a short biography of james c. greenacre · a short biography of james clarke greenacre robert...
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© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 1 2013-07-28
A Short Biography of James Clarke Greenacre
Robert O’Connell and Anthony Cook
Early Years: 1914-1934
James Clarke Greenacre was born to Ada and Edger
Greenacre on January 9, 1914 in Fort Collins, Colorado. They
lived on the 20,000 acre Greenacre Ranch near the small town
of Livermore north of Fort Collins for the first several years of
his life. (Private communication, Greenacre’s eldest son,
James E. Greenacre, Jr., 2010).3 (See Figure 1). In 1917 his
father and uncle sold the ranch and in November 1918
Greenacre and his parents moved to a small two-story
residential house in Fort Collins4 (See Figure 2).
Greenacre met his
future wife, Doris
June Brollier (1916 –
2001) while they
were attending Fort
Collins High School.5
(See Figures 3 and 4).
On weekends he
worked as a ranch
hand for the new
owners of the former
Greenacre Ranch
using horse-drawn
equipment as tractors were scarce at that time.6
Having been influenced by his father’s keen interest in
anthropology, when time allowed he roamed the prairies of
northern Colorado searching for Indian artifacts. This
fascination motivated his pursuit of a degree in anthropology
which eventually led to his first career as an archeologist.7
Anthropology/Archeology: 1934 -1942
In September 1934, Greenacre enrolled as a freshman at
Colorado A&M8 in Fort Collins to pursue a degree in
anthropology.9 He worked the weekend 4 PM to 2 AM shift at
a local hamburger shop to make ends meet and in the morning,
after polishing his shoes with hamburger grease, arrived
promptly at 8:30 AM for ROTC where he was a Calvary
platoon captain.10
At the end of his sophomore year, in the fall
of 1936, he transferred to the University of New Mexico
(UNM) in Albuquerque because of its reputation for
archeological research.11
At UNM he joined the excavation
crew at the Sandia Cave archeological site north of
Albuquerque and worked on excavations at the Chaco Canyon
in northwestern New Mexico.12
In 1937 he was elected
president of the Tiwa Archeological Association.13
At night he
washed dishes in a saloon and on Saturday nights, now being
As the lead lunar observer and USAF spokesman for ‘The 1963 Aristarchus Events’1, relatively little
information has been published about James Clarke Greenacre. In this web-based supplement to
‘Revisiting The 1963 Aristarchus Events’2, we provide additional information on Greenacre’s personal life
and careers. This supplement available for download at: www.the1963aristarchusevents.com
Figure 1. Greenacre Ranch near Livermore, Colorado. (U.S.
Geological Survey Photographic Library).
Figure 2. Greenacre residence at 120
W. Magnolia St. downtown Fort
Collins. (Courtesy Fort Collins
Historical Preservation Office).
Figure 3. Greenacre high
school photo. (Courtesy Fort
Collins Local History Archive).
Figure 4. Greenacre and
Doris Brollier in 1932 at the
Fort Collins High School.
(Courtesy Fort Collins Local
History Archive).
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 2 2013-07-28
over 21, tended bar. Initially he lived with two other students
in a basement apartment with no bathroom but soon found
better living arrangements.14
His archeological training accelerated in the summer of
1937 at the age of 23 on return
home to Fort Collins for summer
break when Smithsonian
Institution archeologist Dr. Frank
H. H. Roberts, Jr. approached
Greenacre to join the excavation
team at the Lindenmeier
archeological site 25 miles north
of Fort Collins.15
Greenacre was
one of several young
archeologists selected to work
the site over two summers (1937-
1938).16
He recalled excavating
artifacts for Roberts, “. . . inch-
by-inch (with a toothbrush and a
grapefruit)17
accounting for
every flake of material . . .
accuracy was a must . . . Roberts
was really picky about keeping
our walls perfectly vertical . . .
this was necessary in order to
keep the stratification of the site
intact, which was important for
determining age and origin of
artifacts found within the site.”18
(See Figures 5 and 6).
