a report on civil engineering internship at advance development technology ltd.(adtl) by mist,ce-12

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MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

REPORT ON

CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT’S INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME

2012

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO

MAHMUD AHMED Lt. Col NASIRUDDIN

201011037 LEC. FUAD YASIN HUDA

CE-12

SUMISSION DATE: 30 DEC 2012

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Group: 08

Supervisors:

Lt Col Nasiruddin

Lec Fuad Yasin Huda

Group members:

Major Mohammad Zahidul Karim

Student ID: 201011010

Major Mohammad Arifuzzaman


Mahmud Ahmed


Nabeela Nusrat Nasim


Noman Sabid


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PREFACE

The Civil Engineering Students‟ Internship Programme (CESIP) was

arranged by MIST to give us an opportunity to gain practical

knowledge of a construction project. The main goals of CESIP was to

develop practical working skill and compare the field work with

theoretical knowledge, that we have learned and deviation of

practical from theoretical specification.

This purpose of this report is to delineate the overall knowledge

earned by us during the attachment with ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT

TECHNOLOGIES Ltd. from 2nd December to 27th December. In our

internship programme we visited 6 projects. This report will include the

field experience which we have gathered in the last 28 days as well as

the relevant construction works.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises and profound gratitude to the Almighty Allah who is the most

beneficent and the most merciful for allowing great opportunity and

ability to bring this effort to fruition safely and peacefully.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude, sincere appreciation

and indebtedness to the Chief supervisor Col ASM Mahmood

Hasan,psc , Supervisor Lt.Col. Nasiruddin , Lec Fuad Yasin Huda and

Course Coordinator Maj M R K Sanaur Rahman Rashidi of Military

Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka for

their kind supervision, constant encouragement, valuable guidance,

generous help and invaluable suggestions during the course of the

internship. Also I would like to acknowledge the help and sincerity of all

the staffs in the office and site, especially Engr SM Anwar

Hossain(Chairman) , Mr. Khalequzzaman Khan(General Manager) , SM

Akram Hossain (Executive Director), Engr Omar Faruque Ahmed

(Executive Director - technical), Major(retd) Md. Alamgir Siddiquee

(Chief Engr of Construction) ,Shabana Ashraf Khan ( Chief Architect) ,

Engr. Munir Ahmed, Engr(Director RMC) Md. Shamsur Rahman(Asst

Chief engr of RMC) , Engr Robin Mollick (Sr. Site Engr),Engr S.M Musa,

Engr Md. Golam Samdani, Engr. Sharif(Asst Chief Engr) , Engr. Zia , Engr.

Shamol , Engr. Rezaul Karim.

The overall environment of learning was very friendly and

adoptive. We sincerely express all my gratitude to “ADVANCED

DEVELOPMENT & TECHNOLOGIES Ltd” to let us have this great

opportunity of internship.

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OBJECTIVES OF CESIP

1. To orient students with the practical civil engineering works.

2. To allow students to apply their theoretical knowledge into practical

fields.

3. To allow the students gathering practical experiences.

To allow the students understand planning, design, drawing of

construction project works, concern companies‟ legal matters of office

work as well as site management

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INTRODUCTION

Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum

conversion of the resources of nature to benefit man. New design

philosophy, concepts, theories and applications in Civil Engineering are

brought to limelight by researchers. Civil Engineering concerns the

design, manufacture, maintenance and management of infrastructure

such as roads, bridges and buildings. It is about the creation,

improvement and protection of a sustainable physical and natural built

environment. It is a great art on which a civilized society depends. And

to give general knowledge about practical works those we, the

students learned and still learning, internship programme is very

important. It makes a bridge between theoretical knowledge and

practical consideration, difficulties obtained during work, having

knowledge about legal agreements between the clients and the

organization that are directly in contact with the construction activities.

CESIP (Civil Engineering Students Internship Programme) an initiative

taken by MIST to provide career oriented applied education and

bridge the gap between theory and practice, and provide us with

practical, field-based, real-world experiences.

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AIM

1. To know how to apply the engineering knowledge in construction

sites taught in the class rooms.

2. To gain engineering experience and knowledge which is required

in practical engineering life, where these are not taught in the lecture

rooms.

3. To point out the difference between theoretical and practical

approach and the reason behind it.

4. To understand the planning, design, drawing and execution of

any civil engineering project.

5. To get a feel of the work environment.

6. Know about engineer’s responsibilities and ethics.

7. To gain knowledge of office management & site management.

8. To face different problems in practical works and learn to

overcome them.

9. To know the mode of conduct with client, labors & others as an

engineer.

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ATTACHED WITH

Advanced development technologies Ltd (ADTL)

Chairman: Engineer SM Anwar Hossain

Co-ordinator: Mr. Khalequzzaman Khan, GM,

Corporate Affairs

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COMPANY OVER VIEW AND PROJECT

Advanced Development Technologies Ltd (ADTL)

1. One of the leading real estate companies in Bangladesh

2. Specializes in developing luxury apartment complexes in prime

locations of the city

3. The overseas Corporate & Liaison Office in Bangladesh of

Bangladesh-British Chamber of Commerce (BBCC)-UK was established

in 2001 at the Corporate Head Office building of Advanced

Development Technologies at Dhaka

4. Advanced is now known as Chamber's Regional Head quarter in

Bangladesh

5. Chairman has been appointed the First ever Regional President

Bangladesh

6. An active member of Real Estate & Housing Association of

Bangladesh (REHAB).

Various Departments Of The Company

The company is well organized and running successfully through the

following efficient departments.

1. Administration & Logistic

2. Accounts & Finance

3. Engineering & Design

4. Marketing & Customer Service

5. Planning & Procurement

6. HR & Corporate

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Advanced Sister Concerns

1. Advanced Ready mix concrete industry

2. Advanced EPS (expanded polystyrene) industry

3. Advanced BP(brick plant) industry

4. Advanced kitchen solutions

THE PROJECTS OF THE COMPANY

At present, ADTL has Thirty three (33) apartment building projects at

hand in the most prestigious areas of the city such as Gulshan, Banani,

Baridhara, Dhanmondi and Uttara. Sixty four (64) completed apartment

buildings have already been handed over to its clients. Another Twenty

(20) apartment buildings will be handed over very soon.

Ongoing Projects

Advanced noorani tower

Plot: Banani

Advanced monjulica

Plot:269 , road:15A , Dhanmondi , Dhaka

Apartment size:1560-2200 sft

Eskaton Fantasia

Opposite to JONOKONTHO BHABON, Eskaton

Rose Marinus

Plot: Siddik bazaar

Advanced Melinda

Plot: Malibagh

Baridhara Crown

Plot: J block Baridhara

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Mega Projects

Advanced Police Town

Location –Savar

Completed Projects

Gulshan:

The Reeve

Plot: 11, road: 33, Gulshan, Dhaka-1212.

