a y-dna study of 60 related families within a unique jewish cluster
DESCRIPTION
A Y-DNA STUDY OF 60 RELATED FAMILIES WITHIN A UNIQUE JEWISH CLUSTER. HOW DNA FOUND THE GENEALOGICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN SEEMINGLY DISPARATE FAMILIES HERBERT HUEBSCHER, SAUL ISSROFF, MD, ELISE FRIEDMAN & ROBERTO HÜBSCHER. A JEWISH POPULATION CLUSTER DISCOVERED. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Y-DNA STUDY OF 60 RELATED FAMILIES WITHIN A
UNIQUE JEWISH CLUSTER
HOW DNA FOUND THE GENEALOGICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN SEEMINGLY
DISPARATE FAMILIES
HERBERT HUEBSCHER, SAUL ISSROFF, MD,ELISE FRIEDMAN & ROBERTO HÜBSCHER
A JEWISH POPULATION CLUSTER DISCOVERED
• SEEMINGLY DISPARATE FAMILIES CONNECTED BY Y-DNA
• A JEWISH COMMON PATERNAL ANCESTOR SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS AGO
• HOW THE PROJECT CAME TO PASS
• WHAT WE HAVE FOUND OUT
• WHERE WE GO FROM HERE
HOW IT ALL STARTED
• A CONVENTIONAL DNA BASED SURNAME PROJECT
• EXACT MATCH WITH ONLY ONE PERSON IN FTDNA DATABASE
• DISCOVERY OF SHARED ANOMALIES
• A FEW OTHER FAMILIES WITH THE SAME ANOMALIES
• A NAME: THE “WIRTH” GROUP
Y-DNA BASICS • BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS - NUCLEOTIDES:
– ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE , CYTOSINE– A, G, T,C
• REPEAT IN PATTERNS OF FOUR, E.G.:– AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC– (8 REPEATS)
• CALLED “SHORT TANDEM REPEATS – STR”• EACH MARKER, OR LOCUS CONTAINS A NUMBER
OF REPEATS (FROM A FEW TO 30+)• NUMBER OF REPEATS IS THE VALUE AT EACH
LOCUS – E.G. 8
EXAMPLE OF MARKERS,VALUES, STR’s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC.
X 23
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC,
X 14
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTC
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC,
X 14
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC,
X 15
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTC
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC,
X 15
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC
ETC,
X 14
AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTCAGTC AGTCAGTCAGTC
HERB’S 12-MARKER Y-DNAHERB’S 12-MARKER Y-DNA
• EACH VALUE REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF STR’s AT EACH MARKER/LOCUS FOR EACH PERSON
• VALUE 23 AT MARKER 2 IS A MUTATION
NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
HERB 12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 31
HERB’S 25-MARKER DNA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 31
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
15 9 9 11 11 25 15 20 29 13 13.1 15 16 1616 1616
NOTE THAT MARKER 23 VALUE = 13.1 AND
TWO EXTRA 16 VALUES AFTER MARKER 25
HERB & SAUL’S ANOMALIES
• TWO ANOMALIES:• MARKER 23 VALUE NOT 13 , BUT 13.1 • EXTRA 26TH AND 27TH MARKERS, COPIES OF 25TH,
VALUE 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 31
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
15 9 9 11 11 25 15 20 29 13 13.1 15 16 1616 1616
WIRTH GROUP ANOMALIES
• TWO ANOMALIES:• MARKER 23 VALUE NOT 13, BUT 13.1 • EXTRA 26TH AND 27TH MARKERS, COPIES OF 25TH,
VALUE 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 31
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
15 9 9 11 11 25 15 20 29 13 13.1 15 16 1616 1616
