I

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGICAL RECORD PUBUSHED BY THE AMERICAN BIRDING ASSOCIATION

spring migration

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ntents NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS ß AMERICAN BIRDING ASSOCIATION ß VOLUME 54: NUMBER 3 ß 2, , ,

spring migration: THE REGIONAL REPORTS

255 Atlantic Provinces BLAKE MAYBANK

257 Quebec NORMAND DAVID,

SAMUEL DENAULT,

and PIERRE BANNON

2S9 New England SIMON PERKINS

263 Hudson-Delaware JOSEPH C. BURGEL,

ROBERT O. PAXTON

and DAVID A. CUTLER

268 Middle Atlantic Coast MARSHALL J. ILIFF

272 Southern Atlantic Coast RICKY DAVIS

274 Florida BILL PRANTY

278 Ontario DAVID H. ELDER

281 Appalachia ROBERT C. LEBERMAN

284 Western Great Lakes JIM GRANLUND

287 Middlewestern Prairie KENNETH J. BROCK

291 Central Southern B. MAC. MYERS and

PHILLIP A. WALLACE

29S Prairie Provinces RUDOLF F. KOES

and PETER TAYLOR

235 The Loggerhead Kingbird in Florida: The Evidence Revisited P. WILLIAM SMITH, GLEN E. WOOLFENDEN, and ALEXANDER SPRUNT IV

241 Range Expansion of the Glossy Ibis in North America MICHAEL A. PATTEN

and GREG W. LASLEY

248 Reintroduction of

the Whooping Crane in Florida STEPHEN NESBITT

and MARTIN J. FOLK

249 Changing Seasons: Spring Migration 2000: The Millenium's

Last Spring CHRISTOPHER L. WOOD

332 Market Place

333 Pictorial Highlights

297 Northern Great Plains RON MARTIN

m Southern Great Plains The report for the spring migration in this area was not submitted by our copy deadline. It will appear in a future issue.

299 Texas

GREG W. LASLEY, CHUCK SEXTON,

and MARK LOCKWOOD

304 Idaho-Western Montana DAVID TROCHLELL

306 Mountain West

VAN A. TRUAN

and BRANDON K. PERCIVAL

310 Arizona

ROY M. JONES and

GARY H. ROSENBERG

312 New Mexico SARTOR O. WILLIAMS III

315 Alaska THEDE TOBISH

M British Columbia-Yukon The report for the spring migration in this area was not submitted by our copy deadline. It will appear in a future issue.

318 Oregon-Washington STEVEN G. MLODINOW,

GERARD LILLIE,

and BILL TWEIT

322 Middle Pacific Coast SCOTT B. TERRILL, DANIEL S. SINGER,

STEVEN A. GLOVER, and

DON ROBERSON

326 Southern Pacific Coast GUY McCASKIE and

KIMBALL L. GARRETT

328 West Indies ROBERT L. NORTON

330 Hawaiian Islands ROBERT L. PYLE and

PETER DONALDSON

ON THE COVER

The Whooping Crane is emblematic of conservation efforts in the North America. Its population in the wild was perilously low by the mid-twentieth century, numbering no more than a few dozen. Intense management and protection have raised numbers to near 200 in the wild, yet this majestic crane remains one of our rarest birds. In the late 1990s wildlife managers have attempted to reestablish the species in some of its former haunts, notably as a breeding bird in Florida. Despite a drought, spring 2000 saw the first hatching of a Whooping Crane chick in the United States in 60 years. Even though this colt succumbed to a Bobcat (Felis rufus), it gave hope to the possibility that a Florida population would soon be established. For more information see Nesbitt and Folk's note in this issue. Photograph by Martin J. Folk