Apartment size: 1870-2200 sft.

Palma vista



Salton Myers


Apartment size: 3050 sft.

Park Avilya



Banani:

Le Mont

Plot: 30, road: 16, Banani , Dhaka-1213.


Suns Pree

Plot: 06, Kamal Attaturk Avenue, Banani , Dhaka-1213

Commercial complex

Baridhara:

Elizabeth House

Plot: 23, road: 06, Baridhara , Dhaka.


Uttara:

Celosia

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Plot: 12, road: 04, sector-3, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230.


Park Fiona

Plot: 12, road: 03, sector-7, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230.


Angelica

Plot: 82, sector-11, Sonargaon janapath,Uttara Model Town , Dhaka-

1230.

Apartment size: 1330 sft

Montieliier

Plot: 03, road: 14/c, sector-4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230.


Mirpur:

Silverweed

Plot: 19, road: 02, section-12, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka.


Midtown:

Baily Ritz

1, New Baily Road, Dhaka.

Apartment size: 910-2070 sft

Baily Fiesta

1/2, New Baily Road, Dhaka.


Shop size: 83-494 sft

Baily Ballerina

144, New Baily Road, Dhaka.

Lauren Vista

169, Elephant Road, Dhaka.



Roslyn Vista

109, Siddique Bazar, Dhaka.



Gloriana

Plot-16, Purana paltana,Dhaka.

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Training Program Covers The Following Sites

Advanced Police Town Location: Kornopara, Savar

Advanced Police Town- key plan

Police town is divided into three groups

1. Police town (consisting of six 11-storied building)

2. Block-a (consisting of five 11-storied building )

3. Block-b (consisting of seventeen 8-11-storied building)

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Eskaton Fantasia Location: New Eskaton road

It is a commercial cum Residential building.

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Advanced Melinda

Location: Malibagh

Up to 2nd floor the building will be used for commercial purpose.

Rests of the floors are constructed as apartments.

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Baridhara Crown

Location: J Block Baridhara

There are three multistoried residential building.

For pilling pre-cast piles are used.

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ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

Construction Management

Construction management or construction project management

(CPM) is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project

from inception to completion aimed at meeting a client‟s requirements

in order to produce a functionally and financially viable project.

Functions

The functions of construction project management typically include the

following:

1. Specifying project objectives and plans including delineation of

scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and

selecting project participants.

2. Maximizing resource efficiency through procurement of labor,

materials and equipment.

3. Implementing various operations through proper coordination

and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and

construction in the entire process.

4. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for

resolving conflicts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_Communication

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Project Implementation

Approach To A Project

1. Land

2. Preliminary Analysis of Project

3. Design

4. Manpower and Equipment

5. Construction

6. Legal Aspects

Chairman

Executive Director

AGM/Chief Engineer

Project Manager

Project In charge

Site Engineer/ Store Assistant

Contractor

Forman

Labour

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Steps Analyzing Land

1. Area where it is situated

2. Nature of the surroundings

3. Total amount of the area

4. Existing condition of the site

5. Land acquiring policy (purchase or contract with owner)

Preliminary Analysis of Project

1. Analysis of current market trade

2. Comparison of possible construction cost & market price

3. Analysis of company’s policy, standard in the proposed project

site

Design: Architectural

1. To maximize & properly utilize the proposed site area

2. Depends on company’s policy & choice

3. Aesthetic view is the vital part

4. Architect visits the site also to ensure proper design

Design: Structural

1. Structural design are done based on architectural drawing &

other input (Soil test)

2. The layouts & dimensions are kept as per the architectural

drawing unless serious structural change is needed

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Design: Building Service

1. Consist of Electrical & Plumbing design

2. Optimum use of components is a must

3. Aesthetic view is also a important factor

Mobilizing Manpower and Equipment

1. Assigning project- in charge.

2. Recruiting contractor and labor.

3. Selecting material and equipment.

4. Preparing project work schedule and time frame.

Legal Aspects

Permission from 11 agencies must be obtained before commencing

any project. Agencies are as follow:

1. Civil aviation

2. DESA/DESCO

3. WASA

4. Titas Gas

5. City Corporation

6. Ward Commissioner

7. Fire Service and Civil Defence

8. Dhaka Transport Coordination Board

9. Traffic Police

10. RAJUK

11. Environment Department

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EXPERIENCE OF THE WORK

Site preparation

1. Material storage

Fig: Stacking of Brick Fig: Coarse Aggregates

2. Transport facility

3. Worker accommodation

4. Ensuring utility service:

a. Electricity

b. Water supply

c. Gas

5. Site exploration(Fixing the datum of the according to FGL )

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Soil test & analysis

1. Samples in the disturbed and undisturbed state were taken to the

laboratory for necessary tests. The following tests were performed:

a) Grain size analysis

b) Moisture content

c) Specific Gravity

d) Atterberg Limit

e) Density

f) Unconfined Compression

2. For Police Town: Soil test report suggested depth of foundation is

3.5m below EGL. Recommended allowable bearing capacity is 14

ton/m2 at this depth.

Alternatively piled foundation may be considered. They preferred

bored cast-in-situ RCC pile. Such a pile of diameter 450 mm having tip

level at a depth of 15.0 m below EGL is expected to carry around 50

tons per pile in compression which should be confirmed by load test

results.

3. For Baridhara Crown: Soil test couldn‟t be done for adequate

location. They use pre cast pile of 55-60 ft length having crushing

strength of 4740 psi and site engineer couldn‟t show the soil report.

There are three buildings of 8-13 storied.

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Building construction

Pile

A pile is a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or wood.

A pile is either driven into the soil or formed in-situ by excavating a hole

and filling it with concrete. It is used to strengthen the soil so that the

ground able to support the load of the building.

Machine

1. Chisel

2. Cutting Edge

3. Casing

4. Winch Machine

5. Drilling Rod

6. Trim Pipe

Cast In Situ Pile

Water house

Temporary water house for supplying water during boring.

Fig: Water house

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Centering

Centering is the determination of Centre point of the pile. It needs high

precision to align the Centre of the pile. Accurate placement of piles

depends on the centering. Set up the rig stand and centering the chisel

with pile point by dropping water. In practical ground piles are

centered by dropping water .If water from sizzle drop exactly on top of

pile pointing ,then centering is okay, if not then moving the tripod and

adjust the pile centering.

Boring

Boring started by dropping chisel. After boring 5‟ to 6‟ (depending on

soil) then remove it & insert the caging pipe (12‟ to 15‟ length) into the

soil. After pushing the caging pipe then again boring started &

continued up to desired depth. Water inserted into the caging by hose

pipe & subsequently mud is out flowing through the caging.