FIVE WIRTH FAMILIES WOLINSKY ISSROFF ROSSOFF TENENBAUM HUBSCHER
WOLINSKY ISSROFF ROSSOFF TENENBAUM HUBSCHER
FARKAS FINK GLAZER R. HERMAN SCHERERMOKOTOFF PALEVSKY ROSA RICKMAN RUSSLER SACHAR SINGER F. SPERTUS P. SPERTUS
GREENSPANBERGER CAPLAN FRIEDMAN NATHAN TOBINA. LOURIE L. LOURIE SINAI KAPLAN YORKSPERLEN TUERK DRUCKER MANN
SCHWARTZKRASNOF WEINGROD NITZ DAITCH FURMANSKYLEVY FEINBERG BERLANT WATERMAN SWANEYLUCK FLEISCHMAN WEISS SALOWE ISSEROWRUBIN POLACK HOLLANDER MILLER A. HERMANISSEROW GUSSOW LEVINE KANTOR KAISERROSARIOS METZENBERG
62 WIRTH FAMILIES WOLINSKY ISSROFF ROSSOFF TENENBAUM HUBSCHER
WOLINSKY ISSROFF ROSSOFF TENENBAUM HUBSCHER
FARKAS FINK GLAZER R. HERMAN SCHERERMOKOTOFF PALEVSKY ROSA RICKMAN RUSSLER SACHAR SINGER F. SPERTUS P. SPERTUS
GREENSPANBERGER CAPLAN FRIEDMAN NATHAN TOBINA. LOURIE L. LOURIE SINAI KAPLAN YORKSPERLEN TUERK DRUCKER MANN SCHWARTZKRASNOF WEINGROD NITZ DAITCH FURMANSKYLEVY FEINBERG BERLANT WATERMAN SWANEYLUCK FLEISCHMAN WEISS SALOWE ISSEROWRUBIN POLACK HOLLANDER MILLER A. HERMANISSEROW GUSSOW LEVINE KANTOR KAISERROSARIOS METZENBERG
A GENEALOGICAL PUZZLE
• DIFFERENT SURNAMES
• DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS
• NO KNOWN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 62 FAMILIES
• 51 PRESENTLY JEWISH – 11 NOT
• EIGHT KNEW OF JEWISH ANCESTRY
• ONE CASE A REAL SURPRISE: ROSA FAMILY FROM PUERTO RICO
LOOKING FOR ANSWERS TO THE PUZZLE
• WHEN DID THE COMMON ANCESTOR LIVE?
• WHERE?• ASHKENAZI OR SEPHARDI?• LEVITE OR ISRAELITE?• HOW ARE THE FAMILIES WITHIN THE
GROUP RELATED TO EACH OTHER?• HOW MANY OF US ARE THERE IN THE
WORLD?
SOME PUZZLE ANSWERS – OUR PRESENTATION TODAY
• HOW THE PROJECT STARTED• DNA ANOMALIES• THE WIRTH GROUP• DNA TESTS, RESULTS, MOST RECENT
COMMON ANCESTOR (MRCA) • EARLIEST KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS• DNA/GEOGRAPHICAL CORRELATIONS
WITHIN THE GROUP• PHYLOGENETIC TREE• WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE MRCA, THE
GROUP, AND THE CLUSTER• WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
DNA TESTS & RESULTS
• ALL TESTING BY FAMILY TREE DNA
• Y-DNA TESTS OF 81 PERSONS MAKING UP THE 62 FAMILIES
• 67-MARKER RESULTS FOR 61 FAMILIES (ONE IN PROCESS)
• HOW WELL DO THE 61 FAMILIES MATCH?
•Let’s Look at the 67-Marker Results….
61 FAMILIES – 67 MARKERS
Red = Weird/unusual mutation Yellow = One step up mutation (increase in value) Orange = Two step up mutation
Aqua = One step down mutation (decrease in value) Dark Blue = Two step down mutation
WIRTH MODAL HAPLOTYPE MARKERS 1 THROUGH 67
12 22 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 31
15 9 9 11 11 26 15 20 29 13 13.1 15
16 16 16 ↔ 10 10 19 22 15 12 15 17
34 36 12 9 ↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 11 9 0 17 17 15 10 12 12 15 8
11 22 21 13 12 11 13 11 12 12 11
Red = Weird/unusual mutation Yellow = One step up mutation (increase in value) Orange = Two step up mutation
Aqua = One step down mutation (decrease in value) Dark Blue = Two step down mutation
61 FAMILIES MUTATIONS ONLY
DEGREE OF MATCHING – 61 FAMILIES AT 67
MARKERS• REFERENCE: WIRTH MODAL HAPLOTYPE• COMPARE EACH FAMILY’S MODAL
HAPLOTYPE WITH WIRTH MODAL• GENETIC DISTANCE (GD) IS THE NO. OF
MUTATIONS AWAY FROM WIRTH MODAL• CONSTRUCT TABLE: NO. OF FAMILIES AT
EACH VALUE OF GD
•Let’s Look at the Table….
