anh f h sid f h
HpC acs h adjacn wa)
wd sv hs isss. th
a qicy vaad f h
cnfigains sing h sa
d. thgh s cnfigainsw aginay fficin han
h n scd, hy w d
bcas f ga cxiy.
Siain f h chsn cnfig-
ain (wih h ha aiins
addd) shwd daaic iv-
n in diving a nif-
iy in h daa cn and
cing h acs. Accding h
anaysis, HpC ac a a
was wd f 41 C (106 F)
34 C (93 F). Addiinay, incasd
cing fficincy in h ang f
10 cn 20 cn nabd
ngins acay ais avag
a 8 C (ax 15 F)
by adjsing h ai cndiining
cn a wa sing.
tas dicd by h
siain vd b cc whn
asns w an fwing
aiin cnscin. this iv-
n, h s f adding w si
ha aiins, ansas in
an avag anna cs savings f
10,000 s an sanding n
n an invsn f a jc ha
ab w days f w in
ngining i and js a fw
days nva. n
Contour plot (top) shows hot spots resulting
from hot airflow traveling over and around the
rack units directly back into the rack inlet. This
hot airflow pushes cooling air partially away
from the HPC racks to further increase air
temperature drawn into the racks (bottom).
Original data center room configuration
Bf
Addition of a simple thermal partition
significantly improved temperature uniformity
and airflow.
Constructing thermal partitions (highlighted)
at the top and one side of the racks was a
quick and inexpensive way to modify airflow
for correcting the overheating problem.
Af
Wa-ndcing nisbw c aiwad h bacf h acs
rw f six acs
Fn wa
racs cnainingHpC svs
Ai fcing nis
H ai f ac fansbf nvain
thaaiinddd
rnyds
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Sutures in the infant skull
Cut to the BoneSiain dcs sgy dain and ain isin aing infans wih s disds.By Marek Gzik, Associate Professor, and Wojciech Wolanski, Department of Applied Mechanics
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Dawid Larysz, M.D., Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Canisynssis is a diaic cndiin in which h
ss bwn h bn as f an infans s cs
bf bain gwh is cd. th had is fn
isshan, b ian is ha h cndiin ighad dvna difficis. Canisynssis can
b ad via sgy saa h fsd scs.
Dining wh c and hw any cs a
is diffic. rsachs a h Sisian univsiy f
tchngy in pand a sing ANSYS mihysics
sfwa dc h nb f cs qid f bn
xansin. Af 20 sccssf ains, nsgn
Dawid laysz f h mdica univsiy f Sisia s
ha h aach has hd iv ain -
cs hgh dcd sgy dain.
A nwbns bain gws and dvs aidy,
dbing in v in h fis nin nhs and iingwihin h yas. th s s xand aidy
accda his gwh. th na infan s
cnsiss f sva bn as saad by fibs jins
cad ss. ths ss snd bain gwh by
sching and dcing nw bn, awing h s
gw in nisn wih h ndying bain. In i h
ss cs, fing a sid ic f bn.
hEALThCArE
Wih canisynssis, h ss cs ay,
dcing xansin and nw bn cain, casing h
bain a h ah f as sisanc. uiay,
h sha f h bain, s and fac bcs disd.
Sv fs f canisynssis ay s in
dvna days na adain. th cndiin
affcs n in 2,000 iv bihs; i affcs as wic asfn as fas.
In sv cass, sgy is h cndd a-
n. th sgn fans h fhad bn a i
fxib and hn as adia cs, cad s-
is, in h bn wan i, inninay awing
i df as h bain dvs. Iday, sgica
ccin shd cc bwn h ags f h nhs
and six nhs.
th chang f
sgns is f
h ini nb
f sis ha wi
aw h bain gw
is siz wih-
dfing h s
dcing is sngh.
onc h sis
hav bn cd,
Frontal bones
Anterior fontanelle
Sagittal suture
Posterior
fontanelle
Occipital boneLambdoid suture
Parietal bones
Colonal suture
Metopic suture
A child with craniosynostosis requires frequent medical evaluations to
ensure that the skull, facial bones and brain are developing normally.
