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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE BY PRE TEST AMONG FEMALE ADULTS REGARDING INDUCED ABORTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES AMONG FEMALE ADULTS WORKING IN GARMENT FACTORIES

AT TUMKUR, KARNATAKA Ms. Hemlata B* | Dr. Bimla Rani**

*Ph.D. Scholar, Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India. **Research Guide Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/trr.2020.v06i02.012 ABSTRACT

Abortion is induced and even deliberate pregnancy termination before fetal viability is called abortion induction. It

may or may not be lawful. Unlawful abortion is dangerous. Induced abortion is a worldwide social problem not

confirmed either to developed or to developing nations. The adverse consequence of induced are not only affect the

individual women, but society as a whole. The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental one

group pre-test and post-test design. In the present study a pre-test was administered by means of self-administered

knowledge questionnaire. Selected 500 female adults working at MAP garment factory here study of population

will be considered female adults aged 18 to 45. There was high statistical significant association observed in all the

variables except religion and place of residence. (P<0.001).

Keyword: Level of knowledge attitude practice, Female adults, garment factories.

ABOUT AUTHORS:

Author Ms. Hemlata B is a Research Scholar at Himalayan University in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India. She has attended National and International conferences.

Author Dr. Bimla Rani is a Research Supervisor at Himalayan University in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India. She has presented papers in various conferences and also has many publications to her name.

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INTRODUCTION “Abortion may bury our children but not their memory”

Shadia Hirchi Abortion is a killing method of a baby in many countries before his or her birth and entrance into the world, but it is a tragedy that an innocent baby is murdered without fault, without mistake and the innocent soul dies prior to birth. It's a social crime and welfare fraud. The medical process of ending a pregnancy, that results in a baby not being born is called as Abortion or 'end of pregnancy' or termination. Abortion is induced and even deliberate pregnancy termination before fetal viability is called abortion induction. It may or may not be lawful. Unlawful abortion is dangerous. In accordance with the Indian abortion law, a woman in an approved clinic or hospital can only be aborted by qualified doctors under specified conditions. In 1971 Indian parliament established the MTP Act (Medical termination of pregnancy) to prevent illegal abortion. If pregnancy is 7 weeks, drugs of mifepristone with misoprostol are favorable. The most common method for ending early pregnancy is the vacuum aspiration (aspiration). Surgical abortion is done if the patient prefers tubal ligation, but it has a risk of infection and incomplete abortion, as it is an operational technique

Background: Induced abortion is a worldwide social problem not confirmed either to developed or to developing nations. The adverse consequence of induced are not only affect the individual women, but society as a whole. Psychological complications are not easy to treat with women who repeatedly induced abortion. Risk of abortion is high even with modern lifestyle women especially workingwomen aged 18-45 years. To protect the self-confidence and prevent the women from social stigma, the NSG interventive helps lot and awareness programs related to induced abortion and its consequences improves the quality of life and wellbeing of females in the society. Material and Methods: Research Design The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. In the present study a pre-test was administered by means of self-administered knowledge questionnaire. Population Selected 500 female adults working at MAP garment factory here study of population will be considered female adults aged 18 to 45. Sample size and sampling technique Based on findings of pilot study, 500 female adults selected through simple random sampling technique by using computer generated numbers. Scoring technique: The self-administer knowledge questionnaire consisted of 40 multiple choice questions. Every correct answers were carried one mark (1) and every incorrect/unanswered item was carried zero mark (0). The maximum score on self-administered questionnaire was forty (40). The different knowledge is categorized as below.

Level of knowledge Range

Adequate knowledge (>75%)

Moderate knowledge (50-75%)

Inadequate knowledge (<50%)

To assess the attitude of induced abortion 20 self-structured statements prepared by researcher. The Likert scale was applied to assess the attitude of female adults regarding induced abortion. The Likert range from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

To assess the practice of induced abortion among female adults, researcher applied checklist. 20 self-structured statements prepared by researcher and each statement YES and NO responses accordingly. Positive responses by female adults carried one mark and negative responses carried zero mark.