Fig:Boring

Washing

Washing is done to clear the inside of borehole. Washing is done by

pure water. Duration of washing continues till the washed water is

clean Washing up to get the without or with less muddy or sandy water

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(normally 20 to 30 minutes).To resist caving during wash boring some

material chlorine, vent urine, Potash alum etc.

Reinforcement Placing

Reinforcement cage is placed inside the borehole with help of rig. A

definite clear cover should be kept all around the cage. To maintained

the clear cover chair is welded with sides of reinforce bar or place a

round concrete block. Maintained the clear cover at side is 3” and

bottom is 1‟ and no spiral tie provided up to 2‟ from EGL.

Fig: Placing of Ring Fig: Spiral Tie

Fig: Clear cover with sperical block Fig: Reinforcement Caging

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Casting

Casting was done with the help of a funnel and trim pipe. Funnel helps

to pour the mixture and trim pipe is connected with the funnel. Casting

is started from the bottom of pile to avoid segregation. During making

mixture special attention should be paid to ensure the mixing ratio.

After casting the cage is mildly vibrated to fill the void areas.

Pre Cast Pile

Why precast pile is used

1. Pile driving procedure is Easy.

2. Quality control can be ensured.

3. There wasn‟t any structure surrounding the site which can be

harmed due to vibration during Pile driving.

4. Precast Pile Driving is relatively quicker than cast-in-situ.

Casting of precast pile

1. For casting of Precast Pile a pile bed is constructed.

2. The Pile bed constructed by leveling the ground, then laying a

layer of brick flat soling & above that a layer of CC is provided.

3. After drying of CC layer sand is scattered all over the place.

4. Usually a pile bed has a length of 50 feet

5. Formwork of pile is installed for alternative pile.

6. Re-bar cage is installed in the formwork

7. Then Concreting is done

8. Curing is done.

9. After 28 days Formworks are removed.

10. Then in the free space left behind previously, Re-bar cage is

installed.

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11. Before casting them casted piles must protect by polythene or

Lime to prevent adhesion of two piles.

12. Then Casting & curing of the new Pile is done.

Pile driving procedure

1. At first The Pile Rig is centered at the correct position

2. The points of piling were marked before

3. Each pile is dragged to the rig by Hydraulic jack

4. Then installed with pile driving head & Cushion

5. In our site, Piles were driven By Diesel Hammer

6. To avoid damage by bending, the piles were driven from a fixed

frame having sufficient rigidity to ensure accuracy of driving

7. Each Designed Pile Length was 55-60 feet

Fig: Diesel Hammer Fig: Centering of Precast Pile

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Fig: Storage of Pile Fig: Driving of Pile

Pile Cap

A mass of reinforced concrete cast around the head of a group of piles

to ensure that they act as a unit to support the imposed load.

Construction of pile caps starts after piling has been performed

1. Excavator dig hole to level of pile cap base Manual digging and

leveling using hoe Lean concrete about 50 mm for easy work area

Cutting-off pile tops up to Cut-off level

2. The level where pile caps are constructed is known as Cut off

level.

3. Install pile cap formwork

4. Install pile cap reinforcement

5. Install pile stump reinforcement

6. Alignment and strengthening of pile cap formwork and

Reinforcements

7. Concreting Pile cap

8. Stump formwork

9. Concreting

10. Remove formworks

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Fig: Breaking of Pile Cap Fig: Pile Cap Reinforcement

Fig: Casting of Pile Cap Fig: Casting of Pile Cap

Fig: Curing of Pile Cap

Column

1. The vertical support which is free from all sides taking the load of

beam slab etc. and transfers the load to the earth independently is

called column.

2. Column is constructed with the help of steel bars and cement

concrete. In case of multi storey and frame structure building

constructions, the entire load is born by columns and the floor area/

internal space of building is freely adjusted according to the

requirement.

3. The size, cement concrete ratio and numbers of steel bars with

their diameter are available in structural drawings which are designed

according to the load born by the column and factor of safety.

Fig: Column

Column before Casting

Column after Casting

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Provision for Columns

1. Size:

a. Each side of column should be at least 12 in.

b. Shorter to longer side ratio ≥ 0.4

2. Lap splices

a. Within the middle half of column length.

b. Tie spacing at lap splice is d/4 or 4 in., whichever is less; where

d is effective depth along least dimension of col.

c. According to BNBC the lapping length of compressive

member of a structure is 50 times the diameter of the main bar

and lapping length of tensile member is 40 times the diameter

of the main bar. But practically column is designed considering

lapping length 40 times the diameter of main bar.

d. In a cross section, the lapping should not be given more than

50% of the total reinforcement.

3. Clear cover: Clear cover of column should be:

a. 1.5 in. (all side) for superstructures.

b. Minimum 2.5 in. for substructure.

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Fig: Mixing Material

Fig: Mixing Machine Fig: Ferra

Ferra Coarse

aggregate

(Stone chips)

Sylhet sand

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Fig: Hoist Machine and concrete work

Fig: Column Shuttering

Steel Shuttering

Wooden

Shuttering

Steel prop

Turn Bolt

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Fig: Shutter Clip

Mixings of concrete:

The ingredients of concrete (cement, sand, aggregate, water etc.) can

be mixed by two processes.

1. By weight

2. By volume

The standard method of preparing concrete by weight basis. But at

most of the sites concrete is prepared measuring the ingredients by

volume.

Column Casting Procedure

After the construction of foundation and pedestal the construction of

column is started. The process of construction is following.

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Fig: Column

Reinforcement

1. Tie of all rings around and into vertical steel bars according to

design.

2. Fixing form work of required size with vertical steel bars.

3. Laying of cement concrete is done in 3 steps:

Step 01:

Column Kicker: Before making a column a special type of concrete

arrangement is made which is named as kicker. The thickness of kicker

is generally 6”-9”. It is given:

a. To make proper alignment of the shuttering and the proposed

column.

b. To make the column as per the grid line.

c. To make the column bar straight when the column bar buckles

after completing the casting of the slab.

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Fig: Column Kicker

Step 02:

After casting column kicker 50% of total length of column is casted.

Step 03:

Then remaining 50% is casted.

Step 02 and 03 are done separately to avoid segregation.

Fig: Column Casting

Kicker

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At last ensuring proper curing of RCC column.

Fig: Curing

The things a site engineer should observe:

1. Before column casting:

a. Number of bar & diameter of bar as per design.

b. Length of lapping of two bars and position of lapping.

c. Number of tie bar.

d. Angle of tie that is important for earthquake resistance.

e. Providing seismic hook to make the structure earthquake

resistance.

f. Vertical level check of column shutter.

g. Maintain the clear cover.

h. Gap of shutter blocked by steel sheet.

