a strategy towards enhanced bio-energy production from cane biomass msiri april 2006 ljc autrey ktkf...

A strategy towards enhanced bio-energy production from cane biomass

A strategy towards enhanced bio-energy production from cane biomass

MSIRIApril 2006

LJC Autrey

KTKF Kong Win Chang

AF Lau

82

79

7777

76

74

77

78 78

8382

77

75 75

72

65

60

65

70

75

80

85

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Land area (Thousand hectares)

Roadmap

2015

PART IPART I

Bio-energy potential

based on

current technologies and cane varieties


based on

current technologies and cane varieties

Electricity

Electricity output in Mauritius (GWh)

IslandIsland

Sugar IndustrySugar

Industry Bag301

Coal534

2015

3000


IslandIsland

Sugar IndustrySugar

Industry

2015

3000

Savannah

2 x 42 MW in 2007

Bag301

Coal534

Assumption:5.5 million tonnes cane130 kWh/t cane65% total by coal

Bag400

Coal740

Bag465

Coal860

2007/08

1325

1140

Savannah

3 x 42 MW in 2008

Savannah power plant under construction

2 x 42 MW in 2007

3 x 42 MW in 2008


IslandIsland

Sugar IndustrySugar

Industry

2015

3000

F.U.E.L

Bag301

Coal534

Bag400

Coal740

Bag465

Coal860

2009

1720

Bag600

Coal1120



IslandIsland

Sugar IndustrySugar

Industry

2015

3000

Medine

Bag301

Coal534

Bag400

Coal740

Bag465

Coal860

2012

2000

Bag700

Coal1300


Bag600

Coal1120

31 32 3445 47 50 50 53

71

136

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Factory no.Factory no.

82 bar

boiler

Projected electricity export from bagasse (kWh/t cane)

Projected electricity export from bagasse (kWh/t cane)

The potential that will be exploited between 2007 & 2012 ?The potential that will be exploited between 2007 & 2012 ?Belle Vue

Target by 2012

A minimum of 130 kWh/t cane

4 co-generation plants instead of 10

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Projected electricity export from bagasse (GWh)Projected electricity export from bagasse (GWh)

In spite of a reduction of land area for cane cultivation, electricity production will rise to 700 GWh using current technologies and existing cane varieties.

In spite of a reduction of land area for cane cultivation, electricity production will rise to 700 GWh using current technologies and existing cane varieties.

700

2012

Ethanol

Ethanol is currently produced with molasses

Maximum 33 000 tonnes

Blending with gasoline to start soon

Alcodis Mauritius

PART IIPART II

Strategic Research to Enhance


New Technologies & New Cane Varieties

Strategic Research to Enhance


New Technologies & New Cane Varieties

Strategic Research in MauritiusTo enhance bio-energy production


1. Breeding for more biomass

2. Collecting maximum trash from the fields

3. Ethanol from bagasse

4. Bagasse gasification technologies

1. Breeding for more biomass

2. Collecting maximum trash from the fields

3. Ethanol from bagasse

4. Bagasse gasification technologies

1.

Breeding for more biomass

1.

Breeding for more biomass

Strategic Research in Mauritius

To enhance bio-energy production

Intensification of interspecific programme with available wild species in germplasm collection for:

Intensification of interspecific programme with available wild species in germplasm collection for:

Evaluation of Interspecific crosses

1980’s1980’s

1. Genetic base-broadening2. Windfall gain for

enhancement of fibre

1. Genetic base-broadening2. Windfall gain for

enhancement of fibre

470 (F1, BC1, BC2) new parent varieties available in collection for high fibre cane

470 (F1, BC1, BC2) new parent varieties available in collection for high fibre cane

1990’s1990’s

2005 - 20072005 - 2007

Evaluation of 65 promising parent varieties (interspecific derived) in the collection for biomass, fibre and pol

Evaluation of 65 promising parent varieties (interspecific derived) in the collection for biomass, fibre and pol

What cane variety for bio-energy ?What cane variety for bio-energy ?Different ScenariiDifferent Scenarii

Breeding for more biomass in MauritiusNew variety development initiative to meet future challenges

40 S. Spontaneum clones imported from Barbados in 2004

released from quarantine in 2006

M 1672/90

A new promising

variety with enhanced fibre

content

M 1672/90

A new promising

variety with enhanced fibre

content

Controls L2 P2 P2 S2

soils soils soils soilsM 1176/77 121 120 130 121

M 1246/84 102 124 131 -

M 1400/86 143 - 120 -

R 570 109 110 118 115

R 573 109 - 110 -

FIBRE % CANE

M 1672/90

M 1672/90 as % of controls

What cane variety for bio-energy ?What cane variety for bio-energy ?