DEGREE OF MATCHING61 FAMILIES AT 67
MARKERSGD DEGREE OF
MATCHNO. OF FAML’S
0 67/67 5
1 66/67 9
2 65/67 16
3 64/67 11
4 63/67 10
5 62/67 7
6 61/67 3
WHEN DID THE ANCESTOR LIVE?
• ESTIMATES ARE POSSIBLE, BASED ON Y-DNA MUTATION RATE DATA
• USED TWO INDEPENDENT MODELS TO ESTIMATE TIME BACK TO COMMON ANCESTOR (TMRCA):
– FTDNA TiP (TIME PREDICTOR)
– BEST FIT TO DISTRIBUTION OF GDs: (5, 9, 16, 11, 10, 7, 3)
FTDNA TiP • USING FTDNA TiP, COMPARED 57 FAMILY
MODAL HAPLOTYPES WITH WIRTH MODAL HAPLOTYPE
• EXAMINED 52 PAIRINGS• THREE ASSUMPTIONS:
– MRCA LIVED BEFORE 1700 CE– AVERAGE SEPARATION BETWEEN
GENERATIONS = 30 YEARS– DNA TESTED GENERATION DOB = 1940
• CALCULATED AVERAGE OF ALL RESULTS
52 COMPARISONS – RESULTS
• 50% PROBAB’Y WITHIN 321 YEARS• 75% PROBAB’Y WITHIN 384 YEARS • 95% PROBAB’Y WITHIN 510 YEARS
PROBABLITY MRCA LIFE DATES
50% BETWEEN 1620 AND 1700 CE
75% BETWEEN 1555 AND 1700 CE
95% BETWEEN 1430 AND 1700 CE
BEST FIT TO GD DISTRIBUTION
• ACTUAL GD DIST’N: 5,9,16,11,10,7,3
• AVG MUTATION RATE (PROBAB’Y) PER MARKER PER GENERATIONAL STEP = 0.0031 = 0.31% (Kerchner Data)
• BEST FIT OF ACTUAL GD DIST’N TO EXPECTED BINOMIAL SERIES
• USED AUTOMATIC TMRCA CALCULATOR (Whit Athey Model)
•Let’s Look at the Result....
TMRCA CALCULATOR RESULT (BASED ON BEST DIST’N FIT)
• MOST LIKELY TMRCA = 13.7 GENERATIONS
• MOST LIKELY LIFE DATE OF MRCA = ca. 1529 CE (FOR 61 FAMILIES)
• CONSISTENT WITH TiP RESULTS:
PROBABLITY MRCA LIFE DATES
50% BETWEEN 1620 AND 1700 CE
75% BETWEEN 1555 AND 1700 CE
95% BETWEEN 1430 AND 1700 CE
TMRCA CALCULATOR RESULT (BASED ON BEST DIST’N FIT)
• MOST LIKELY TMRCA = 13.4 GENERATIONS
• MOST LIKELY LIFE DATE OF MRCA = ca. 1538 CE (FOR 62 FAMILIES)
• CONSISTENT WITH TiP RESULTS:
PROBABLITY MRCA LIFE DATES
50% BETWEEN 1620 AND 1700 CE
75% BETWEEN 1555 AND 1700 CE
95% BETWEEN 1430 AND 1700 CE
WIRTH GROUP EARLIEST KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS
• UKRAINE: 18 • LITHUANIA:
10 • BELARUS:
8• POLAND: 7• MOLDOVA:
2• ROMANIA:2
• GERMANY: 1• CZECH REP: 1• HUNGARY: 1• PUERT RICO: 1• UNK/OTHER: 8
ORIGINS OF WIRTH FAMILIES
ROSA FAMILY ORIGIN ON PUERTO RICO
Santo Domingo
ROSA FAMILY ORIGINON P. R. – CLOSE UP
ORIGINS IN EUROPE AND PALE
Match Level
ASHKENAZI OR SEPHARDI?• EVIDENCE IN BOTH DIRECTIONS• ESTIMATED LIFE DATE OF MRCA
CONSISTENT WITH EITHER• FOR ASHKENAZIC CASE:
– EARLIEST KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS PREDOMINANTLY IN PALE OF SETTLEMENT
– MOST FAMILIES HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF EARLIER ROOTS – ASHKENAZI OR SEPHARDIC
• FOR SEPHARDIC CASE:– ROSA FAMILY FROM PUERTO RICO– FOUR OTHER FAMILIES’ DEFINITVE ORAL
HISTORIES TELL OF SEPHARDIC ORIGINS
ROSA AND FOUR OTHER FAMILIES
• ROSA FAMILY EARLIEST KNOWN ORIGIN: SATURNINO ROSA B. 1869 IN AGUADA, P.R.