By the Fall of 1938 he had
earned more than enough credits
for a degree in anthropology but
was unable to graduate. Despite
the fact he had been accepted at
UNM and his grades from A&M
were good, it was not until his
arrival to the UNM campus in
1936 that he was informed by the
Registrar’s Office that 32 credit
hours would not transfer which
put him back a full academic year.19
Despite this situation, he
decided to remain at UNM in a race against time and money
maintaining a better then required “B” average.20
But
employment during the Recession of 1937–1938 was elusive
and he eventually found himself “dead broke.”21
He later
recalled he was looking for any option and had even
considered a degree in geodesy having earned 40 credit hours
in astronomy coursework.22
But he could not put together the
proper mix of credits and so was forced to drop out of the
UNM during what should have been his senior year without a
degree.23
Years later he humorously reflected on this
unfortunate confluence of
circumstances stating “So I’m
just no good.”24
At this point Dr. Roberts and
archeologist-friend C.T.R.
Bohannon interceded on
Greenacre’s behalf helping him
to secure employment in the
department of Anthropology at
the University of Kentucky
(UK), Lexington.25
UK was
using federally financed Works
Progress Administration (WPA)
funds to excavate several
significant archeological sites
across Kentucky and Greenacre
accepted a full-time position as
the University’s Archeological
Supervisor of Field Excavations
for $150 a month.26
After
receiving a substantial $30 a-
month-raise, he sent for his
fiancée Doris back in Colorado
and they were married on May
30, 1938.27
Greenacre supervised
excavations at the Carlson Annis
Mound in Butler County; C&O
Twin Mounds in Johnson
County; Adena Culture site
(Hooton Hollow) in Menifee
County and the Roach Site in
western Kentucky.28
He also
prepared reconnaissance surveys
of the area now covered by the
Kentucky Dam and Lake.29
It was
toward the end of his work in
Kentucky that Greenacre’s
daughter, Sabra, was born in 1941. Greenacre refined his
cartographic techniques as well as his documentation and
photographic skills as supervisor of these sites during this six-
year period.30
(See Figure 7).
Figure 6. Crew members of the 1938 field season excavating a bone
bed at the Lindenmeier site. (Image: Smithsonian Institution).
Figure 5. Greenacre kneeling far left at the Lindenmeier site in 1937.
(Image: Wilmsen E. N. & Roberts, F. H. H., Jr., 'Lindenmeier, 1934-
1974: Concluding Report on Investigations', Smithsonian
Contributions to Anthropology, 1978).
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 3 2013-07-28
In 1988 the University of Kentucky’s Museum of
Anthropology and the Kentucky Heritage Council flew
Greenacre and his wife out from Ft. Collins to accept an award
in recognition of his “significant role in the development of
Kentucky archaeology during the New Deal era”.31
J. E.
Greenacre, Jr. recalled “I believe his reputation in
documenting, mapping and photographing sites was why the
U.S. Army Map Service would later pursue my father for war
related cartographic work. He quickly moved from a field
archeologist to a high security-clearance position at the
Pentagon.” (Private communication 2010).
U.S. Army Map Service: 1942-1945
At the age of 28, Greenacre transitioned from archeology into
military cartography just as WPA funds were drying up, he
was again “flat broke” and America was at war.32
While
Greenacre never harbored a desire for a military career, in
May 1942 the U.S. Army Map Service (AMS)33
“persuaded”
him to accept a civil servant position becoming manager of
cartographic field offices and starting first in Louisville,
Kentucky.34
Once in this position he quickly realized, “. . .
the Army was desperate for map makers to update its
antiquated stock.”35
One of the first things he did was travel
to Washington, D.C. to research what maps currently existed
in the Department of Defense archives for war planning in the
European theater of war. To his dismay he found “. . . the
newest maps of France dated to the days of Napoleon. No
wonder we weren't prepared for invasion.” 36
Greenacre would manage AMS field stations in Louisville
Kentucky as well as in Cincinnati and Cleveland Ohio.37
One
mapping staff of 300 he supervised was producing, “. . .
