A War to End All Wars?

-Some people (like H.G. Wells) believed that “the Great War” would be the last war

“We must make the world safe for

democracy.”

Fourteen Points

I.II.III.IV.V.VI.VII.VIII.IX.X.XI.XII.XIII.XIV.

AMERICAN PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

What is this woman doing?

Open your textbook topage 474: -Read ‘The Treaty of Versailles’; end at checkpoint & skip to…page 551: -Read ‘Runaway Inflation’ paragraph only, then the caption on picture in right margin

Take right-side notes as you read; below them, answer: 1) What she is really doing 2) A technical explanation of why

“We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it….We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world…instead of a place of mastery.”

AMERICAN PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

“We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it….We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world…instead of a place of mastery.” “The war…was the greatest crime against humanity and the freedom of peoples that any nation, calling itself civilised, has ever consciously committed. Justice, therefore, is the only possible basis for the settlement of the accounts of this terrible war.”

FRENCH PRESIDENT GEORGES CLEMENCEAU

“The war…was the greatest crime against humanity and the freedom of peoples that any nation, calling itself civilised, has ever consciously committed. Justice, therefore, is the only possible basis for the settlement of the accounts of this terrible war.”

FRENCH PRESIDENT GEORGES CLEMENCEAU

* 8000 sq. miles of farmland laid to waste* 1.5 million head of livestock killed* 300,000 houses destroyed* 6000 factories destroyed

The Guilt Clause

“Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”

The Guilt Clause“Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies….”

…you therefore owe the Allies: $30 billion(about $2.75 trillion in today’s dollars)

Germany – lost territory

Land given to the new nation of Poland

Land given to Denmark

Land given to the new nation of Czechoslovakia

Alsace-Lorraine(taken in 1871 war)returned to France

1923 – Germany defaults/ France moves into the industrial Ruhr Valley

Rhineland:occupied byFrance for 7 years

Land given to the new nation of Poland

Land given to Denmark

Land given to the new nation of Czechoslovakia

Alsace-Lorraine(taken in 1871 war)returned to France

What is this woman doing?

She is burning money in her heating stove because it is less valuable than wood

(at 4.2 trillion German marks to the dollar)

The USA continues to supply the Europeans as they rebuild, but as Germany begins to default on their debt, a vicious cycle begins to spiral downward…

Germans start todefault on debtto AlliesEuropean Allies

can’t afford moreAmerican goods

Allies start todefault on debtto USAAmericans have

over-production,stop investing inGermany…

Germans default more and moreon debt to Allies…

1.

2.3.

4.

5.

6. –see #1

Continue reading the rest of pages 475-76, taking more right-side notes

vocab help Hapsburg – This was the name of the last Austrian empire dynasty

self-determination – a country being able to determine their own government

Then try to fill in the ‘What actually got into the treaty’ side of your left-side chart

Miltarism

- Severe restrictions imposed on Germany

Miltarism

- Severe restrictions imposed on Germany

- Others left to expand at will…

Alliances – The League of Nations

Dark blue = Member NationsLight blue = Colonies of the Member NationsOrange = “Mandates” of the Member Nations

Imperialism – German colonies > mandates

SW & East Africago to Britain

Pacific colonies go to Japan & Britain

German sphere of influence in China taken by Japan

Cameroon, Togolanddivided betweenBritain & France

Nationalism – Arab parts of Ottoman Empire

Arabic areas of Ottoman Empiredivided betweenBritain and France

Arabic areas of Ottoman Empiredivided betweenBritain and France

Includes: Syria, Lebanon (French) Palestine, Jordan, Iraq (British)

Nationalism – Yugoslavia - New country formed from:• Serbia (dark + pink)• Montenegro

and from Austria:• Bosnia-Hercegovina• Croatia• Slovenia

Nationalism – Yugoslavia - New country formed from:• Serbia (dark + pink)• Montenegro

and from Austria:• Bosnia-Hercegovina• Croatia• Slovenia

TODAY the former Yugoslavia is 7 countries:• Serbia (includes Vol.)• Kosovo• Macedonia• Montenegro• Bosnia & Herzegovina• Croatia• Slovenia

Some people who were disappointed:

Some people who were disappointed:

• On May 4, 1919, there were student-leddemonstrations in Beijing, protesting the treaty

• One of them grew up to be the guyin the picture at left

• From this point on, China would turnaway from Britain/France/US and toward communist Russia; the dateis still celebrated each year by theChinese Communist Party

Some people who were disappointed:

• This man had gone to Paris to appealpersonally to Woodrow Wilson, whosewords had inspired him

• 35 years later, he would become the leader of the Vietnamese Communists

Some people who were disappointed:

• In Syria and Iraq, continued imperialism left strong internal divisions in its wake, as a privileged few who worked closely with the French and British became wealthy and inherited the government after they left –as dictators