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2. During Column Casting:

a. Proportion of mixing of materials of concrete.

b. Maintenance of water/cement ratio.

c. Testing of consistency by slump test.

d. Proper use of vibrator.

e. Prohibition of segregation on concrete.

f. Surface condition of the aggregate.

g. Placement of aggregate before use.

3. After column casting: (Curing of concrete column)

a. 10 days required to gain the strength.

b. Curing is needed for 21 days after casting.

c. Jute or foam sheet is provided the moisture cannot be

evaporated.

Site observation: Location: Police Town (Savar)

1. Clear cover of column is very important part of column. A

concrete block is used to maintain clear cover. In site it cannot be

maintained properly because:

2. As the block which is used to maintain clear cover sometimes falls

while using vibrator for column casting. So clear cover is not always

uniform.

3. Due to the congested placement of rod. Sometimes eccentricity

occurs which causes deviations.

4. Lapping of column is another important factor. Lapping length

and placement were done properly as per design except some

columns.

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Fig: Lapping Of Column

a. According to BNBC at

lapping tie should be spaced

at d/4. But tie was spaced all

through at same distance.

Fig: Column tie at same spacing

Lapping

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5. At police town they provided seismic hook in every column to

make the structure earthquake resistant. The bending of seismic hook is

6db; where db is the diameter of the main bar.

Fig: Seismic hook

Fig: Seismic Hook Detailing.

Cross tie

Seismic Hook

Column

Lapping

6 db

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6. These bricks are used to make the column vertical.

Fig: Vertical of column

7. Sometimes number and placement of the bars is not proper. But

we observed that the number and placing of bar was proper.

Fig: Good column reinforcement.

Brick

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8. To resist the shear stress there should not be any tie bar at the top

of the shuttering. But in some columns at the top of the shuttering we

saw tie bars. This was one of the deviations.

Fig: Tie just below the shuttering

9. Steel shuttering was used but due to leakage honeycomb

occurred in some places.

Fig: Honeycomb

Tie Bar

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10. For last column at roof the development length (12db) was

maintained properly. But sometimes it is extended up to 2.5 ft.

11. Jute or foam tape is provided so that moisture cannot be absorbed.

Fig: Jute Tape

12. Void was caused during lapping of column.

Fig: Void due to lapping (Location: Baridhara Crown; Baridhara)

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Beam:

1. A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding

load primarily by resisting bending.

2. Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also

be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or

wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls,

or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent

structural compression members.

Fig: Beam

Beam

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Provision for Frame Beams:

1. Width-to-depth ratio ≥ 0.3.

2. Beam Width ≥ 10 in.

3. Clear cover of beam: 1.5 in.

4. Lapping of Bar: L/2 (for extra top bar)

L/3 (for bottom bar); where L is the beam span.

5. Transverse reinforcement:

a. The first hoops must be located not more than 2 in from

the face of the supporting member.

b. hoops as per calculation but spacing not to exceed d/2.

Equipment and Materials used:

1. Ready Mix concrete (RMC)

2. Reinforcement

3. Vibrator

4. Shuttering (steel or timber)

Fig: Vibrator Fig: Shuttering of beam

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Beam Casting:

Fig: Beam is monolithically casted with slab.

The things a site engineer observes for beam casting:

1. Checking the layout according to drawing.

2. Check the beam dimensions.

3. Check the shutter of beam.

4. Check the spacing, alignment, no. of main rod, binder & crank.

5. Check the bend of top bar with a support (mattum check).

6. Check the blocks that are provided for maintain the clear cover.

7. Check the lapping of beam.

8. Dimensions of extra top if mentioned in design.

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Site Observation: Location: police town(Savar)

1. Clear cover was maintained by concrete block.

Fig: Concrete block to maintain clear cover

2. It is difficult to maintain clear cover where one beam overlaps

with another. So beam is designed considering clear cover 2.5 in.

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3. Reinforcement of discontinuous beam was at the top of

continuous beam. If both beams are continuous then shorter length is

placed before long beam.

Fig: Beam –Beam Joint

4. For the development length of beam bar is bent before the tie of

column.

Fig: Beam rod is bent before tie of column

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a. If there was 2 layer of reinforcement at top or bottom

separator bar was used between layers to avoid friction. There is

no specification of the spacing. Normally they place the bars

after 4-5 ft.

Fig: Separator bar

b. At beam section mid bar was used as per design to resist

twisting moment.

c. Overall lapping of beam was maintained.

d. Placement of shuttering was done properly. But most of the

time timber shuttering was used instead of steel so there was

possibility of leakage.

e. Vibrator was not always used vertically so it may cause

some of the deviations.

Fig: Using of vibrator (not vertical)

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Beam-Column Joint:

It is the most critical point of a structure. At the beam column joint due

to smaller column section the beam reinforcements got congested. It

creates a problem while casting as the aggregates will not be able to

pass though.

Fig: Beam-Column Joint

During the placement of bar, the bars of beam pass between the

reinforcement of column so that column bar can hold the beam.

Fig: Beam reinforcement passing through column reinforcement.

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Grade Beam:

Fig: Grade Beam

A reinforced concrete beam placed directly on the ground to provide

the foundation for the superstructure

1. The beam is always constructed up to EGL.

2. The first beam of structure that jointed with column to column.

3. Provided to reduce the slenderness effect of ground floor column.

4. Have an advantage to hold the columns together during

earthquake.

5. If basement is provided then grade beam act as ground floor

slab beam.

6. From pile cap to PL the land is filled & compacted with sand.

7. Transmit the wall load at ground floor to the nearest column &

reduces the possibility of local settlement of wall at ground floor.

Grade Beam

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Site Observation: Location: Baridhara Crown

1. Clear cover was not maintained properly. (Clear cover should be

2.5-3 in.)

Fig: Grade beam (no concrete block to maintain clear cover)

2. Shuttering was not used properly.

Fig: Timber shuttering

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Stair

Stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs are names for

a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing

it into smaller vertical distances, called steps.

Fig: Stair Components

Casting Of Stairs:

The observation during construction includes:

1. Proper leveling.

2. Proper placement of reinforcement.

3. Arrangement of reinforcement.

4. Size of rise and tread.

5. Number of rise.

6. Understanding the drawing.

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Site observation: location: police town (Savar)

1. Mixing ratio is 1 : 2 : 4

2. Used 12 mm diameter bar at 4in. spacing.

3. For binder use 10 mm diameter bar

4. Maintain ¾ inch clear cover

5. Waist slab thickness 8”

6. Tread is 10” & rise is 6”

7. Stair was constructed with two flights.

8. Chair was used to distinguish between two layers of

reinforcement.

Fig: Chair

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Shear wall:

1. A vertical lateral-force-resisting element in a structure assigned to

resist wind or earthquake generated lateral forces. Depending on

detailing and transfer mechanisms, a shear wall can be load-bearing.