detailed maps of France and North Africa for advancing
Allied troops” and in Cincinnati he supervised a staff of 140
draftsmen who were producing military maps of Greece.38
Later in 1944 Greenacre was assigned high-security clearance,
transferred to the Pentagon and appointed chief geographer of
the Geographic Names Branch of the AMS.39
Here he worked
with an international team of analysts who were translating
captured foreign charts in six languages and preparing D-Day
invasion routes.40
(Private communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr.,
2011). Greenacre later recalled during that time: "A lot of the
stuff I did went from my office to the White House . . .” 41
U. S. Board on Geographic Names:
1945-1951
At the end of the war the family remained in Washington D.C.
where Greenacre accepted a civil servant position as the
Army’s representative to the U.S. Board on Geographic
Names (BGN).42
The BGN is a Federal agency created in
1890 to maintain uniform geographic name usage throughout
the Federal Government. During World War II the BGN
mandate expanded to include foreign geographic names.43
U.S. Geological Survey: 1951-1957
In 1951 chronic sinus issues made it difficult for him to
tolerate the humid Washington D.C. climate and the family
moved to drier Denver, Colorado based on advice from
Greenacre’s doctor. Here he worked on topographical maps of
the Northwestern United States at the U.S. Geological
Survey’s field office.44
He also worked as a cartographer for a
private engineering company and during this time his sons
James and Timothy were born.45
The family’s stay in Denver
was short-lived however as congenital health issues affecting
5-year-old Jim, Jr. would force the family to move once
again.46
(Private communications, J. E. Greenacre, Jr., 2011).
Figure 7. Images by J. Greenacre, March 28, 1938. (top) Johnson
County, KY. C & O Mounds. View of center sections of mound.
(bottom) Johnson County, KY. C & O Mounds. WPA/TVA (Image
Archive, Univ of Tennessee Libraries, Knoxville, TN).
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 4 2013-07-28
U.S.A.F. Aeronautical Chart and
Information Center: 1957-1973
In 1957 the Greenacre family moved to St. Louis, Missouri to
be in close proximity to an endocrinologist who specialized in
the treatment of his son Jim’s adrenal hyperplasia. (Private
communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr., 2010). Greenacre quickly
secured employment as a terrestrial military cartographer with
the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information
Center’s (ACIC) national headquarters initially managing map
production in the Information Section47
and later advancing to
classified work in the Research Division (Private
communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr., 2011). It was at the ACIC
in 1961 where Greenacre was drawn into his third and final
career becoming a U.S. Air Force lunar cartographer-observer
for NASA’s Project Apollo at Lowell Observatory in
Flagstaff, Arizona. (See Figure 8).
Two years into this position Greenacre would witness his
first transient lunar phenomena (TLP) episode on October 30,
1963 (UT) with fellow cartographer-observer Edward M Barr.