The least invasive type of therapy involves use of a form-fitting helmet
or band that fits snugly on the prominent areas of the head but allows
the recessed and flattened portions to gradually expand into the open
areas of the helmet, molding the head as it grows.
Infant prepared for corrective surgery
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hEALThCArE
ANSYS Advanag V V, Iss 2, 2011 27
h s sh d
dica as csy
as s s i b h
chanica -
is f a na s.
Nsgns
y n nwdg
a n d x i n c
ding -aiv
anning. thi na-
a ndncy is
n h sid f safy, fing ngh sis
ns h is ia f bain gwh. Hwv, a
ag-han-ncssay nb f sis nghns
sgy i, incasing is h infan. Anh
nia cnsqnc is a anny wand s.
Sisian univsiy f tchngy sachs hav
ind h s f fini n anaysis dinh ini nb and cain f sis ha a
qid nab bain gwh. thy s cd
gahy (Ct) scans gna a 3-D d f h
infans s wih h s f miics sfwa. this iag-
cssing acag, dvd by maiais NV,
gnas 3-D ds f sacd dica iags. th
sachs hn x h miics d ANSYS
mihysics sfwa f anaysis.
th a dind h
bns aia is by
fing hysica ss
sing s aia ha hadbn vd in vis
ains n an mtS Insigh
10 N s sand.
In h cn cas f an
infan wih ignchay, a
scia y f canisyns-
sis ha invvs fsin f
h ic s in h
fhad, sachs cad 3-D ds f h fhad
bn in fiv vaians and xd h ANSYS
mihysics sfwa. ths vaians incdd inac
bn, fand fhad, fiv sis, six sis
and igh sis. Dcs had visy dind
ha h bn shd dfc 20 accda
bain gwh. using h siain sfwa, anayss
dind h an f ad ha was qid
achiv 20 dfain wih ach vaian. Anaysis f
h sca ss shwd ha igh sis
vidd h bs s ccin cndiins f his
ain. Wih siain, dcs baby wd havfd nncssay addiina sis b s
h was ngh f bain xansin.
th gy f ach s is diffn, s sachs
hav anayzd h ss f 20 infans wih cani-
synssis. In ach cas, hy w ab din h
ini nb f sis ha wd vid h
ndd f bain xansin. th siain ss
hd h sgn a b f h ain;
h cd isf was ch fas, and i was asi n
h infan bcas f h dcd nb f sis.
oains w sccssf n ach f hs ains,
and h chidn a a ding w.th ss nxcdy vad h ian
infnc f ag n ccin ss. By h i a chid is
h nhs d, h s has siffnd h in ha a
sbsaniay ag nb f sis is ndd
accda bain gwh. pfing h ain a an
ay ag dcs bh h nb f sis ndd
and h invasivnss f h ain.
this cas xifis hw bichanica ding
can b sd s sgica cds.n
th iizain f bichanica and fid fw
ding s f sgica anning is gwing inany aas bynd diaic s sgy, incding
hdic ian acn, cba anys
cds and sf iss ais. In ach f hs
siains, siain ss a hing dc
sgy i and vid ia an.
Type of Correction Deflection (mm) Load (N)
Inac fhad bn 20 52
Fand fhad 20 37
Fiv sis 20 15
Six sis 20 10
eigh sis 20 4
Finite element model of
forehead bone
Table of bone deflection after deformation summarizes the
structural results.
Three-D model of skull before correctionStructural analysis results show load required to deflect bone and
deformation of the forehead bone after deflection.
Material properties determined by physical testing
Material Young Modulus
[MPa]
Poisson
Ratio
Peak Load
[N]
Bone of three-month-
old child
380 0,2 45
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Extension [mm]
Lea
d[N]
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Separating the Streamsmihas siain can iv fancf i and gas saain qin.