• UNTIL LATE 1800’s, VIRTUALLY NO DECLARED JEWS IN P.R.
• ANY PERSON WITH “JEWISH BLOOD” (OUR Y-DNA) MOST LIKELY A CONVERSO
• HIGHLY SUGGESTIVE OF SEPHARDIC ROOTS FOR ROSA FAMILY
• FOUR OTHER WIRTH FAMILIES WITH CREDIBLE ORAL HISTORIES OF SEPHARDIC ROOTS
ASHKENAZI OR SEPHARDI?
• THE JURY STILL IS OUT• LEANING TOWARDS SEPHARDIC ORIGIN• BASIS FOR SEPHARDIC HYPOTHESIS:
– COMPELLING EVIDENCE OF ROSA CASE– FOUR OTHER FAMILIES’ ORAL HISTORIES
• TEST SEPHARDIC HYPOTHESIS BY RESEARCHING ROSA ANCESTRAL TRAIL BACK IN TIME
NEXT QUESTION: LEVITE OR ISRAELITE?
• 8 FAMILIES KNOW OF THEIR LEVITE STATUS
• OTHERS HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF LEVITE STATUS
• LEVITE STATUS FOLLOWS EXACTLY SAME PATH AS Y-DNA: FATHER TO SON TO SON…
• IF ONE FAMILY IS LEVITE, WE ALL SHOULD BE LEVITES!
• How Can This Be Explained??
POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS• SHORTAGE OF LEVITES CAUSED SOME TO
BE “APPOINTED” • SOME FALSELY CLAIMED TO BE LEVITES• LEVITE STATUS FORGOTTEN OR FADED
AWAY OVER GENERATIONS IN MAJORITY OF CASES
• HÜBSCHER FAMILY ONE CASE IN POINT: STATUS FORGOTTEN, THEN REMEMBERED
• A Quick Look at Some Evidence…
MARRIAGE CONTRACT
SAM’S MARRIAGE CONTRACT
SHULEM BAR MORDECHAI HALEVI
TWO RECENTLY DISCOVERED LEVITES
LEVITE EXPLANATIONS – CONCLUDED
• SHORTAGE OF LEVITES CAUSED SOME TO BE “APPOINTED”
• SOME FALSELY CLAIMED TO BE LEVITES• LEVITE STATUS FORGOTTEN OR FADED
AWAY OVER GENERATIONS IN MAJORITY OF CASES
• HÜBSCHER FAMILY CASE IN POINT: STATUS FORGOTTEN, THEN REMEMBERED
• GUSSOW FAMILY ANOTHER EXAMPLE• MRCA WAS A LEVITE
• Next: DNA and Geographic Correlation
DNA AND GEOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS
• TUERK AND PERLEN FAMILIES– SERNIK & LAHYSHIN NEAR PINSK, BELARUS
• LEVY, WATERMAN, AND MILLER– WARSAW AND A LEVITE STORY
• HÜBSCHER AND FARKAS– GALICIA AND NEARBY ROMANIA
• ISSROFF AND ISSEROW– LITHUANIA
• LITVAKS AND GALITZIANERS
USE WIRTH MODAL HAPLOTYPE AS REFERENCE12 22 14 10 14 15 11 15
12 14 11 31 15 9 9 11
11 26 15 20 29 13 13.1 15
16 16 16 ↔ 10 10 19 22
15 12 15 17 34 36 12 9
↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 11 9 0 17 17 15 10
12 12 15 8 11 22 21 13
12 11 13 11 12 12 11
• MODAL VALUES IN BLACK
• ON FOLLOWING SLIDES, VALUES OFF MODAL SHARED BY FAMILIES SHOWN IN RED
TUERK & PERLEN FAMILIES: MATCHING DNA AND ORIGINS
12 22 14 10 14 15 11 15
12 14 11 31 15 9 9 11
11 26 15 20 29 13 13.1 16
16 16 16 ↔ 10 10 19 22