Greenacre was reportedly “dumbfounded”48
on this night when
the first two reddish TLP suddenly began to form and brighten
20 minutes into his observing run obscuring the lunar surface
below them and both manifesting small white points of light
streaming outward in a “downward motion” over the lunar
topography.49
Greenacre, obviously caught off guard by the
TLP, later lamented that “After it’s all over, you feel kind of
stupid of course, to think of all the things you could have been
doing but didn’t.”50
On November 28, 1963 he would witness
a second TLP episode again with Barr as well as with ACIC
scientific illustrator Fred Dungan and Lowell Observatory
Director John S. Hall.51
James E. Greenacre, Jr. recalled
during family breakfast on the Saturday morning following the
November event, “My father was kind of in awe as to what he
had witnessed.” (Private communication 2011). These were
the only two times TLP were ever reported by observers
associated with the USAF Moon-mapping program.52
Details
on these TLP observations were published, with approval of
the USAF in: the December 1963 Sky and Telescope
Magazine53
, in the proceedings of a symposium on lunar
geological problems in May
1964 at the New York Academy
of Sciences54
, in a May 1964
USAF report, Lunar Color
Phenomena55
, and in the
Autumn of 1965, he presented a
paper, “Red Spots, Recent
Observations” at a National
Academy of Sciences to a lunar
symposium at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena,
California.56
Greenacre remained with
the ACIC Lowell lunar-
mapping program for eight
years eventually becoming
Acting Chief in 1967.57
In this
position he and illustrator-
program manager, Terry
McCann58
, oversaw refinements
of the original Lunar
Aeronautical Chart Series
(LACs) and other mapping
projects based on imagery from
NASA’s Lunar Orbiters (1966-
1967).59
Greenacre was also one
of the ACIC members who was responsible for deciding
which chart versions were sent to NASA for final Apollo
mission planning.60
(See Figure 9).
Figure 8. Greenacre charting the lunar surface at the 24-inch Clark refractor at Lowell Observatory.
(Courtesy Greenacre Family).
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 5 2013-07-28
Greenacre was the first ACIC full-time observer-
cartographer to join the program in September 1961 and the
last to leave Flagstaff after overseeing the Lowell station
closing in September 1969.61
(See Figure 10).62
Greenacre
returned to the ACIC in St. Louis in late 1969 resuming
cartographic work there until taking early retirement in 1973.63
Retirement: 1973-1994
After retiring from the ACIC Jim and his wife Doris remained
in a suburb of St. Louis for a short while until chronic arthritis
led them to seek a drier climate. They had initially intended to
return to Flagstaff but finally decided to return to Colorado.64
There they together
managed the
Wellington Hotel in
Wellington, Colorado
north of Fort Collins for
several years.
Eventually they moved
back to Fort Collins and
became active in local
historical preservation
projects.65
Greenacre continued
working part time
managing irrigation
systems in Livermore
for Poudre Irrigation,
Co. and for the Old
Fort Collins Water
Works. He also served as archeological consultant during this
time for Meadow Springs Ranch Project north of Fort Collins
as anthropology and archeology had remained his life-long
passions. (See Figure 11).
In 1988 he began receiving radiation treatments for
prostate cancer (Private communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr.,
2011) and in the early 1990s, now in his late 70s, Greenacre’s
health continued to fail until he passed away at the age of 80
Figure 9. (top) Greenacre in 1967 as Acting Chief of ACIC Lunar
Observation Section in front of a Lunar Orbiter V (LO) Aristarchus
mosaic. (bottom) Greenacre inspecting a version of the first edition
Lunar Far Side Chart (LFC-1). This chart was based on LO images
and released in August 1967. (Courtesy Greenacre Family).
Figure 11. James Greenacre (far right) in 1980 at the age of 66
revisiting the Lindenmeier Folsom Man Site, north Larimer County,
Colorado where he had worked on excavations in his youth.
(Courteusy Fort Collins History Connection).
Figure 10. Greenacre in the ACIC
Lowell Observatory Lunar Section
office shortly before its closure in
Sept. 1969. (“Mission Accomplished”
Arizona Daily Sun, August 19, 1969).
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 6 2013-07-28
from lung cancer at the Poudre Hospital in Fort Collins
on November 21, 1994.66
He was buried on November 28th
at
Grandview Cemetery, Ft. Collins, Colorado. (See Figure 12).
In 1996, the Northern Colorado Chapter of the Colorado
Archeological Society established the James C. Greenacre
Scholarship Fund using a donation from Doris Greenacre in
memory of her husband.67
Doris passed away in Fort Collins
on March 24, 2001. Jim and Doris Greenacre are survived by
daughter Sabra Minkus (b. 1941) and sons James (b. 1952)
and Timothy (b. 1954), 19 grandchildren and 22 great
grandchildren. (Private communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr.,
2012).