By David Stanbridge, Managing Director, Swift Technology Group, Norwich, U.K.
Saas a sd hgh
h i and gas indsy si
dcin fids in cnns f
i, gas and wa (as w as cna-inans). on an ffsh faciiy, h
qin is fnd in any as
f h va css. th iniia
saa, say fd as fis-
sag, saas h iniia sa in
disinc gas, i and wa sas.
ths sas a hn individay
cssd. p saain f-
anc can hind va dcin;
in s cass, afs dc
ny 50 cn f dsign caaciy
d saain.
th indsy has sd c-
aina fid dynaics (CFD) xn-
sivy bsh saain
qin fanc wih diffn
hdgis. ms cn is
sggad sing-has siain,
in which gas and iqid hass a
anayzd saay. mihas
v f fids (VoF) siains a
sf in anayzing iqid sshing
bhavi in saas scd
ving afs. this sshing
anaysis is say caid in c-
binain wih a s-dfind fncin
ha adjss gaviy and ais
h inia fcs: Ciis, e
and cnifga. Hisicay, fids
nih n n av h vss.
Benefits of Multiphase Simulation
As nw saain qin
bcs sa and fw asxcd h dsign caaciy f xising
qin, nd ss a qsining
h accacy f bh h sggad
sing-has aach and VoF f
sshing. exndd s f ihas
OiL ANd gAS
Simulation of a vertical cyclone vessel
designed to remove bulk liquid from the feed
stream. Pathlines of primary gas phase show
where the liquid has a concentration of more
than 25 percent.
Swirl element fitted in the cyclone
siain is nw ssib as a s
f nhancns c w
and ANSYS FlueNt caabiiis.
Sfwa ivns hav d
dcd n is; ihas and
bnc ds hav a ga
abi i y hand iay and
scnday hass. th ihas
hd vcs h iiains f
sggad sing-has and VoF
aachs. I as aws f daid
anaysis f inhas inacins,
viding aisic ss. Swiftchngy G has sdid w
ys f saain dvics ha s
h ihas hd. th cany
is a chngy-divn ganizain ha
ffs c nd--nd dc
dvn f h aicaf, ain,
aiv, i and gas, and nwab
ngis indsis.
D saain is fndana gd saain. th s cn
qin f d saain is
vica hizna vsss ha s
gaviy as h diving fc. m-
cac saain qin fn
ss cycns. By sinning h fw,
ying a sandad angnia in,
sing -aba swi ns,
cycns can gna accains
any is ha f gaviy niay
vid fficin saain in a
sa an f sac. Hwv,
any h cnsidains s b
invsigad. tadiinay, cycnic
qin qid xhasiv -
ying and sing ns ha h
any ngaiv cnsqncs w
dsignd f h fina dc a
nghy and csy xcis. In
a cn r&D ga f cycn
dvn, Swif sachs fnd
ha h i f ach dsign chang
cyc was axiay igh ws
a a cs f and 45,000 (axi-
ay $73,000 u.S.) cyc, wih
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OiL ANd gAS
svn changs qid. By sing
CFD, ach chang can b dd in
w ws, qiing ny n acas saving a a f han
300,000 (axiay $485,000
u.S.). N, hwv, ha i is
diffic qanify h xac bnfis
f siain in vy cas.
Simulation of Separation Equipment
th a any xas in
which h ix ihas d
has bn sd anayz saain
wihin cycnic qin. th dis aicab f di--day
dns v ading, f w--
da aica ading, and f
cass in which h Ss nb is
ss han 1. th siifid d can
b sd f hydcycns qi-
n whs ain fncin is sa-
a fina i ds f wa i
dissa a sa. th chn-
siv eian ihas d is
aicab h cx fws ha
a fnd in h s cn ys
f saain qin dsignd
v b hass as w as
-naind ds. uss can
nhanc hi anaysis f cycnic
fws by aying h rynds sss
bnc d wih iiain
f a iay and scnday hass.
on ian a f saa
anaysis is cny vd:
h iac f sa iing. this
sys has a ag ffc n h
disibin f fids wihin h vss.
th siain xas vidd
hizna and vica gaviy-divn
saas as w as
cycn-basd saas
inca h iac f -
sa iing.