2. In general, these walls are continuous throughout the building

height.

3. However, some walls are discontinued at the street front or

basement level to allow for commercial or parking spaces. Usually the

wall layout is symmetrical with respect to at least one axis of symmetry.

Generally construct for:

1. Staircase wall

2. Lift pit walls

3. Underground water tank

4. Overhanging tank shear wall is used.

Fig: Lift Core (Police town, Savar)

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Fig: Overhead Water tank (Eskaton Fantasia, Eskaton)

Fig: Underground water tank (Location: Police Town, Savar)

Fig: Lift Core (Location: Police Town; Savar)

Shear Wall

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SLAB

1. Slab is one of the most important structural elements in reinforced

concrete construction.

2. Structural concrete slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces,

usually horizontal in building floors, roofs, bridges and other types of

structures.

Slab Casting

Following things must be checked by Project engineer:

Before slab casting:

1. Checking the layout according to drawing.

2. Check the beam dimensions.

3. Check the shutter of beam.

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4. Check the sheet which is provided below the reinforcement.

5. Check the spacing, alignment, no. Of main rod, binder & crank.

6. Check the bend of top bar with a support.

7. Check the blocks that are provided for maintain the clear cover.

8. Check the lapping of column.

9. Dimensions of extra top & corner reinforcement if mentioned in

design.

10. Check the electric conduit layout on slab.

11. Clear the dust on slab before casting.

During slab casting:

1. Check the leveling of slab

2. Casting the beam first

3. Using vibrator properly

4. Alignment of reinforcement

5. Dust on sheet must be cleaned

6. Repair the irregular shaped sheet

After Slab Casting:

1. 10 days required to gain the strength

2. Elevated boundary provided around the periphery of slab to hold

the curing water

3. Curing is needed for 21 days after casting

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Site Experience

Types of slab

In our project site all slab are supported by reinforcement concrete

beam and two way both is used.

Shuttering

1. Shuttering of slab should be done properly before placement of

the reinforcement.

2. Steel and wooden shutters are mostly used for casting.

3. The shutters are fixed with steel hooks and foams are placed in

the gaps. So that the bleeding of concrete may be prevented.

4. Steel props and bamboos both are used.

5. The shutters should be hooked tightly and vertical.

Fig: Shuttering

Channel

Steel props

Bamboo

Not vertical & Not

maintain spacing

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Layout of reinforcement

1. Detailing of reinforcement: In which direction moment is more

place reinforce at first than other direction reinforcement.

2. Cranked bar: Ratio of cranked bar slope is 1:6.

3. Lapping: Where moment is less lapping is provided.

4. Bind the all joints must

5. Spacing: Spacing should provide as per design.

Fig: Layout of reinforcement

Extra top Cranked bar

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Thickness & Clear cover

1. According to BNBC minimum slab thickness t>4.5 inch.

2. Due to irregular shaped sheet slab thickness reduced in many

places.

Fig: Irregular shaped sheet

3. Slab thickness increase due to reduce of the wood which is used

as shattering materials.

Fig: Reduce wood thickness

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4. Clear cover maintained by concrete block. But shape of

concrete block not maintain properly. Sometimes concrete block not

placed properly or it may displace.

Fig: Block thickness Fig: Displacement of concrete blocks

5. Clear cover bottom ¾ inch and top 1 inch.

Casting of slab

1. In our site for slab and beam casting they use ready mix

concrete. Required concrete strength is 3500 psi and they use in site

3500+500 psi strength concrete.

Fig: Casting of Slab

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2. The nozzle of the vibrator should be almost vertical with the

surface. But vibrator not properly moved. So there was a chance of

having voids between the particles.

3. Then level the slab surface.

Corner reinforcement

1. Providing that corner with diagonally with column where no

cantilever portion exists with main frame.

2. Provided to resist the torsional moment.

Fig: Corner reinforcement

Duct

1. Duct system is a rectangular spiral seamed duct set into the

structural concrete floors of buildings.

2. This duct system is used primarily to exhaust air from bathroom

fans, range hoods and clothes dryers.

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3. In which direction reinforcement cut off, 50% reinforcement

provided perpendicular in that direction.

Fig: Duct

Electrical layout

1. Electric layout pipe of the slab were denser.

2. Placement of electric pipes is not straight due to avoid crack.

Fig: Electric layout pipe.

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Field test

1. Slum test.

2. Ratio by washing.

In our site they use their own ready mix plant concrete so there is no

field test for test concrete strength.

Emergency Fire Exit

An emergency fire exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies

such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits allows for

faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to

the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. For every two flat one stair is

provided.

Fig: Emergency Fire Exit

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Interior & Exterior Finishing Work

Steps

1. Partition walls

2. Lintel.

3. False slab

4. Electric work

5. Plumbing work

6. Parapet

7. Sun shed

8. Door & windows

9. Plastering& Tiles work

10. Painting

Partition Wall

1. At first according to room layout the brick line is arranged.

2. Before starting brick work it should be approved the layout by

landowners or clients.

3. During brick placement normally use English bond. But it was not

always used .Bond is essential because it imparts strength to the brick

wall.

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Fig: Brick works (English bond)

4. Used first class brick in partition wall.

5. Before starting brick work the bricks are soaked in water at 24 hr.

Sometimes this time period was not maintained.

Fig: Soaking of Brick

6. Then drying them before use.

7. Brick work is done with mortar with ratio of cement: sand is1:6.

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Fig: Mixing of mortar

8. Cheek brick wall alignment.

9. Groove should be cut on wall for electric and others pipe setting.

10. In column and Brick wall joint chipping and grouting in done to

make the bonding good.

11. Curing for brick wall is 7 days.

Lintel

1. Lintels are provided to support the load above the opening of a

door, window or cupboard etc.

2. It acts like a beam and transfers the load vertically to the

supporting walls.

3. Width of lintel is equal to the width of the wall.

Fig: Lintel

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False Slab

1. To cover the sanitary pipe joints in toilet.

2. To provide a space to accommodate future sanitary problems.

3. Thickness of false slab 3 inch.

Fig: False slab

Electric work

1. The sub-station receives electricity supply from DESCO/REB.

2. In the sub-station the main distribution board has 3kW power,

which is supplied to the sub-distribution board with 300rm cables.

3. Then electricity of 220V is supplied to the individual buildings.

4. Generator is also available in the Sub-station which serves in the

absence of DESCO/REB electricity supply.

5. PVC pipe lines are laid before casting.

6. The vertical conduits are placed when the brick work is done up

to 7‟.

7. In case of electric wiring switchboard is placed at a height of 4‟-

6” from the floor. Desk telephone line is placed at a height of 9‟.