AMERICAN BIRDING ASSOCIATION

PRESIDENT

Richard H. Payne

VICE-PRESIDENT

Wayne R. Petersen

SECRETARY

Ann Stone

TREASURER

Dennis H. Lacoss

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Kenneth P. Able

Margaret J.C. Bain David M. Bird

Lynda Brothers Jon L. Dunn

Thomas J. Gilmore Bettie R. Harriman

John C. Kricher

Greg W. Lasley Michael Ord

Richard H. Payne Father Tom Pincelli

Harry Tow Gerald J. Ziarno

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Paul Green

FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION

Lynn Yeager DEVELOPMENT

Lee Kellogg CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION

Lina DiGregorio CONVENTIONS AND CONFERENCES

Ken Hollinga ADVERTISING

Ken Barron

GENERAL COUNSEL

Daniel T. Williams Jr.

PAST PRESIDENTS

Allan R. Keith (1997-1999) Daniel T. Williams Ir. (1993-1997)

Allan R. Keith (1989-1993)

Lawrence G. Balch (1983-1989) Joseph W. Taylor (1979-1983)

Arnold Small (1976-1979) G. Stuart Keith (1973-1976)

G. Stuart Keith (1970 pro tern)

North American Birds is published by the American Birding Association

The mission of the journal is to provide a complete overview of the changing panorama of our continent's birdlife,

including outstanding records, range extensions and contractions, population dynamics, and changes in migration patterns

or seasonal occurrence.

PUBLISHER

ABA / John C. Kricher

EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR PHOTO EDITOR

Michael A. Patten Virginia Maynard Kevin T. Karlson

EDITORIAL AND SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD

Kenneth P. Able, Edward S. Brinkley, P. A. Buckley (Chair), Richard Cannings, Alan Contreras, Jon L. Dunn, Matt T. Heindel, Alvaro Jaramillo,

Kevin T. Karlson (ex officio), Jon King, Paul E. Lehman, Tony Leukering, Joseph Morlan, Michael O'Brien, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, P. William Smith,

Richard R. Veit, David Wingate, Alan Wormington

REGIONAL EDITORS

Bruce H. Anderson, Yves Aubry, Margaret J. C. Bain, Pierre Bannon, Kenneth J. Brock, Joseph C. Burgiel, Steven W. Cardiff, Hugh Currier,

David A. Cutler, Peter Donaldson, Normand David, Ricky Davis, David H. Elder, Walter G. Ellison, Kimball Garrett, Jeff Gilligan, Steve Glover,

Jim Granlund, Joseph A. Grzybowski, Theo Hofmann, Pam Hunt, Marshall J. Iliff, Greg D. Jackson, Roy Jones, Rudolf E Koes, Greg W. Lasley,

Robert C. Leberman, Gerard Lillie, Bruce Mactavish, Nancy L. Martin, Ron E. Martin, Blake Maybank, Guy McCaskie, Ian A. McLaren,

Steven G. Mlodinow, Robert L. Norton, Richard T. Paul, Robert O. Paxton,

Brandon K. Percival, Simon Perkins, Wayne R. Petersen, Bill Pranty, Robert D. Purrington, Robert L. Pyle, Don Roberson, Gary H. Rosenberg, Chuck Sexton, Michael G. Shepard, Daniel S. Singer, Stephen J. Stedman, Peter Taylor, Scott B. Terrill, Bill Tice, Thede G. Tobish Jr., David Trochlell,

Van A. Truan, Bill Tweit, Richard L. West, Sartor O. Williams III

GRAPHIC DESIGN PRODUCTION & ADVERTISING COORDINATOR

Weaver Design Melissa Fivecoat-Borger

CIRCULATION TECHNICAL REVIEWERS

Barbara North Curtis A. Marantz

Bill Pranty

North American Birds (ISSN 1525-3708) (USPS 872-200) is published quarterly by the American Birding Association, Inc., 720 West Monument Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904-3624. Periodicals postage paid at Colorado Springs, Colorado, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: return postage guar- anteed; send address changes and POD forms 3579 to North American Birds, PO Box 6599, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 80934-6599. Subscription prices: $30/year (US) and US$35/year (Canada). Copyright ¸ 2000 by the American Birding Association, Inc., all rights reserved. Printed by Publishers Printing, Shepherdsville, Kentucky. The views and opinions expressed in this magazine are those of each con- tributing writer and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the American Birding Association or its management. ABA is not responsible for the quality of products or services advertised in North American Birds, unless the products or services are being offered directly by the Association. GST Registration No. R135943454.

