A

TRAINING REPORT

ON

‘All India Radio Broadcasting’ Taken at

“ALL INDIA RADIO”SWM

Session: 2011-12- Hitesh Sharma

(EC08045)

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• AIR Established in 1936.

• The word Akashavani was coined by Professor Dr. M.V. Gopalaswamy for his radio station in Mysore during 1936.

• AIR is the radio broadcaster of India, an autonomous corporation of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.

• The headquarters is at the Akashwani Bhavan, New Delhi.

PRASAR BHARTI(Broadcasting Corporation of

India)

Akashwani Doordarshan

WHAT IS ‘AIR’???

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SERVICES• AIR has many different services for different regions/languages across India.

• One of the most famous services of the AIR is the ‘Vividh Bharati Seva’ which celebrated its Golden Jubilee on 3 October 2007.

• The Vividh Bharti service operates on different MW band frequencies for each city.

• Operating frequency of Vividh Bharati jaipur is 100.3• EXTERNAL SERVICES:- The External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts in

27 languages to countries outside of India.

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STUDIO ACOUSTIC• “Acoustics” is the science of sound.

• STUDIO ACOUSTIC must preserve the original quality of sound produced by the artists inside the studio.

ACOUSTIC TREATMENT

Propagation of Sound Waves

• i). Porous Materials• ii). Fibrous Materials• iii). Panel Absorbers

Acoustic Absorbers

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SOUND INSULATION

Acceptable backgroun

d Noise Level Source of Noise

and Sound Insulation

Noise originated from

outside the building

Noise from inside the

studio

Control of air-conditioning and diesel generator

Sound insulation from footfall, dragging of

furniture etc.

Sound Insulation from adjacent room/corridor

noise

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STUDIO CHAIN IN AIR

STUDIO•BROADCAST STUDIO•OPERATIONAL REQUIERMENTS

CONTROL ROOM•MIXING•SWATCHING CHANNELS

ANOUNCER CONSOL•TRANSMISSION BOOTH•TECHNICAL FACALITIES

RECORDING & DUBBING ROOM•ON-AIR (RED BULB)•CONSOL TAPE & RECORDER

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BLOCK SCHEMATIC OF BROADCASTING CHAIN

Gramophone TAPE RECORDER

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DIGITAL MODULATION• Digital communication system falls into 3 categories:-

Bandwidth efficiency

Cost efficiency

Power efficiency

• Modulation of digital signal comes at the end of the transmission chain.

• The basic digital modulation techniques of ASK, FSK, PSK & QPSK .

• A kit of DM:-

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MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDING, EDITING AND PLAYBACK

• RECORDING PRINCIPLE:- The magnetic tape gets magnetized when it comes in contact with a recording head with audio frequency signal currents flowing through the head windings, and as it passes on forward, retains the magnetism induced.

• If the tape is moved across the head at a constant speed = V cm/sec

The signal current is of frequency = f Hz

Tape length = V/f

•Recorded wavelength:- λ= v/f

•Some important mechanical and magnetic properties :-

Tensile Strength Layer to layer Adhesion

Elastic Elongation Coating Thickness

Smoothness of Coating

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• Basics of Satellite

Communications:-

• Types of orbits:

Low earth orbit(450km-1000km)

Medium earth orbit(1500 km)

Geo stationary orbit(36000 km)

INTRODUCTION TO CAPTIVE EARTH STATION (CES)

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• The two satellite links are the uplink and the downlink.

• The satellite itself has five major components:-

The transponder

The on-board power supply

The attitude control apparatus

Telemetry equipment

Station-keeping apparatus

• The frequencies currently available for communications satellites:-

C frequency band

Ku/K frequency band

Ka frequency band

X frequency band

• (The government and military telecommunications satellites, exclusively use the X frequency band.)

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

FREQUENCY BANDS SATELLITE DESIGN

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NETWORKS• RADIO NETWORK:- (Audio program distribution for Recording OR Local transmission )

• CES NETWORK:- (Captive Earth Stations (CES) uplinks radio programs.)

(Uses INSAT series of satellite)

UPCONVERTER ENCODER

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SPECIFICATIONS

Frequency range :- 1427- 1660 MHz

I/P and O/P audio level :- 0dbm

Power output :- 3 Watt

Output impedance :- 50 Ohm

Antenna :- Parabolic reflector dish type

Intermediate Frequency:- 35 MHz at receiver

Total harmonic distortion <1%

FM modulation

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CONCLUSION

• I studied about the overall procedure and objective of the Broadcasting process.

• I visited the various sections like server and networking room, lines room, control booth,

captive earth station etc.

• I learnt Transmitters and Amplifiers use in the AIR.

• I learnt about the Studio Centre and the various rooms present in the centre.

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RECRUITMENTSa) Qualification:- Essential: Three years Diploma in

Radio/Telecommunication/Electrical/Electronics/Information Technology/Electrical Communication Engineering recognised by Government of India . OR Degree with Physics as one of the subjects from a recognised University .OR Degree in Engineering in the relevant field (as mentioned above for Diploma) from a recognised University OR Diploma in Sound recording and Sound Engineering awarded by Film and Television Institute of India, Pune.

b) The recruitment will be made on the basis of a written test.

c) Scale of Pay:- Rs.9300--Rs.34800/-(plus Grade Pay 4200/-). Plus usual allowances as admissible.

d) Posted @;- Engineering Assistants for Radio Stations/Doordarshan.

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REFERENCES• http://www.allindiaradio.org/address/sawaimadhopur.html

• www.complextoreal.com/chapters/mod1.pdf

 

• telecom.tbi.net/mod1.html

• www.odyseus.nildram.co.uk/Systems_And_Devices.../Sat_Comms.pdf

QUERIES

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