Current varietyFibre 10 - 12 %

SugarBagasse for electricity & ethanol

High qualityPol 17 - 22 %

More SugarMore bagasse for electricity & ethanol

High fibreFibre 20 - 30 %

Less SugarMuch more bagasse for electricity & ethanol

Energy caneFibre > 30 %

Small amount of sugar for ethanol/rumMuch more bagasse for electricity & ethanol

Different ScenariiDifferent Scenarii

High fibreFibre 20 - 30 %

Less SugarMuch more bagasse for electricity & ethanol

Current varietyFibre 10 – 12 %

SugarBagasse for electricity & ethanol

High qualityPol 17 - 22 %

More SugarMore bagasse for electricity & ethanol

High quality caneHigh quality cane

Barbados

Bx % C

P % C F % C

WI 99940 19.8 17.9 18.4

WI 96912 21.4 19.9 17.5

Mauritius

M52/78 15.7 14.3 10.4

Barbados

High quality cane tested in Mauritius High quality cane tested in Mauritius Promising varieties from BarbadosPromising varieties from Barbados

Brix % Juice

WI 99901 22.4 22.2

WI 96911 25.0 21.8

FieldBarbados

GlasshouseMauritius

WI 96904 26.0 21.0

WI 96902 26.2 22.1

Energy Content (ktoe)All sugar into ethanol

Energy Content (ktoe)All sugar into ethanol

Normal

High quality

High fibre

Energy cane

Ethanol

216

445

222

55

Million tonnes

CO2 offset

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

M1672/90 321 223 1.7

Bagasse

264

371

580

781

2.

Maximize trash recovery from the fields

2.

Maximize trash recovery from the fields



Impact of fibre on electricity exportImpact of fibre on electricity export

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

14 15 16 17 18

kW

h/t

can

e

Fibre % Cane

Boiler 82 bar 525 o C = 11 kWh/t c

ane

Boiler 82 bar 525 o C = 11 kWh/t c

ane

Trash recovery increases fibre content in caneTrash recovery increases fibre content in cane

Method of trash recovery – The DCCP conceptMethod of trash recovery – The DCCP concept

Sugar Cane + Maximum Trash sent to factory

DCCP

ChoppedTrash

CleanCane

Factory

Bagasse

Quality Sugar

World bank and GEF funded research on

DCCP or trash recovery system

A commercial system to be installed at

Savannah

World bank and GEF funded research on

DCCP or trash recovery system

A commercial system to be installed at

Savannah

Source: Union St Aubin

Additional trash (offset coal) + 250Assuming 400 000 tonnes recovered – Conventional steam cycle

2000

700

20122005

4

1300

35 % bag 65 % coal

301534

8352015

Cellulases and hemicellulases produced by micro-organisms to hydrolyse hemicellulose and cellulose



3.

Ethanol from bagasse

Ethanol and Bioplastic from BagasseEthanol and Bioplastic from Bagasse

1. Lignin removal from bagasse1. Lignin removal from bagasse

Lignin 19.6

Lignin 19.6

Ash 6.3Ash 6.3

Hemicellulose 28.4

Hemicellulose 28.4

Cellulose 40.6Cellulose 40.6

Sugar 3.1Sugar 3.1

2. Convert hemicellulose and cellulose into simple sugars

2. Convert hemicellulose and cellulose into simple sugars

3 Steps

3. Convert simple sugars into ethanol and bioplastic3. Convert simple sugars into ethanol and bioplastic

LigninLignin

• Amorphous polymer• Amorphous polymer

• 2nd most abundant biopolymer in nature• 2nd most abundant biopolymer in nature• Binds hemicellulose/cellulose

It gives rigidity to plants

• Binds hemicellulose/cellulose It gives

rigidity to plants

• Lignin can be used as fuel• Lignin can be used as fuel

• Can be converted into dispersing agents and additives• Can be converted into dispersing agents and additives

HemicelluloseHemicellulose

• Low calorific sugar• Low calorific sugarHydrolysis • Furfural• Furfural

• Ethanol• Ethanol

XyloseXylose

HemicelluloseHemicellulose

HHOO

HH OHOH

HO HH

OHOHHH

CH2OHCH2OH

O

H

O

H

HO

H

H

OHHO

OH

O

H

HO

H

H

H

OHHO

OH

O

H

HO

H

H

H

OHH

OH

n

• Most abundant biopolymer in nature

• Used as pulp/paper and clothing

• Cellulose is hydrolyzed by acids and enzymes to produce glucose• Glucose can be fermented into ethanol

