A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ,ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE

REGARDING TOBACCO SMOKING, DRUG ABUSE AND JUNK

FOODSAMONG ADOLSCENT BOYS IN SELECTED

COLLEGES OF BANGALORE

M.Sc. Nursing Dissertation protocol submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi University of health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore.

By

Ms. K. VIJAYADURGA

M.Sc. NURSING FIRST YEAR

YEAR 2009-2011

Under the guidance of

Mrs. CHANDRAKALA

HOD, department of CHN

K.T.G. college of nursing,

Sreegandhadakavalu, Hegganahalli cross

Sunkadakatte road, Bangalore-560091.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCINCES,BANGALORE , KARNATAKA.

SYNOPSIS PERMORMA FOR REGISRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS

MS.KONDAPATI VIJAYA DURGAFIRST YEAR M.Sc. NURSINGK.T.G. COLLEGE OF NURSING.SREERGANDHADAKALALU,HEGGANAHALLI CROSS.SUNKADAKATTE ROAD, BANGALORE- 560091

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

K.T.G. COLLEGE OF NURSING.SREERGANDHADAKALALU,HEGGANAHALLI CROSS.SUNKADAKATTE ROAD, BANGALORE-

3. COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT

M.Sc. NURSING FIRST YEARCOMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4.

5

DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

15- MAY- 2009

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ,ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING THE HAZARDS OF TOBACCO SMOKING ,DRUG ABUSE AND JUNK FOODS AMONG ADOLESCENCE BOYS IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF BANGALORE.”

BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION “A nation’s hope rests on its youth. For the hopes to become realities, the younger

generation to grow into healthy adults.”

-Siddaramaiah.M

“Health is Wealth” goes the saying. Health is an essential factor for a happy contended life

.Based on Alma-Ata’s declaration; much emphasis is being based on health promotion and

preventive health care. Encouraging people to adopt healthy life styles and appropriate coping

strategies are the key aim in health promotion.1

-Jesveena Mathias

. Adolescence is a crucial gel fascinating period in an individual’s life span. The health

concerns of this period have great implications for shifting the focus of care to Wellness promotion

rather than treating established disorder.2

Drug abuse, smoking and eating junk foods or increasing in India and the number of

substance addicts are increasing phenomenally .The process of adaptation to various academic and

financial responsibilities, conflicts with the parents and peers which makes an adolescent vulnerable

to emotional stress . They seek an easy solution to these problems. Use and abuse of drugs and

smoking provides instant release from the pressure of life. The fast foods are ready- to- eat foods

produced on a mass scale. They serve as a meeting point for teens. Nutrition lists, dietitians and

physicians are screaming hoarse over the ill effects of fast foods. They attempt to dissuade people

from consuming them but in vain.3

Need for the Study

Adolescence the period between the onset of puberty and the cessation of physical growth.

adolescence the period is divided into early adolescence,12-13 years; middle adolescence 14-16

years; late adolescence 17-21 years,

There has been global increase in the prevalence of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and

consumption of junk food.

The WHO reports that 1.1 billion men and 250 million women world over are daily

smokers. In India about 200 million people smoke tobacco and about 8-10 lakh Indians die every

year from the diseases caused by tobacco. About 75% of adolescents who smoke daily will smoke in

their adulthood.1 Prevalence rates in Karnataka depending upon access and availability, 4.2 (±1.7) in

2000-2004.

Many studies have shown that due to smoking there is low academic performance and school

dropouts. Some types of psycho-pathology has been linked to increased smoking prevalence in

adolescents especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression. They were also found

that to have had more negative life events and greater perceived stress than non-smokers.6 The major

diseases caused by tobacco consumption are heart diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

cerebro- vascular accident, hypertension and other vascular diseases, cancer of buccal cavity,

pharynx, larynx, lungs etc. Apart from being exposed to increase of hazards of his own health, is a

threat to non-smokers who live and work in his close vicinity. Further the smokers use more negative

coping methods like anger, helplessness.7

A drug of abuse produces several physiologically alterations like alteration in the mood,

the level of perception or brain functioning and it may lead to acute intoxication. Intravenous use of

heroin leads to other complications like serum hepatitis, septicemia, thrombophlebitis, Acquired

Immune Deficiency Syndrome etc. Heroin abuse has often been associated with crime, violence,

aggression. An obvious effect is the drain on family budgets. Debts found to accumulate and it leads

to family disruption. Parents smoking behaviors influence the adolescents to form such bad habits.8

Teenagers have embraced junk jeweler, fast life, and fast music and now fast foods. It is also

addictive in any cases and has serious repercussion when eaten excessively. If consumed over a

period the body becomes malnourished which is bad. This condition lowers the immunity level and

may invite infections. Serious health problems like diabetes, heart problems and high B.P are

affecting people in their 20’s and 30’s. Stomach upsets are common too. Smoking, junk foods and

drug abuse have become threatening problems in our modern world. The adolescence fall easy

victims to these dangers, destroying or damaging their health, life and future which in turn in future

of the nation. So we felt a strong need to take this study.9

6.2 Review of LiteratureResearch can not add to human knowledge if it is conducted in isolation from other scientific efforts.