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Fig: Electric line lay out Fig: Electric lay out in slab

Fig: SDB Board

Plumbing Work

Plumbing services broadly include the following:

1. Entire system of water supply and distribution pipes, including

fittings and fixtures like taps, valves, tanks etc used in connection with

water supply.

2. Entire system of sanitary drainage including fittings and fixtures like

wash basins, sinks, water closets, urinals, traps, soil pipes, waste pipes,

vent pipes, sewers, septic tanks etc.

3. Entire system of storm water management including collection

and carrying of rain water (from roofs, paved areas, ground surface) to

a public storm water drain or to a pond or river.

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Water supply

1. Water supplies of whole building are indirect system, overhead

storage tank provided at roof of the building from where the water is

supplied to different floors by gravity.

2. Pipes of Various diameters are used for plumbing purpose.

3. From upper to lower floor the pipe dia gradually decreases.

4. In case of overhead tank water is at first taken from the ground to

the overhead tank by a PPR pipe of 1.5” dia.

5. From the overhead reservoir water is distributed in each floor by

distribution lines provided according to the plumbing drawing.

6. For high rise building for every 3 or 4 stories there should be a

direct pipe line from water tank.

Fig: Water supply from overhead water tank

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Fig: water supply line at Bathroom Fig: water supply line at Kitchen

Sanitary drainage

1. All the pipes used in a sewerage system can be passed through a

hollow maintained at each floor top to bottom

2. Sometimes these pipe lines laid into a duct

3. In case of sewerage system inspection pits are provided & these

all discharge in a master pit

4. The discharge from the master pit passed through the septic tank

Fig: Sewerage pipe Fig: Rain water pipe

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Fig: Vent and waste water pipe Fig: Sewerage pipe before entering

to septic tank

Parapet wall

Fig: Parapet wall

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Sunshade

Sunshade is an extension part of a lintel provided at outer wall on

window to protect entering sun-rays, to obstacle the rain effect from

affecting interior.

Fig: Sunshade

Door & windows

1. For doors & windows at 7‟ height from the floor a lintel is provided.

2. Door frame is provided 1” wider than the wall thickness to adjust

with plaster.

3. Before plastering the door frames & grill should be sealed with

wall & their alignment should be checked.

4. Thai aluminum window to be placed in a groove of wall in order

to avoid rain leakage.

Fig: Door frame fitting Fig: Groove for aluminum window frame

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Plastering

1. Plaster is done after finishing the plumbing & electric works.

2. Plastering is done with mortar of mix ratio cement : sand is 1: 6.

3. The thickness of plaster

a. for outside wall : ½ inch

b. for inside wall : ¾ inch

c. for ceiling : ½ inch

4. Steps of plastering:

a. Chipping& Cleaning surface: Chipped with pointed hammer

(byesla).Wash the surface with clean water.

b. Grouting:Applying cement grouting on RCC surface.

Fig: Chipping Fig: Grouting

c. Throwing Mortar: Throw the mortar on the surface level.

d. Leveling: Leveling the surface by plaster gauge.

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Fig: Throwing mortar Fig: Leveling

e. Checking: After plastering, angular check (90 degree) is

done by using tri- square at the corner of plaster.

Fig: Checking diagonal corner

f. Curing: After plastering it should be cured properly, otherwise

hairline crack may arise at surface. Curing time is 7 to 28 days.

Tiles work

1. Before tiles work tiles are soaked in water.

2. Leveling is done by water level.

3. Mortar used for tiles same as plaster work.

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4. Void left in tiles checked by knocking at four corners & middle of

tiles.

Fig: Storage of Tiles Fig: Exterior tiles work

Painting

1. Before starting painting the surface is made smooth with

abrading stone ( carborandum stone ).

2. Then one coat of lime called white wash is provided.

3. With a coating of paint a coat of putting is provided to make the

surface smoother.

4. The putting is made of white cement & water.

5. At least three coatings of paint are provided.

Fig: White wash

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READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC)

RMC is a specialized material in which the cement aggregates and

other ingredients are weigh-batched at a plant in a central mixer or

truck mixer, before delivery to the construction site in a condition ready

for placing by the builder. Thus, `fresh' concrete is manufactured in a

plant away from the construction site and transported within the

requisite journey time. The RMC supplier provides two services, firstly one

of processing the materials for making fresh concrete and secondly, of

transporting a product within a short time.

Fig: RMC Plant (ADTL)

ADTL has recently promulgated its maiden progressive and pioneering

industrial venture with the launching of 3 units most modern Concrete

Batching Plant at Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh, equipped with latest

concreting technology of the year 2000 from United Kingdom &

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Germany. Of them, 2 Units of tiger brand, each having capacity to

produce up to 30 cum per hour while Germanys Liebherr one can

produce up to 60 cum per hour. Yet another insertion of a proven

method of producing high strength and quick setting ready mix

concrete marks the latest stage of the ongoing development of

infrastructure in Bangladesh.

Advantages and Disadvantages of ready mix concrete

Advantages

1. A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area.

2. The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet

the delivery trucks can service residential districts or inner cities.

3. Better quality concrete is produced.

4. Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site.

5. Elimination of procurement / hiring of plant and machinery

6. Wastage of basic materials is avoided.

7. Labor associated with production of concrete is eliminated.

8. Time required is greatly reduced.

9. Noise and dust pollution at site is reduced.

10. Reduces cost.

Disadvantages

1. The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing

begins at that plant, so the traveling time from the plant to the site is

critical over longer distances. Some sites are just too far away, though

this is usually a commercial rather than technical issue.

2. Generation of additional road traffic; furthermore, access roads,

and site access have to be able to carry the weight of the truck and

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load. Concrete is approx. 2.5tonne per m³. This problem can be

overcome by utilizing so-called 'mini mix' companies, using smaller 4m³

capacity mixers able to access more restricted sites.

3. Concrete's limited time span between mixing and going-off

means that ready mix should be placed within 120 minutes of batching

at the plant.

4. It is cost effective. Modern additives modify precisely that

time span however, the amount of additive added to the mix is

very important.

Main Components of ready mix Concrete

Ready mix concrete is made from a mix of cement, aggregates and

water. Aggregates make up the majority of the concrete‟s volume and

the cement provides resistance. Additives are incorporated into the mix

to ensure particular properties such as improved durability or shortened

hardening times. During the mixing phase, we control every step to

ensure quality and uniformity.

a. Aggregates

20mm and 10mm aggregate used in RMC

Fig: Aggregate used in RMC

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b. Cement: Portland composite cement.

c. Admixtures

FIG: Admixture

Advantage of admixture:

1. To delay the initial Setting time.

2. ADTL uses BASF.

3. It is a super plasticizer.

4. It also works as a water proof coating.

5. It maintains the water-cement ratio without decreasing the

workability.