Acknowledgements
The authors thank James C. Greenacre’s eldest son, James E.
Greenacre, Jr. and his wife Denise Greenacre for providing
information and images for this biography. We also thank
Tiffani Righero, Research Assistant, Fort Collins Local
History Archive for relevant biographical material and
additional images and Lauren Amundson, Lowell Observatory
Archivist, for her assistance in accessing relevant documents.
Addresses: RO: P.O. Box 1963, Keystone Heights, FL 32656. [admin
“at” the1963aristarchusevents.com] AC: Institute of Mathematical and
Physical Sciences University of Wales Aberystwyth, Penglais,
Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BZ, WALES, UNITED KINGDOM.
[atc “at” aber.ac.uk] Website: www.the1963aristarchusevents.com
References and notes
1 Greenacre J. C., ‘The 1963 Aristarchus Events’, The New York Academy of
Sciences Annals, 123(2), (1965 July), pp. 811-816. Greenacre presented this paper at the conference entitled Geological Problems in Lunar Research held by The New York Academy of Sciences on 1964 May 16-19.
2 O’Connell, R. & Cook, A., ‘Revisiting The 1963 Aristarchus Events’, J.
Brit. Astron. Assoc., 123(4) pp. 197-208, (2013 August)
3 James E. Greenacre, Jr., born 1952. 4 Hartwig, T., 'Oral Interview with Doris and James Greenacre', (1976), p. 2,
transcript in Fort Collins Local History Archive, [Archive at the Fort
Collins Museum of Discovery, 408 Mason Court, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80524, (970) 221-6688]. (Manuscript received via post 2011 Jan 31);
Editor. 1994, 'Greenacre Obituary', Fort Collins Triangle Review, 30 Nov
1994 5 Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, p. 16.
6 Baker, T., 'Oral History with Focus on Sandia Cave: Interview with James
and Doris Greenacre’ (1983), serial line entries 676 and 682 in Baker, T. 2005 transcription of his 1983 Mar 6 taped interview with the Greenacres.
Accessible at: http://www.ele.net/sandia_cave/greenacre.htm (Accessed
2010 Nov 03). 7 MacArthur, D., ‘Archeologist packs lots into life, now he's being honored’,
Fort Collins Triangle Review, 1988 Feb 17
8 Colorado A&M (Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts) was renamed Colorado State University (CSU) in 1957. See:
http://www.colostate.edu/features/facts-figures.aspx (Accessed 2013 Jun
13). 9 Baker, T., 'The Elephant in the Parlor: Another story of Sandia Cave',
(2005), in web-based document, Section: ‘The Settings and Characters:
Greenacre’ at: http://www.ele.net/sandia_cave/elephant.htm (accessed 2010 Nov 03). This portion of document based on 1983 Mar 6 a taped interview
with Jim and Doris Greenacre, Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5. 10 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entries 676-682
11 Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, p. 14. Also clarified year and reason for
transfer in private communication, James E. Greenacre, Jr. (2011). 12 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 231
13 Twia News, New Mexico Anthropologist, (1938), 2(3), p. 65.
14 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 171-174 15 Sherman, D., ‘Greenacre helped unearth one of world's greatest finds’, Ft.
Collins Triangle Review, 1994 Nov 23; MacArthur 1988, op. cit. ref. 6, p.