According to Polit and Hungler (1995) Review of Literature refers to both activities involved

in searching for information on a topic as well as the actual written report that summarizes the state

of existing knowledge of research problem.

Best (1992) stated “a review of literature provides evidence to what is already known, what is

still unknown and untested. It provides useful hypothesis and helpful suggestions for significant

investigations. It is valuable guide and suggests promising, data gathering devices, appropriate study

design and source of data.

The task of reviewing literature involves identification, selection, critical analysis and

written description of existing information and on the topic of interest. A brief report of reviewed

literature is organized under following headings

● Literature related to smoking

● Literature related to drug abuse

● Literature related to junk foods

LITERATURE RELATED TO SMOKINGNon-Research literature

World wide 3 million people die from smoking each year. one in every 10 sec which

estimates suggests will rise to 10 millions by 2020. recent allegations suggest the top companies

deliberately produce the most addictive cigarettes they can up to 40% of smokers begin when

they are below the age of 18, often due ton peer pressure once addicted continuing to smoking is

so larger an issue of freedom of choice, but of chemical compulsion.10

-Environment and people; Jan 2008.

In US (2000) smoking inhalation accounts for as many as 10,000 deaths each year;

further, French, Swedish, Scottish and US studies have documented the cyanide poisoning

concurrent with CO poisoning, that often results from smoke inhalation

-Mary Jokoschel(2000)

According to Diana.J. Mason hospitalized smokers need help and nurses need to make sure

they get it properly. Adolescents are a group that shows rising rates of tobacco use.

-AJN Nov 1999

Research Literature D.M Becker, A.H Myers, M. Sacci, S. Weide and R.Swank examined smoking prevalence.

Smoking behavior and attitude towards smoking in hospitals in 1380 respondents among 1719

register nurses in a large urban teaching hospital. In this group current prevalence of smoking in

hospital nurses (22%) were less than women in general population (29%)

Ary and Biglan reports that nicotine use begins at a very early age in US and nearly all smokers

age 35 years or younger began using cigarettes sometime in early adolescents roughly between the

ages of 11-15 years and few people take up tobacco after the age of 18.

Kenneth. St.C.Levy conducted a research to assess the relationship between adolescence attitudes

towards authority, self concept and delinquency and it focus on attitude towards institutional

authority among 3 groups of adolescents: non delinquents

Non institutional delinquents and institutional delinquents. It was found that attitude towards parents,

teachers, police and the law in general, positive Non delinquents attitudes were more posture than

those of delinquents.

A quasi experimental study was carried out X standard of a selected school in Kolar district to

evaluate the effectiveness of PTP regarding adverse effects of smoking, knowledge gain of students.

The study revealed a significant difference between pre and post test course of students. This

knowledge may protect them from becoming smokers. The students may spread the knowledge they

had gained to follow students, neighbors and friends.

R.Sreevani(2008)

LITERATURE RELATED TO DRUG ABUSE

Non-research Literature Drug addiction destroys lives, families and communities. it destroys the nation. the threat of

drug has assumed a serious dimension on account of growing AIDS epidemic especially by the

younger generations .

K.K Kamala

The negative consequences of drug effect not only individual who abuse drugs but also

their families and friends, various business and government resources. the most obvious effect of

drug abuse which are manifested include ill health, sickness and ultimately death

S.S.Prabudeva

Research LiteratureA cross sectional analysis was carried out with in 3 months 2319 adolescence from 16 Thuriojian

schools were surveyed 346 (15.1%)students out of 2287 indicated use of prohibited substances from

the WADA list in the previous year .16(0.7%) anabolic androgenic steroids, 10(0.4%)growth

hormones 56(2.4%) cocaine or heroine and six (0.3% erythropoietin .non athletes reported as

substance use that was approximately higher than that of recreational athletes and nearly three times

higher than that of competitive athletes .all these groups performed poorly on knowledge test

regarding doping in general with an average below 60%in each care

-Wanjek B,Rosendahl J, Shauss B, GabrielH.H (2004)

LITERATURE RELATED TO JUNK FOODS

Non research literature To much of junk foods when ingested are bound harmful .they burdening the kidney rich and

spicy foods also effect the acid balance of the body. Their foods are particularly devoid of fiber and

may cause constipation. it may also generate a lot of gas that cause bloating and uneasiness

Malivika Dekhna.2006

According to the survey 81% of children and teen age youth influence where the family goes

for the fast foods ,55% influence the choice of restaurants for dinner and 50% influence the type of

food the family eats at home

Herald of Health Nov2002.