6. Increases the strength.

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Admixture used in ADTL:

1. Reobuild 1125

2. Reobuild 623

3. Rust Converters

4. Color Hardeners

5. Accelerators & Retarders

6. Integral Waterproofing compounds (IWC)

7. Air entraining Agents & Foaming Agents

8. Admixtures for Concrete Pavers Block Industry

9. Release agents for decorative Concrete

Procedure

1. Raw materials, such as sand, gravel, and cement, are transported

to the concrete plant by truck.

2. Certain materials, such as inert aggregates, are typically stored

outdoors in stockpiles.

3. Cement stored in air tight container called „Silos‟. There two

cement silos.

4. Then all the aggregates are stored in the Wing Hooper from

where needed amount is taken.

5. As the materials are needed, they are transported by conveyor to

large storage bins at the top of the block plant.

6. At the start of production, dry materials from the upper storage

bins are discharged into the plant's stationary central mixer.

7. The proportion of materials in the mix is custom-designed to meet

the specifications for each project. Proportioning is controlled by

computer to ensure quality control.

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8. After mixing is complete, the mixture is discharged into a truck-

mounted, rotating drum mixer.

Transportation

Transport of concrete must be rapid so that the concrete does not dry

out or lose its workability or plasticity in the process. The homogeneity of

the concrete obtained at the time of mixing should be maintained

while transporting it to the final place of deposition.

That‟s why the company‟s transports concrete from its Ready Mix

Concrete plants to the site through transit mixers. Further the concrete is

pumped to the actual point of concreting through high efficiency

concrete pumps.

Rotating-drum truck mixers typically have a capacity of 6-7 cubic

meters and discharge the concrete from the rear. Because slump loss

can occur during transit, it is required that the concrete be discharged

on the job site within 90 minutes or before 300 revolutions after the

addition of water to the cement.

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Concrete Test

1. 100mmdiameter & 200 mm height of cylindrical mold is used.

2. Concrete by weight is the actual method which is followed here

to gain the proper strength.

3. Sample of concrete is tested both in BUET and RMC‟s Laboratory.

4. Users do their test from working site.

ECONOMIZING THE PROJECT

1. Designing the reinforcement economically.

2. Reuse of shuttering materials.

3. Efficient& skilled labors.

4. Earlier structure design done by WSD method considering more

safety factor but now USD method followed so that reduce factor of

safety.

5. Proper site management and good storage facility.

6. Duration and bank loan.

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SAFETY

Fig: Falling of reinforcement bar from 8th floor due to lack of proper fastening

When employees are exposed to a hazard of falling 10 feet or more to

a lower level, the employer must ensure that fall protection systems are

provided, installed, and implemented.

1. Each employee on walking/working surfaces must be protected

from falling through holes (including skylights) more than six feet above

lower levels. Each employee on a walking/working surface must be

protected from objects falling through holes (including skylights) and

from tripping in or stepping into holes (including skylights) by covers.

2. Each employee working on, at, above, or near wall openings

(including those with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge

of the wall opening is six feet or more above lower levels and the inside

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bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches above the

walking/working surface, must be protected from falling.

3. Each employee on established floors, balconies, and walkways,

with an unprotected side or edge six feet or more above a lower level,

must be protected from falling.

4. Each employee at the edge of an excavation six feet or more

depth must be protected from falling when the excavations are not

readily seen because of plant growth or other visual barrier. Each

employee at the edge of a well, pit, shaft, and similar excavation six

feet or more in depth must be protected from falling.

5. Safe welding and cutting practices include ventilation, guards

(screens and covers), and personal protective equipment (gloves,

hood/helmet, eye and face protection, and respirators).

Each employee must be protected from falls into or onto dangerous

equipment, regardless of the fall distance. When an employee is

exposed to falling objects, the employer must have each employee

wear a hard hat and must implement an additional measure of

protection such as erecting toe boards, screens, or guardrail systems or

barricade the area and prohibit employees from entering the

barricaded area.

Housekeeping

1. During the construction, alteration, or repair work, forms and

scrap lumber with protruding nails and all other debris must be cleared

from work areas, passageways, and stairs in and around buildings or

other structures.

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2. Debris must be removed at regular intervals during the course of

construction. A safe means must be provided for removal.

3. Containers must be provided for the collection and separation of

waste, trash, oily and used rags, and other refuse. Containers used for

garbage and other oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as

caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc., must be equipped with covers.

Garbage and other waste must be disposed of at frequent, regular

intervals.

Helmet: Every workers and visitor must have helmet while in project

site.

Fig: Workers very near to pile driver without helmet

Safety shade & net: Safety shed and net should be provided around

the building during construction.

Fencing: There should be proper fencing in the project area.

Safety line: During construction of multistoried building worker must put

on safety line.

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Fig: Fixing Boring pipe without any safety line

Earthing: Proper earthing arrangement should be provided.

Medical services and first aid

a. The employer must ensure the availability of medical personnel

for advice and consultation on matters of occupational health.

b. Provisions must be made for prompt medical attention in case of

serious injury before commencement of a project.

c. In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician

reasonably accessible to the worksite, a person who has a valid

certificate in first-aid training must be available at the site to render

first aid.

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d. First-aid supplies must be easily accessible when required. The

contents of the first-aid kit must be placed in a weatherproof

container with individual sealed packages for each type of item,

and must be checked by the employer before being sent out on

each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the

expended items are replaced.

Horizontal structure

1. Staff Road Over Pass: We visited Staff Road over pass on 13 Dec

2012.

2. Mirpur-Banani-Airport Flyover. We visited this flyover on 18 Dec

2012.

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NEW OR INNOVATIVE INFORMATION / KNOWLEDGE

GATHERED

EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) FACTORY:

Advanced EPS Technologies Ltd is a sister concern of Advanced

Group. It‟s a new dynamic company based into Bangladesh that

manufactures Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) for construction and

packaging industry for the first time in the Bangladesh foam industry.

The company formed in the year of 2007. It is the third biggest sister

concern of Advanced Group and First ever EPS manufacturer of

Bangladesh. By having the technologies from Holland and machineries

from the pioneer EPS manufacturing company Hirsch, Italy, the

company is able to produce high quality EPS blocks. Among the

machines, our company currently has Pre-expender of various

densities, Block molding machine for making the desired strength

blocks and also electronic cutting machines in order to cut the EPS

sheets according to the preferred size and thickness. The raw materials

commonly known as “Styropor” are coming from BASF, Malaysia.

EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) in Construction:

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is an innovative building material that lends

to the design and structural integrity of many building projects. Since

the 1950s, EPS has been recognized as a mainstream insulation

material, however over the past decade, new applications have

rapidly developed. Now, EPS is a powerful design element and an ideal

choice for green building design, offering tangible environmental

advantages that can maximize energy efficiency, providing improved

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indoor environmental quality and enhancing durability. EPS has

compression strength between 10 to 60 psi (depending on various

densities) for most applications and can be molded to meet specific

requirements.