17; Baker T. 1983/2005, op. cit. ref. 5, serial line entry 1341. 16 Hartwig 1976, op. cit. ref. 3, p. 85
17 Ibid., p. 86
18 Sherman 1994, op. cit., ref. 14, p. 17 19 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 658
20 Ibid., serial line entry 658
21 Ibid., serial line entry 1527 22 Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, p. 14
23 Ibid., p. 14.; Baker 2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 149
24 Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, p. 14 25 WWII veteran and noted archeologist Charles T.R. Bohannan with whom
Greenacre worked at various archeological sites became his closest life-long
friend (Private communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr. 2010). 26 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1529. The Works
Progress Administration (WPA) (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects
Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency employing millions to carry out public works projects. From Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works Progress_Administration. (accessed
2011 Nov 3).
27 MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6; Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3
28 Various authors: MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref 6; Lyon, E., A., ‘A New
Deal for Southeastern Archaeology’, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, (1996) p. 99; 1987, 'The New Deal and Kentucky Archeology
Photographs of Relief Labor for Service', University of Kentucky Museum of
Anthropology, Lexington (1987); Webb, W. S. & Snow, C. S., ‘The Adena People’ The University of Tennessee Press, Lexington (2001), p. 5; Haag,
W. G., 'Early Horizons in the Southeast', American Antiquity, 7(3), footnote
40, p. 218 (1942); Wright, J. V., 'The Development of Prehistory in Canada, 1935-1985', American Antiquity, 50(2), p. 421-433 & (Caption 5) (1985);
Jefferies, R. W., ‘Holocene Hunter-Gatherers of the Lower Ohio Valley’,
The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, p. 42 (2008); For Greenacre’s numerous recollections of his life and work during this period
see Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3 and Baker 2005, op. cit., ref 5
29 Unpublished obituary of James C. Greenacre by the Greenacre Family, (1994).
30 Greenacre recalled in 1983 “That was another reason I think I got (hired)
on (for ACIC Lowell lunar mapping program,), cause they looked for
Figure 12. Greenacre headstone, Grandview Cemetery, Ft. Collins,
Colorado. (Image: G. Hazard)
© 2013 R. O’Connell & A. Cook 7 2013-07-28
someone that knew a little bit of photography and I guess I was the only
one, because Bill (Cannell) didn't know any photography.” In Baker 2005, op. cit., ref. 4, serial line entry 1692. Greenacre built and initially managed
the first ACIC darkroom for developing film taken through the 24-inch
Clark refractor at Lowell. 31 See invitation letter dated 1987 Aug 19 to James C. Greenacre from Mary-
Lucus Powell and David Pollack from the University of Kentucky,
Lexington. Letter in Fort Collins Local History Archive, op. cit., ref. 3, (copy received via post 2011 Jan 31)
32 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 157
33 See Wikipedia entry for U. S. Army Map Service at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Map_Service (accessed 2013 Jun 13).
34 Greenacre D., Morris A. (Ed.), ‘The History of Larimer County, Colorado’,
Sec. F176 – ‘Greenacre-Brollier Family’ (1985) in Fort Collins Local History Archive; Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1627;
MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6;
35 MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6 36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.; Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, pp. 76-77
38 Hartwig 1976, op. cit., ref. 3, p. 77; Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entries 1629-1637
39 Greenacre 1985, op. cit., ref. 33, Sec F176; MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref.
6. In the article, reference is made to the ‘Division of Place Names’ which was actually the Geographic Names Branch of the Army Map Service.
(Clarification – private communication, J. E. Greenacre, Jr., 2011) 40 MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6.
41 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 692; MacArthur 1988, op.
cit., ref. 6 42 Greenacre 1985, op. cit., ref. 33, Sec F176; Baker 2005, op. cit., ref. 5,
serial line entry 692; MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6
43 See: ‘U.S. Board on Geographic Names’ website at: http://geonames.usgs.gov/
44 Editor. 1994, 'Greenacre Obituary', Fort Collins Triangle Review, 1994
Nov 30 45 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1644
46 MacArthur 1988, op. cit., ref. 6
47 Ibid and Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1650 48 Jackson, J. H., ‘Inconstant Moon’, Analog, 74(2), (1964 October), p. 8
49 Greenacre J. C., ‘The 1963 Aristarchus Events’, The New York Academy of
Sciences Annals, 123(2), (1965 July), p. 812. Greenacre clarified several observational details in this paper presented at the conference entitled
Geological Problems in Lunar Research held by The New York Academy
of Sciences on 1964 May 16−19. Accessible at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-
6632.1965.tb20403.x/abstract (Accessed 2012-07-18)