Research Literature Robert. w. Joffery, judeBaxter and Jennifer Linder (2005) conducted a research to assess the

relation ship between the fast food restaurants and obesity. Eating at fast foods restaurants was

positively associated with having children a high fat diet and BMI.15

Keren a Herbt and Armintel Jacobson conducted a research to assess the adolescent evening

meal practices and attitudes to wards the maternal role in evening meal preparation results indicated

the maternal employments effects adolescents evening meals in the number of meals.1.offer per

week.,2 fully prepared by mother and 3. Eaten away from home attitudes are different between the

sexes and those with

employed and unemployed mothers.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM“A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods among adolescent boys in selected colleges of Bangalore”.

Objectives of the study

▪To assess the level of knowledge regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods among adolescent boys.

▪To assess the attitude regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods among adolescent boys.

▪To assess the practice regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods among adolescent boys.

▪To find out the correlation between the knowledge attitude regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

▪To find out the correlation between knowledge and practice regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

▪To find out the association between knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods with selected variables such as age, education, working parents, and area of residence, type of family, religion, economic status and source of information.

Operational Definitions Knowledge; Knowledge means the rate of knowing about a particular fact or situation. in the present study it

refers to adolescent boys information on the hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

Attitude; Attitude refers to the way one thinks, feels or behaves towards some thing or some body.

Practice; Practice means doing an activity or training regularly so that you can improve the skill, or time

you spend doing the activity.

Adolescent Boys; Adolescence is the period of life between 10and 19 years. The boys between the age of 10

and 19 years are called adolescents boys. in this study adolescent boys means boys between 15-19

years

Hazards; It means the thing that can be dangerous or cause damage. In this study it means the

dangers or damage due to junk foods, drug abuse and tobacco smoking.

Tobacco Smoking; It is inhalation and exhalation of fumes of a burning plant material, tobacco.

Drug Abuse; The use or over use usually by self – administering of any drug in a manner that deviates from

the prescribed pattern.

Junk Foods; Junk food means that is quick and easy to prepare by one self.

Hypothesis

H1: There will be a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding hazards of

tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

H2: There will be significant correlation between knowledge and practice regarding hazards of

tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

H3: There will be association between knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hazards of

tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods with selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTION;

● Adolescent boys may have some knowledge regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse

and junk foods.

●Adolescent boys will be willing to express their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding

hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods.

DELIMITATION

▪ The study limited to gender

▪ Age group between 18 to 21 years.

▪ Study period 4 weeks.

PROJECTED OUTCOME

The study will provide to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hazards of tobacco

smoking, drug abuse and junk foods among adolescent boys in selected colleges in Bangalore.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

SOURCE OF DATA Adolescent boys studying in selected colleges of Bangalore

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

SAMPLING CRITERIA

INCLUSION CRITERIA ▪ Adolescent. boys of age 18 to21 years

▪ Subjects availability and willingness to

participate in the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA ▪ Subjects who are not willing to participate in the study

▪ People other than the age of adolescent period

RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive design

VARIABLES UNDER STUDYINDEPENDENT VARIABLE

In the present study that demographic variables are the samples

of revision, type of family, working parents, economic status

source of information of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk

foods.

DEPENDENT VARIABLES Dependent variables are knowledge, attitude and practice

SETTING The study will be conducted selected colleges of Bangalore

POPULATION Adolescent boys studying in selected colleges of Bangalore

SAMPLE SIZE The sample will consists of 60 to 100 adolescent boys in selected colleges of Bangalore

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE Purposive sampling technique.

TOOL OF RESEARCH Appropriate structured knowledge questionnaire to asses the

knowledge and Likert type of attitude scale to asses the attitude

and practice of adolescent boys regarding tobacco smoking, drug

abuse and junk foods and will be constructed and validated by

experts and it will be used to collect the needed data

SECTION A

SECTION B

Deals with structured knowledge questionnaire consists of two

parts

PART -1 : Demographic variables of adolescent boys

PART-2: Consists of 31 MCQ based on smoking, drug abuse

and junk foods.

Deals with attitude scale. Scale consists of 41 items .There are

five alternative responses .Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Not

sure (NS), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SD).

COLLECTION OF DATA 1. A prior permission will be obtained from the selected

college’s authority of Bangalore for collecting the required data.

2.Informed consent should be obtained from the adolescent of

selected colleges

3. Structured questionnaire will be obtained to collect the data

regarding knowledge of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk

foods.