I is diffic accay vaida
h siain ss f h insad
vica cycn and saa.
Siain has bn shwn acc-
ay ca bh fw fid and s-
aain fanc in ab and i
s igs. [S fncs.] using
hs ding sagis as w as
xhasiv sing fd v
any yas, a h ciica ascs f
h fw a ccy svd and
indica h y fanc chaac-
isics. As a s, Swif is changing
h inna cnns f any
vsss basd n siain
ss.
th ain fncin f a hizna
h-has saa is si a
fd sa in disc gas, i and
Multiphase simulation within a horizontal three-
phase separator with inlet piping, a vane-type
inlet device and full-diameter perforated
baffles. The lower layer of fluid is water; above
that is the oil phase with the inlet device in the
gas phase of the vessel. The pink area at the
bottom of the vessel shows where sand
entrained in the water phase will initially settle.
wa sas. Nay, gas is h
iay has, and h w iqid
hass a scnday . ths
iqid hass f ds ha a
naind in h gas has, and hy
dc a fi n h i was
ading h saa. th fis
cnn in h saa is h
in dvic, whs iay fncin
is vid a cas saain f
gas and iqid hass. th gas has
cnins ang h f h vss,
whi h iqids d h b
f h saa. A h b f h
vss, h w iqid hass sa-
a, wih h wa a h b and
h i fing a ay bwn h
wa and gas hass.
In s cass, fad baffs
a sd ang h ngh f h hi-
zna vss cn iqid has
fws and disib h vnyacss h avaiab css-scina
aa f h vss, iniizing axia
vciy and axiizing saain.
th eian d is qid in his
The complete length of a typical horizontal separator: The blue layer represents the interface
between gas and oil phases, and the green layer represents the interface between oil and
water. The vertical blue areas represent part diameter perforated baffles. Along the length of
the vessel, four contours show velocity distribution in both oil and water phases.
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Analysis of a vertical production separator
with a vane-type inlet device shows that
the inlet pipe keeps much of the liquid on
one side of the vessel leading to non-
optimal separation.
y f siain bcas f h
nb f fid gi changs.
In a vica dcin saawi h a van- y in dv ic
xa, gas and iqid a in-
dcd a h sa f h i n
h saa vss. th i ing
cass h iqid b biasd n
sid f h vss which ds n
dc ia saain and, in
s cass, can ad h gss
cayv f iqid hgh h vsss
gas .
In cncsin, Swif sachshav fnd ha ANSYS FlueNt sf-
wa can d a high dg
f accacy any cbinains
and ains f saas
avaiab wihin h indsy.n
ReferencesSlack, M.D.; Prasad, R.O.; Bakker, A.; Boysan, F.Advances in Cyclone Modelling Using
Unstructured Grids. Trans. I. Chem. E.,2000, 78(A), pp. 10981104.
Cokljat, D.; Slack, M.; Vasquez, S. Reynolds-Stress Model for Eulerian Multiphase. 4thSymposium on Turbulence, Heat and MassTransfer, 2003, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 8.
Slack, M.D. Best Practice Advice for AC3-03Cyclone Separator, Thematic Network forQuality and Trust in the Industrial Applicationof CFD(qnet-cfd). Thematic area 3, 2003,Barcelona, pp. 5.http//www.qnet-cfd.net
OiL ANd gAS
Helping CAE clients gain insight
IBM High Performance
Computing
For a Smarter Planet
ibm.com/deepcomputing
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PredictingTurbomachineryErosion Ratesesin a dicins h dsigns
iv ngviy f aing qin has a in hash nvinns.