EPS is used widely in the building and construction industry. EPS is an

inert material that does not rot and provides no nutritional benefits to

vermin therefore does not attract pests such as rats or termites. Its

strength, durability and lightweight nature makes it a versatile and

popular building product. Applications include insulated panel systems

for walls, roofs and floors as well as facades for both domestic and

commercial buildings. It is also used as a void-forming fill material in civil

engineering projects, as a lightweight fill in road and railway

construction, and as floatation material in the construction of pontoons

and marinas.

Fig: EPS factory

92

Advanced EPS Sandwich Panels

EPS sandwich panel are usually singular piece, modular factory

engineered units comprising two metal faces and a fully insulating core

i.e. EPS. The metal facing are fully bonded to the core (EPS) so that the

panel acts compositely when under load, in most cases, providing free

standing panels. Facing used for insulated panels are predominantly

steel which can be of any color according to the consumers need. The

insulating core is typically bonded to the facing using a conventional

adhesive bond. The panels are typically manufactured on a continuous

production line. EPS sandwich panel is a proven construction material

well-suited to the extremes. It is a cost effective, lightweight

construction material with excellent insulation properties

Fig: Mobile House

Usage & Opportunities of the Sandwich Panel

For several decades, sandwich panels with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

have been used successfully in fast track construction, conferring

numerous advantages compared to „build on site‟ systems:

93

1. Ideal for temporary shed or site office.

2. Fast installation and ease of handling.

3. Crane assembly therefore no scaffolding required.

4. No thermal bridges and good thermal insulation properties.

5. Design flexibility with choice of color finishes.

6. Panels can be installed horizontally or vertically.

7. Reliable robust mechanical performance.

8. Outstanding non combustible and acoustic performance.

Architectural products

Advanced EPS Technologies Ltd can fabricate a wide variety of

custom foam shapes for use as architectural enhancements. Popular

custom foam shapes include round and fluted columns, cornices,

archways, quoins, parapet caps and decorative bans. Custom foam

shapes are commonly used as design elements on buildings and

signage.

EPS shapes have proven very economical in comparison to wood or

concrete products, often providing a 50 to 75 percent cost savings.

They can also be manufactured quickly, reducing lead times and

avoiding long delays.

Fig: Architectural Shapes

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Advanced Brick plant:

Natural sandstone has been used as a masonry unit since ages. Sand

and lime, from which it was created by nature, have been applied in

mortars as from the earliest times of ancient history.

KS bricks is one of the modern bricks used for masonry work in the

developed countries and many developing countries as tested,

qualified, specified, conforming all of the specifications in U.S.A.,

Canada all European countries, Japan, partly in China, partly in South

East Asia, Australia, part of Africa, the then USSR (CIS countries) and in

all modern societies.

Calcium silicate units are produced by mixing sand, lime and water.

This mixture of natural ingredients is molded into shape by mechanical

or hydraulic presses. Calcium Silicate bricks are accurate in size,

ensuring ease of placement resulting in a reduction in workload for the

bricklayer. Offering durability, strength and performance, at a cost

lower than similar building materials having the following advantages:

1. Low cost, accuracy and uniformity of shape which makes laying

and bonding easy.

2. Smooth surface and light color makes them suitable for internal

walls without plaster i.e.; factory units, sheds etc.

3. Invariably free from efflorescence.

4. Unaffected by repeated freezing or thawing.

5. Resistance to fire and the transfer of heat and sound is similar to

that of clay bricks.

6. Its manufacture uses reusable energy and biogas.

7. No harmful residues or emissions are produced.

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At Ashulia beside the R.M.C plant a Brick Plant is under construction.

It is a mat foundation.

1. It is a steel structure of 120ft high.

2. Ht of mat foundation is 4ft 2 inch.

Fig : RMC Unit

Fig: Brick Stack

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CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES FACED Generally we got full assistance from the members of ADTL. Even

though few aspects of difficulties related to engineering construction

and personal administration are stated below:

1. Sometimes there are some mismanagement in administrative side

which may hinder progress of the work.

2. Few design part could not be explain by the site engineers.

3. Most often we didn‟t get the full soil test report on site offices.

4. Some time we got few changes in drawing but not executed on

ground.

5. On few sites construction progress were slow due to rescission.

6. Service facilities like gas and current line are not available so

company couldn‟t finish all the work within time frame.

7. Most of the working sites are in around Dhaka city and the main

project in which we worked is in Savar. So transport problems and

maintaining time was difficult due to political movement.

8. Most of the buildings we visited were multistoried, so every day

climbing 8 -14 floors was laborious as no buildings having construction

lift.

9. Duration of the project is one of the most important challenges for

civil engineers.

10. Handling with labor and employment of skilled labors are another

major challenge for site engineers.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

1. All the departments of a construction company should run

smoothly for proper execution of various administration and

operational job.

2. Presently USD methods used in all design purpose which

minimized the construction cost.

3. Aggregates used in construction should be free from deleterious

materials and of good quality.

4. Quality and quantity should be ensured by proper and constant

supervision.

5. Construction lift should be use in every multistoried building which

will facilitate transporting of building materials and will encourage site

engineers to supervise building construction repeatedly.

6. Flow of fund is important to run a project freely and smoothly.

7. Chief Engineers should visit site frequently to ensure proper

execution of critical design part.

8. Proper safety measures should be used and installed in

appropriated manners.

9. Steel props should be used instead of bamboo shuttering

materials.

10. Wiring and binding of reinforcement should be appropriate.

11. All the departments of an construction company should run

smoothly for proper execution of various administration and

operational job.

CONCLUSIONS

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The aim of a civil engineer is to plan and design various types of

structures. This will not be possible unless he involves himself in ground

oriented tasks. A project engineer is mostly responsible for

implementing the structural design on ground. He needs to have depth

of knowledge and foresightness, so that his project does not stuck up

for material scarcity, manpower, any special equipment or any other

project related problem like requirement of dewatering in an

excavation pit. This should be also theoretically covered along with

practical orientation. So CESIP has helped us immensely in gathering

knowledge of project management.

REFERENCES

All the departments of the Advanced Development &

Technologies Ltd.

Theoretical and practical experience of the engineers whom

we concerned

BANGLADESH NATIONAL BUILDING CODE(1993) for knowing

various specification

ACI codes

Design of Concrete Structure-14th edn By Arthur H. Nilson, David

Darwin & Charles W. Dolan

a report on civil engineering internship at advance development technology ltd.(adtl) by mist,ce-12

Documents

practical knowledge

engineering knowledge

practical works

practical engineering

theoretical knowledge

practical experiences

civil engineering project

site engr