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RESULTS: Table 1: Association between Demographic variables and Pre-test Knowledge

Demographic Variables <=Median (n=192) >Above Median (n=308)

Total Chi-

Square P-value

1. Age (in years) 18 -24 years 90 (47.9%) 98 (52.1%) 188

33.915 <0.001 25 -31 years 70 (43.8%) 90 (56.3%) 160

32 – 38 years 27 (28.1%) 69 (71.9%) 96

39 – 45 years 5 (8.9%) 51 (91.1%) 56

2. Religion Hindu 116 (46.4%) 134 (53.6%) 250

8.858 <0.068 Christian 37 (48.7%) 39 (51.3%) 76

Muslim 34 (31.5%) 74 (68.5%) 108

Others 5 (7.6%) 61 (92.4%) 66

3. Educational Status

Primary school 31 (57.4%) 23 (42.6%) 54

37.57 <0.001 Middle school 59 (48.8%) 62 (51.2%) 121

High school 97 (36.7%) 167 (63.3%) 264

PUC and Higher 5 (8.2%) 56 (91.8%) 61

4. Type of Family Nuclear 5 (5.1%) 93 (94.9%) 98 57.134 <0.001

Joint 187 (46.5%) 215 (53.5%) 402

5. Place of residence

Rural 54 (25.8%) 155 (74.2%) 209 3.959 <0.052

Urban 138 (47.4%) 153 (52.6%) 291

6. Marital Status Married 185 (47.4%) 205 (52.6%) 390 61.189 <0.001

Unmarried 7 (6.4%) 103 (93.6%) 110

7. How many children you have

One 86 (48.3%) 92 (51.7%) 178

46.66 <0.001 Two+ 79 (43.9%) 101 (56.1%) 180

No children 3 (9.4%) 29 (90.6%) 32

8. Monthly income (in Rs.)

<7000 90 (47.9%) 98 (52.1%) 188

33.915 <0.001 8000-10000 70 (43.8%) 90 (56.3%) 160

10000-12000 27 (28.1%) 69 (71.9%) 96

12000-15000 5 (8.9%) 51 (91.1%) 56

9. Any history of previous abortion

Yes 160 (45.7%) 190 (54.3%) 350 26.386 <0.001

No 32 (21.3%) 118 (78.7%) 150

1. Source of health information

Mass media (T.V. Radio, paper)

116 (46.4%) 134 (53.6%) 250

33.406 <0.001 Friends and relatives 51 (42.5%) 69 (57.5%) 120

Health personnel 20 (28.6%) 50 (71.4%) 70

Education 5 (8.3%) 55 (91.7%) 60

Forty questions were asked to assess participant’s knowledge on induced abortion and its consequences. The median number of questions correctly answered by the participants in pre-test was only 4 out of 40. The participants were classified into two groups; one group who scored 4 or below and the other who scored above 4. Association between the two groups with the socio-demographic variables was tested using Chi-Square test. There was high statistical significant association observed in all the variables except religion and place of residence. (P<0.001). It was observed that older women 32+ had more knowledge than the younger group. Similarly

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education had higher association with knowledge. Women who studied High school and above have more knowledge. It was interesting to know that younger women who are not yet married (93%) have more knowledge that married women. It was also observed that women with high income groups have higher knowledge than women with low income. (Table 1) Table 2: Association between Demographic variables and Pre-test Attitude

Demographic Variables <=Median

(n=263)

>Above Median (n=237)