4. Likert type of attitude scale will be administered to asses the

attitude and practice of tobacco, smoking, drug abuse and junk

foods.

5. Duration of data collection is 4 weeks.

METHODS OF DATA

ANALYSIS AND

PRESENTATION

1. Descriptive and Inferential statistics will be used.

2. Mean, median and mode will be used to explain demographic variables.

DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.

No. The study requires to analyses the knowledge, attitude and practice of the adolescent boys

regarding hazards of tobacco smoking, drug abuse and junk foods at selected colleges in Bangalore.

HAS ETHICAL CLEARENSE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION IN CASE OF 7.3?

1. Ethical clearance will be obtained from the research committee of K.T.G. College of nursing.

2. Permission will be obtained from the selected colleges authority of Bangalore

3. Consent will be obtained from the adolescent boys who are willing to participate in the study.

LIST OF REFFERENCES;

1. World Health Organization, The Health Of Young A Challenge And a promise 1993

2. World Health Adolescence, The Crucial Years Geneva W.H.O 1976

3. Macauleg AP And Salter C.”Meeting The Needs Of Young Adolescents, Population Reports,

1995 Baltimare, USA; Johns Hopkins School Of Hygiene And Public Health.

4. Miller- Keane”Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, Allited Health; 7 th Edition;

Saunders Publications Page -39.

5. Dorthy R. Marlow; Barbara A Redding “Text Book of Pediatric Nursing; 6 th Edition; WB

Saunder Company; Page-1116.

6. Bala Murugan; Tobacco Free Youth; Nightingale Nursing Times; May-2008 Volume-4 Issue-

2; Page 26-27

7. Lyme M.Buchan “An Exploratory Study of Multi Component Treatment Intervention For

Tobacco Dependency“Journal Of Nursing Scholarship Nov-2004, Volume-3, Number-4, Page-

324-330.

8. D.Mohan.H.S.Sethi, E.Tongue; Drug Abuse in India; 1st Edition; Medical Publishers New

Delhi 1985.

9. Jorge Pamplona; “Fast foods Fast Disease” Herald of Health; Nov -2006, Page 7-8.

10. Narayana Rao; Smoking is Injurious to Health Environment and People; Jan-2008, Page -25.

11. J.Melgosa,”Advancing Through Adolescents;”Herald of Health; May-2002, Page 5-8.

12. Dr Louis Emanuel”Parents, Your Smoking is Killing Your Child”; Health Action, April-1988,

Page 24-25.

13. A.P.Ghosal; Smoking Habits and Respiratory Symptoms; observation Among College

Students and Professionals;”Journal of The Indian Medical Association March-1996”, Page

55-57.

14. Mickley Ask M.D& Jorge Pamplona” How To Beat Your Addictions, Fast Food Disease and

Coping With Addiction;”Heralds of Health; May-2008, Page 4-15.

15. M.S Lakesh Wind Karu; “Prevalence of Obesity Among Adolescents ;Nightingale Nursing

Times ;Feb-2008 Volume 3,Issue”,Page 58-60.

9 NAME & SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

MS.KONDAPATI.VIJAYADURGA

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE The study is suitable & feasible

11 NAME AND DESIGNATION

11.1

GUIDE MRS.A.CHANDRAKALA,HOD,K.T.G. COLLEGE OF NURSINGSREEGANDHADAKAVALU, BANGALORE.

11.2

SIGNATURE

11.3

CO-GUIDE

11.4

SIGNATURE

11.5

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT MRS.A.CHANDRAKALAK.T.G. COLLEGE OF NURSINGSREEGANDHADAKAVALU,BANGALORE

11.6

SIGNATURE

12 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL The study is suitable & feasible

12.1

NAME & SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL

Biju Ramachandran

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Curriculum Development Cell

CONFIRMATION FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

Registration No. ;

Name of the candidate ;M.s.Kondapati VijayaDurga

Address ; K.T.G. College of Nursing

; Sreegandhadakavalu, Bangalore

Name of the institution ; K.T.G. College of Nursing

Sreegandhadakavalu, Bangalore

Date of admission to Course ;15/05/2009

Title of the topic ;A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding

the hazards of tobacco smoking and drug abuse and junk food

among adolescent boys in selected colleges of Bangalore

Brief Resume of The work ; Attached

Signature of the student ;

Name of the Guide ; Mrs.A.Chandrakala

Signature of the Guide ;

Name of the Co- Guide ;

Signature of the co-Guide ;

Name of the HOD ; Mrs.A.Chandrakala

Signature of the HOD ;

Name of the principal ;Biju Ramachandran

Principal mobile number ;

Principal E-mail ID ;

Remark of the Principal ;

Signature of the Principal ;