50 Jackson 1964, op. cit., ref 47, p. 9 51 Greenacre 1965, op. cit., ref 48, pp. 811−816.
52 No other TLP were seen by the ACIC Lowell Observatory observers either
before or after The 1963 Aristarchus Events. This was confirmed by J. E. Greenacre, Jr.:“I asked him about the TLP reports at his and my mother’s
50th wedding anniversary in 1988. I flew home from the Philippines and
was there 7 days. And I had a couple of good times to talk and that was the
last time I had a chance to talk to him before he started to decline and he
started having health issues. But I asked him if he had ever seen anything
previous to or after that and he said -- ‘No.’ (Private communication 2011) 53 Greenacre, J. A., ‘A Recent Observation of Lunar Color Phenomena, Sky
and Telescope Magazine, 26(6), p. 316-317, (1963 December). NOTE:
Greenacre’s middle initial in this article’s byline was incorrectly spelled
“A”. 54 Greenacre 1965, op. cit., ref 48 55 USAF, ‘Lunar Color Phenomena: Technical Report No. 12’, USAF
Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, Ft Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, Virginia (1964 May)
56 Greenacre J. C. 1965, 'Red Spots, Recent Observations', Greenacre presented this paper at a meeting of the National Academy of Sciences,
Autumn 1965, ‘Scientific Sessions, Symposium on Surface Features of the
Moon’, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. Janice F. Goldblum, Archivist for the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) confirmed this paper was presented by Greenacre but was
unable to locate a copy in the NAS Archives. (Private communication, 2009
Dec 31)
57 Greenacre assumed the Acting Chief position once William D. Cannell, the first director of the ACIC Lunar Observation Section, left the program to
pursue a degree at the University of Virginia later in 1967. See: J. S. Hall
recommendation letter dated 1967 Jul 5 for Cannell addressed to the Office of the Dean of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia
in J. S. Hall papers, Lowell Observatory Archives, Flagstaff, Arizona.
58 For example, Terry McCann’s collaboration with Greenacre is referenced in J. C. Greenacre personal letter to W. D. Cannell (1967 Nov 15) in J. C.
Greenacre papers, Lowell Observatory Archives, Flagstaff, Arizona.
59 During the program’s eight-year span, the Lowell ACIC section produced 64 lunar charts based on telescopic observations, 25 charts and site maps
based on images from NASA’s Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter
missions and one Moon globe. See: Kopal Z. & Carder R. W., ‘Mapping of the Moon: Past and Present’ (Dordrecht-Holland/Boston: D. Reidel
Publishing Co.), (1974), p. 167
60 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1664 61 Editor, “ ‘Mission Accomplished' ACIC Director Last to Leave Flagstaff ”,
Arizona Daily Sun, Flagstaff (1969 Aug 19).
62 Full caption for Figure 10 as it appeared in the 1969 Aug 16 issue of The Arizona Daily Sun: “FLAGSTAFF SCIENTIFIC community will lose James
C. Greenacre next month as the Air Force phases out its lunar-mapping
operations at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff. Greenacre, who directed the A.F. Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (ACIC) office here, will be
transferred to the national ACIC center in St. Louis, Mo. (SUNfoto by Jim Davidson.)”
63 Baker 1983/2005, op. cit., ref. 5, serial line entry 1676
64 Hartwig 1976., op. cit., ref. 3, p. 19 65 Ibid., pp. 19-21
66 Unpublished obituary of James C. Greenacre written by the Greenacre
Family, (1994). Greenacre’s lung cancer diagnosis confirmed by J. E. Greenacre, Jr. (Private communication 2012).
67 Website of the Northern Colorado Chapter of the Colorado Archeological
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