CelluloseCellulose

Removal of ligninRemoval of lignin

Two method were used on bagasse:-Two method were used on bagasse:-

1. Sodium hydroxide

2. Potassium hydroxide

1. Sodium hydroxide

2. Potassium hydroxide

Preliminary conclusions:-

Potassium hydroxide costs three times as much as sodium hydroxide but it has a major advantage:

It can be recovered as potassium nitrate by the addition of nitric acid, and thus can be used as fertilizer

Preliminary conclusions:-

Potassium hydroxide costs three times as much as sodium hydroxide but it has a major advantage:

It can be recovered as potassium nitrate by the addition of nitric acid, and thus can be used as fertilizer

Method 1 – Enzymatic hydrolysis


Preliminary results:-

At present stage the efficiency is around 10-15 %. Hence, we are currently optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

Hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose into simple sugars

Method 2 – Acid hydrolysis


Presence of reducing sugars.


Presence of reducing sugars.

Picture shows newly acquired reactor. Some tests on pre-treated bagasse were carried out at 200 oC.

Picture shows newly acquired reactor. Some tests on pre-treated bagasse were carried out at 200 oC.

Hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose into simple sugars



4.

Bagasse gasification technologies

Steam cycleGWh

Potential electricity export with bagasse as fuel

Potential electricity export with bagasse as fuelComparing conventional steam cycle with BIG-CCComparing conventional steam cycle with BIG-CC

Current varieties 700

BIG-CCGWh

High quality cane

895 2110

High fibre cane 1535 3390

Energy cane 2160 4640

M1672/90 785 1830

1630

Projected island electricity demand in 2015 3000 GWh

Bagasse gasification technologiesTo enhance bio-energy production

Bagasse gasification technologiesTo enhance bio-energy production

The MSIRI is seeking collaboration with a strategic partner to re-start bagasse gasification project.The ISSCT is setting up an International Sugarcane Biomass Utilization Consortium (ISBUC). The launching is planned for 11 July 2006 in Durban. The mode of functioning will be on the same line as the International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology (ICSB).

Bagasse gasification technologies will probably be one of the key issues that will be addressed.

Final TargetFinal Target

To make bio-refinery concept a reality

To make bio-refinery concept a reality

Canebiomass

Effluen

ts fr

om

biopla

stic

s

Biotechnologytools

Solar energy

Bio

fert

ilize

rsc

o2

Value-

added

mole

cule

sCane and trash

Biofertilizers

Vinasse

EthanoldistilleryEthanol

Liquors

, etc

.

Can

e ju

ice

Mo

lass

esSte

am &

ele

ctric

ity

co2

Sugarfactory

Su

gar

exp

ort

s

Cogenplants

Bagasse and trash

Steam & electricity

Sugar

Foodproducts

co2

Leaves & trash

SolventsBioplastic

factory

Ste

am a

nd

elec

tric

ity

co2

Sugar

Bioplastics

Effluents

The bio-refinery conceptThe bio-refinery concept

Back to Earth Back to Earth

In Mauritius, currently the revenue from bio-energy is still low compared to sugar

Photosource: http://www.nickyee.com/photoshop/earth-atlantic-1600.jpg

SugarElectricityEthanol

17.7%

100%

@ US $ 560/tonne@ US $ 560/tonne

100%

29.0%

@ US$ 350/tonne@ US$ 350/tonne

Current revenue from sugar and by-products

Current revenue from sugar and by-products

ASSUMPTIONS

1 tonne sugar = MUR 16,900

1 tonne cane @ 10% IRSC = 100 kg = MUR 1690

Electricity @ MUR 1.75 kWh = MUR 202

Ethanol @ 0.44 USD / litre = MUR 97

Dancing nakedin the mind field

Dr Kary Mullis

“ There is a very important rule in

evolution. Don’t trouble yourself with details that

do not matter for survival. Who ever can do something more

efficiently, survives.” Page 157

Thank you for your attention

a strategy towards enhanced bio-energy production from cane biomass msiri april 2006 ljc autrey ktkf...

Documents

bioenergy production

enhanced bioenergy production

electricity production

construction2 x

existing cane varieties

cane biomassmsiriapril

cane cultivation

tonnes cane130 kwht