By Edward Bennett, Director of Fluids Engineering, and Artem Ivashchenko,
Project Engineer, Mechanical Solutions, Inc., Whippany, U.S.A.
tbachiny fws ha cnain sid aics sn
an ndsiab y fn inscaab cndiin bcas f
acica aing cnsidains. Ds, sand, fy ash, in
xid, css-iginad aias, and h dbis f
abadab sas bad bbing a xas f h
vaid csiin f hs sid aics. ths aics
can cas sin, dsiin and/ csin and a,
hf, a cn sc f fanc dgadain
and cnn daag. th cnsqncs a csy,
incding h bvis xns f bachiny
cnns ha s b aid acd. Addiina
css incd nais f dcd achin-aing
fficincy and s dciviy, sinc h bachiny
dwn f ainnanc divs h an qin. rcny,
caina hds f sin siain hav
bc avaiab, nabing dsigns dv -
dab bachiny.
mchanica Sins, Inc. (mSI) is a cnsing and
r&D cany ha vids dsign, anaysis and sing
svics f ganizains and h wd. mSI, which has
vn xis in dsign and anaysis f a inds f
aing achiny, has cad sin as in w h-
gas xand dsigns.
FCC Expanders Troubled by Erosion
Fid caayic cacing (FCC) h-gas xands f
a sbs f indsia bachiny ha cnsisny
ssains significan sin daag [1]. thgh h
aicain f wdd caayss in cnjncin wih
vad a, h FCC css cnvs high-
ca-wigh hydcabns in
vaab dcs, incding gasin. th FCC
css is fn ad cninsy in
finis f ids f sva nhs.
Solid model of fluid domains of FCC
hot-gas expander, illustrating blade
characteristics of the machine along
with approximate size
CFD models of redesigned FCC hot-gas expander flowpaths for instances of 40 percent reaction (left) and 68 percent reaction (right)
ANSYS Advanag V V, Iss 2, 2011www.ansys.c 31
TurBOmAChiNEry
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F gas, a bydc f h FCC css, avss a
saa, which vs 90 cn f h caays
aics, hn asss hgh an FCC h-gas xand.A sciaizd y f bachin, an FCC xand
cvs a sizab in f h ss and ha
ngy aining wihin h f gas and ss i div
css qin gna ciciy.
Bynd having vad in as, sing-
sag FCC xands a chaacizd by a ag ss
ai, yicay h n. th bin bads f h FCC
xand a siansy sbjcd sbsania
adynaic and ha ssss ha innsify h sin
daag casd by sida sid caays aics.
Powerful Analytical Techniques Offer SolutionsCaina fid dynaics (CFD) has bn sd
iiz h dsign f bachiny fwahs f any
yas. ANSYS CFX sfwa, f xa, incds h
caabiiy ac sid aics in h fid dain as
w as dic sid aic sin hgh
TurBOmAChiNEry
Color contour plots of predicted rotor erosion rate densities for
40 percent reaction geometry (left) and 68 percent reaction geometry
(right). Red regions indicate locations of highest erosion rates.
Enlarged color contour plots of the rotor erosion rate densities on
blade leading edges of the FCC gas expander are shown for 40 percent
reaction geometry (left), and 68 percent reaction geometry (right).
aicain f hica ds dvd by Widn
tabaff and a a h univsiy f Cincinnai in h
unid Sas [2] [3]. machiny fwah dsigns can
a advanag f hs ds qanify niadaag assag was and bads. Fh, ss
can jdg h fficacy f sd dsign aains wih
sc sin.