15 12 15 17 34 36 12 9
↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 11 9 0 17 17 14 10
12 12 15 8 11 22 21 14
12 11 13 11 12 12 11
PERLEN
TUERK
LEVY, WATERMAN, MILLER
12 22 14 10 14 16 11 15
12 14 11 31 15 9 9 11
11 25 15 20 29 13 13.1 16
16 0 0 ↔ 10 10 19 22
15 12 15 17 34 35 12 9
↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 11 9 0 17 17 15 10
12 12 15 8 11 22 21 13
12 11 13 11 11 12 11
• ALL ORIGINS WARSAW• ALL SHARE VALUE 25 AT
MARKER #18• ALL SHARE “POST-WIRTH
ANOMALY”: 16, 0, 0, 35• WATERMAN 16 AT
MARKER #6• MILLER 11 AT MARKER
#65• LEVY AND WATERMAN
KNOW OF LEVITE ANCESTRY
HÜBSCHER AND FARKAS
12 22 14 10 14 15 11 15
12 14 11 31 15 9 9 11
11 25 15 20 29 13 13.1 15
16 16 16 ↔ 10 10 19 22
15 12 15 17 34 36 12 9
↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 11 9 0 17 17 15 10
12 12 15 8 11 22 21 13
12 11 13 11 12 12 11
FARKAS
HÜBSCHER
Match Level
Baia Mare
ISSROFF AND ISSEROW
12 23 14 10 14 15 11 15
12 14 11 31 15 9 9 11
11 26 15 20 29 13 13.1 15
16 16 16 ↔ 10 10 19 22
15 12 15 17 34 36 12 9
↔ 10 7 15 15 8 11 10
8 12 S
9 0 17 17 15 10
12 12 15 8 11 22 20 13
12 11 13 11 12 12 11
ISSROFF
ISSEROW
Match Level
Zeimelis
o
Linkuva
Ziemelis
LITVAKS AND GALITZIANERS
• DIFFERENCES?• DNA DEBUNKS THE
LITVAK/GALITZIANER DIVIDE
• THE TWO FOUNDERS OF THE WIRTH GROUP ARE ONE GALITZIANER AND ONE LITVAK
• MRCA WAS NEITHER A LITVAK NOR A GALITZIANER – DNA JOINS US ALL!
• Next: Phylogenetic Tree
Match Level
PHYLOGENETIC TREE• Family tree developed from Y-DNA results• Visualize relationships between the WIRTH
families, in lieu of paper trail• 67-marker phylogenetic tree• Correlation between genetic proximity and
geographic proximity• Software:
– Y-Utility:http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode
– Network by Fluxus Engineering:http://www.fluxus-engineering.com/
PHYLOGENETIC TREE67 MARKERS - 2007
Modal plus 2 families. 2 families.
1 family.
MODAL+5 FAMILIES:
Tenenbaum, Berger,
Sinai, Feinberg, Weiss
3 FAMILIES:
Krasnof, Scherer, Yorks
2 FAMILIES:
Hübscher + Farkas
Perlen + Tuerk
Rubin + Rossoff
1 FAMILY
PHYLOGENETIC TREE67 MARKERS - 2008
THE WIRTH GROUP WITHIN A UNIQUE JEWISH CLUSTER
• FAMILIES WITH CLOSELY MATCHING Y-DNA 67-MARKER HAPLOTYPES
• SHARED UNUSUAL DNA ANOMALIES– 1/10,000 CHANCE OF RANDOM EVENT
• COMMON PATERNAL ANCESTOR– RELATIVELY RECENT JEWISH MRCA
• GROUP HAS GROWN FROM 5 TO CURRENTLY 62 FAMILIES
• HOW BIG IS THE OVERALL CLUSTER?
HOW MANY WIRTH ON EARTH?