Total Chi-

Square P-value

1. Age (in years) 18 -24 years 126 (67.0%) 62 (33.0%) 188

182.339 <0.001 25 -31 years 15 (9.4%) 145 (90.6%) 160

32 – 38 years 78 (81.3%) 18 (18.8%) 96

39 – 45 years 44 (78.6%) 12 (21.4%) 56

2. Religion Hindu 132 (52.8%) 118 (47.2%) 250

8.786 <0.052 Christian 0 (0.0%) 76 76

Muslim 79 (73.1%) 29 (26.9%) 108

Others 52 (78.8%) 14 (21.2%) 66

3. Educational Status

Primary school 2 (3.7%) 52 (96.3%) 54

164.556 <0.001 Middle school 112 (92.6%) 9 (7.4%) 121

High school 102 (38.6%) 162 (61.4%) 264

PUC and Higher 47 (77.0%) 14 (23.0%) 61

4. Type of Family Nuclear 72 (73.5%) 26 (26.5%) 98 21.292 <0.001

Joint 191 (47.5%) 211 (52.5%) 402

5. Place of residence

Rural 131 (62.7%) 78 (37.3%) 209 14.633 <0.001

Urban 132 (45.4%) 159 (54.6%) 291

6. Marital Status Married 182 (46.7%) 208 (53.3%) 390 25.031 <0.001

Unmarried 81 (73.6%) 29 (26.4%) 110

7. How many children you have

One 84 (47.2%) 94 (52.8%) 178

4.702 <0.072 Two 76 (42.2%) 104 (57.8%) 180

No children 3 (9.4%) 29 (90.6%) 32

8. Monthly income (in Rs.)

<7000 126 (67.0%) 62 (33.0%) 188

182.339 <0.001 8000-10000 15 (9.4%) 145 (90.6%) 160

10000-12000 78 (81.3%) 18 (18.8%) 96

12000-15000 44 (78.6%) 12 (21.4%) 56

9. Any history of previous abortion

Yes 143 (40.9%) 207 (59.1%) 350 64.525 <0.001

No 120 (80.0%) 30 (20.0%) 150

10. Source of health information

Mass media (T.V. Radio, paper)

132 (52.8%) 118 (47.2%) 250

69.544 <0.001 Friends and relatives 30 (25.0%) 90 (75.0%) 120

Health personnel 55 (78.6%) 15 (21.4%) 70

Education 46 (76.7%) 14 (23.3%) 60

Twenty questions were asked to assess participant’s attitude on induced abortion and its consequences. Participants were asked to scale each item on a Likert scale ranging from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The

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median attitude score at pre-test was found to be 3.2 out of 5. The participants were classified into two groups; one group with score <=3.2 and the other >3.18. Association between the two groups with the socio-demographic variables was tested using Chi-Square test. There was high statistical significant association observed in all the variables except religion and place of residence. (P<0.001). It was observed that women of age group 25- 31 (90%), women who studied up to high school (61.4%), women from Urban area (54.6%), married women (53.3%) and women with history of previous abortion (59.1%) had higher attitude scale regarding induced abortion and its consequences. (Table 2) CONCLUSION There was high statistical significant association observed in all the variables except religion and place of residence. (P<0.001). It was observed that older women 32+ had more knowledge than the younger group. Similarly education had higher association with knowledge. Women who studied High school and above have more knowledge. It was interesting to know that younger women who are not yet married (93%) have more knowledge that married women. It was also observed that women with high income groups have higher knowledge than women with low income. There was high statistical significant association observed in all the variables except religion and place of residence. Globally unintended and unplanned pregnancies end in induced abortion by legally or illegally due to that female feticide. So number of abortion per year is increasing even educated society significantly. This study revealed that, many participants had good knowledge with favorable attitude and positive healthy practices about safe abortion. REFERENCES

1. Sally C Mc flarlane parrot, The Gale Group Inc Gale, Detorit (2002) www.I.ying.com. 2. Abortion practice of women; cancer nursing (2009) www.ncbi.n/m.nig.govpubmed/19104203 3. Journal for clinical nurses(2005) faculty health and social care www.ncbi.org/viewarticle/15840071 4. W.P Peters E Edward Bittar, advanced in oncology series breast cancer vol 2.