Evaluations of FCC Expander Flowpaths to Reduce Erosion
Basd n i hisy daa, a aica d f FCC
h-gas xand was fnd ssain xcssiv sid
aic sin daag. Whi cndcing a annd
gad a in f xands, mSI fd a
caina sin anaysis f his achins fwah
sing ANSYS CFX. th anaysis qanifid h diffnc in
sin as achivd by incasing h dsign acin fh xand sag.
engins a mSI dsignd a nw 40 cn nina
acin fwah and cad i wih anh siia
as nw 68 cn acin dsign, f a dsign
ss ai f 3.5 and sd f 5,070 . each
dsign cnsisd f h adjacn fid dains ha
snd h sa, and diffs. Sinc ach
dain is cycicay syic, ny n bad w
sc f ach dain ndd b dd, hs
dcing sin i. th ds w shd wih
ANSYS tbGid sfwa, dcing a hxahda sh
f axiay 637,000 nds.
th - bnc d accnd f bnc
ffcs, and h sag fa chang d was aid
h infacs bwn sa, and diffs dains.
th sin d cnsids h sid aics siz and
aiv vciy, iingn ang f h aic si,
and aias f bh h aic and h ding sfac.
th cfficins f qaz s w sd sn sid
aics and ding sfacs, and h dfa bnd
chaacisics f h sin d w sd.
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Analytical Results Foretold Improvements
th dicd adynaic fanc f h w
dsigns was qi siia, wih fficincis f 87.2 cn
and 87.9 cn f h 40 cn and 68 cn acin
dsigns, scivy. Hwv, diffncs in h sin
as w dicd. In swiching f h 40 cn
acin h 68 cn acin fwah dsign, h
CFD anaysis dicd a 22 cn dcin f avag
bad sin a dnsiy ang wih a 5 cn
dcin f avag sa bad sin a dnsiy. F
h 40 cn acin dsign, h bads had
65 cn high sin a dnsiy han h sa
bads, b h 68 cn acin dsign had ny a
35 cn high a. this sggsd ha h andsa bad wa wd cc a cnsisn as in
h cas f h 68 cn acin dsign.
th iay sin daag dicd f h 40 cn
acin fwah dsign csy sbd h daag ha
was ssaind by an FCC gas xand f his y aing
in a finy. this indicad ha a gd cainxisd bwn h CFD ds and h aca FCC
xand. th 68 cn acin dsign dicd naby
ivd sin fanc, sciay ang h ading
dgs f h bads. undbdy his is d
diinishd f gas vciy n h ading dgs f h
aing bads, a chaacisic f his dsign.
Whi bh dsigns fa ansnic fw and high
adynaic ading, mach nb s isa
cnsidaby dcd sa ading f h 68 cn
acin dsign. Sain s indica siia fw ans
n h ss sid f ach ( s). Hwv,
siain dics a dcin in h hb scnday fw n
h scin sfac, a fanc ivn ha sd
f h 68 cn acin dsign.
Conclusions
Fid fw anaysis f w FCC gas xand dsigns
dnsad h abiiy dsign bachiny
fw ahs and ai sin chaacisics f ivd
bad ngviy. Whn cad h cs f cing
bad acns, dcd achin fficincy and
s dcin d qin dwni, h cs
f addssing sin wih CFD anaysis is inia.
Sinc h xn f h sin daag casd by sid
aics naind in h iay fwah can b iigad,
h sf aing if f bachins can b xndd
significany.n
References[1] Carbonetto, B.; Hoch, G.Advances in Erosion Prediction of Axial
Expanders. Texas A&M University Turbomachinery Symposium,Houston, Texas, U.S.A., September 1999.
[2] Hamed, A.; Tabakoff, W;. Wenglarz, R. Erosion and Deposition inTurbomachinery. Journal of Propulsion & Power, 2006, vol. 22, no. 2,pp. 350360.
[3] Hamed, A.; Tabakoff, W.; Rivir, R.B.; Das, K.; Arora, P. Turbine BladeSurface Deterioration by Erosion. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2005,vol. 127, pp. 445452.