• HOW MANY MEN?• HOW MANY FAMILIES? • ORDER OF MAGNITUDE ESTIMATES:• WIRTH GROUP IS ROUGHLY 1% OF
JEWISH MEN IN FTDNA DATABASE• CA. 6.5 MILLION JEWISH MEN ON
EARTH, THEREFORE ROUGHLY 65,000 WIRTH MEN ON EARTH
• PERHAPS 3,000 FAMILIES
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE MRCA AND THE CLUSTER
• MRCA WAS A FRUITFUL/PROLIFIC PROGENITOR
• A GENGHIS KHAN?• A GENGHIS KOHEN?• A GENGHIS LEVI !! • WIRTH GROUP REPRESENTS ONE OF
THE FIVE LARGEST JEWISH POPULATION CLUSTERS CONFIRMED (TO DATE) BY Y-DNA
CLUSTER DEEP ANCESTRY• WHAT ABOUT THE CLUSTER’S DEEP
ANCESTRY – THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO?• CLUES LIE IN THE NON-REPEATING PART
OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME: SNPs• EXAMPLE SNP:
…GCCGATCTGTGATACTGGCG… becomes:…GCCGATGTGTGATACTGGCG…
• SNPs ARE MUTATIONS THAT OCCUR VERY RARELY (THOUSANDS OF YEARS APART, AND ONLY ONCE AT ONE LOCATION)
DEEP ANCESTRY: SOME ANSWERS
• SNPs DEFINE HAPLOGROUPS AND ALSO SUB-HAPLOGROUPS (“CLADES”):
• WIRTH GROUP IN HAPLOGROUP J2 AND IN CLADE J2a4b1 (FORMERLY CALLED J2a2a)
• J2 ORIGIN IN MID-EAST FERTILE CRESCENT CA. 20,000 YRS AGO
• J2a4b1 FIRST APPEARED IN NORTHWEST TURKEY SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS AGO
• BEST ESTIMATE: 2,300 TO 2,900 YRS AGO• 5%-95% ESTIMATE: 1,650 TO 4,200 YRS AGO
J2 (M172) HAPLOGROUP ORIGIN (O. Semino et al. 2004)
J2a4b1 (M92) CLADE ORIGIN(O. Semino et al. 2004)
WIRTH AND J2a4b1 CLADE• ARE THE WIRTH CLUSTER AND THE
J2a4b1 CLADE SYNONYMOUS? – NO! WIRTH AND NON-WIRTH J2a4b1
MODAL HAPLOTYPES ARE VERY DIFFERENT
– GD = 20 AT 67 MARKERS
• WIRTH IS A SEPARATE, UNIQUE, HOMOGENEOUS CLUSTER WITHIN J2a4b1
• WIRTH IS 400-500 YEARS OLD – J2a4b1 IS 2,000-3,000 YEARS OLD
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?• WHAT IS OUR ORIGIN? WHO WAS OUR
MRCA?• BIGGEST OPEN QUESTION: WAS THE MRCA
SEPHARDIC OR ASHKENAZIC?• HOW CAN WE FIND OUT?• ONE OPTION: PERHAPS A FAMILY WILL
COME ALONG WITH A PERFECT PAPER TRAIL BACK TO THE MIDDLE AGES, AND MUCH OF OUR PUZZLE WILL BE SOLVED…..
• ANOTHER OPTION: RESEARCH ANCESTRAL TRAIL(S) BACK TO TIME OF MRCA
• HOPE FOR OPTION (1), PURSUE OPTION (2)
THE TRAIL BACK TO THE MRCA• ROSA FAMILY IN PUERTO RICO IS KEY• PLAN TO RESEARCH ROSA ANCESTRAL TRAIL BACK
TO TIME OF MRCA• RESEARCH STEPS/TASKS:
– Y-DNA TESTING OF OTHER ROSA FAMILIES IN PUERTO RICO– IDENTIFY OTHER ROSA FAMILIES WHO MATCH WIRTH DNA– TRACE ANCESTRIES OF MATCHING ONES BACK IN TIME– RESEARCH ARCHIVES IN SPAIN FOR DUPLICATE VITAL
RECORDS AND ANCESTRAL TRAIL BACK IN TIME
• OBJECTIVES:– IDENTIFY EARLIEST ANCESTOR, HOPEFULLY OUR WIRTH
MRCA– FIND OUT ALL WE CAN ABOUT OUR ORIGINS
CONCLUSION• FROM 5 FAMILIES WITH UNUSUAL DNA, TO A
GROUP OF 62, TO A CLUSTER• WHAT WE KNOW:
– Y-DNA OF OUR MRCA – THE WIRTH MODAL DNA– APPROX. LIFE DATE OF MRCA AND LEVITE STATUS– THROUGH DNA, FOUND A UNIQUE JEWISH POPULATION
CLUSTER, WITHIN CLADE J2a4b1 OF HAPLOGROUP J2 – CLUSTER SIZE NOW: IN THE ORDER OF 60,000 MALES,
PERHAPS 3,000 FAMILIES
• PLAN TO RESEARCH ANCESTRAL TRAIL BACK TO MRCA, TEST SEPHARDIC ORIGIN HYPOTHESIS, HOPEFULLY IDENTIFY MRCA
• DNA AND JEWISH GENEALOGY GO TOGETHER….☺