234 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

how to read

the regional reports irds have no respect for range maps. Bird distribution in North America is constantly changing, as birds expand their ranges

into new areas, disappear from former strongholds, or alter their pat- terns of migration.

Our knowledge of bird distribution is also changing constantly, as discoveries continue to come in. Keeping up with all these develop- ments is a challenge for ornithologists, conservationists, and birders.

The Regional Reports, published four times a year, contain a wealth of information about North America's dynamic birdlife. When seeing the reports for the first time, they might appear difficult or technical, but they are not; anyone with any birding experience will find the reports easy to understand. We invite you to read the report from your area of the continent; we predict that the information there will alternately surprise you and confirm your ideas about birdlife in your region. To help you get started, here are answers to some ques- tions that may occur to first-time readers.

What kind of information is included?

Do the Regional Editors just report everything that's reported to them? Regional Editors do not report every sighting of every bird. Such a list would be huge, unwieldy, and not very useful. Instead, they solicit reports from as many observers as possible, screen the records for accuracy, choose those that are most significant, look for trends and patterns of occurrence, connect scattered bits of information, and ultimately come up with a concise, readable summary of the real bird news--the important avian events and trends of the season through- out their region.

why are there so many abbreviations in the text?.

We abbreviate some frequently-used words and phrases to save space. Most of these are easy to understand and remember. (See the list of abbreviations at the end of this section.) In addition to these standard abbreviations, some Regional Editors use shortened ver- sions of the names of some birding hot spots; they list these local abbreviations in a separate paragraph, just after their introductory comments and just before their main species accounts.

what do the initials

in parentheses mean? Most records published in each report will be followed by initials, to indicate the source: the person(s) who found or reported the bird(s) mentioned. The initials may be followed by et al. (short for et alia, meaning "and others"), or preceded by fide (literally, "by the faith of"--meaning that this is a second-hand report, and the person ini- tialed is the one who passed it along to the Regional Editor). A dag- ger (?) before the initials means that this person turned in written details on the sighting.

There are good reasons for giving credit to the observers involved. Readers may be reassured about the accuracy of surprising

sightings if they know who the observers were; researchers who want to know more about a certain record may be able to contact the observers directly. In some cases, when a bird was seen by many birders, the Regional Editor may add "v.o." (for "various observers") or "m.ob." (for "many observers") after the first sets of initials.

Who are the people who send in their sightings? All observers are invited to send in notes to their Regional Editors: details on rare sightings, species that were scarcer or more numerous than usual during the season, unusual concentrations or migration, and so on. Reading the reports for your region for a few seasons is the best way to find out what kinds of information are desired. Although the Regional Editors cannot cite every record that they receive, every contributor helps them to produce a more thorough and accurate summary.

Why are some bird names in heavier or blacker type? We use boldface type to draw attention to outstanding records of rare birds. General categories of birds that the Regional Editors would place in boldface would include: any species that has been recorded fewer than 10 times previously in a given state or province; any new breeding record for a state or province; or any bird totally outside established patterns of seasonal occurrence. (For the most part, records are not boldfaced unless they are backed up with solid details or photographs.) Birders who like to know about rare birds (and most of us do) can get a complete rundown of the season's out- standing rarities by scanning all the Regional Reports for those bold- faced birds.

Why are some of the place names in italic type? In most of the regional reports, place names given in italic type refer to counties. (Italics represent parishes in Louisiana, and in parts of Ontario they may refer to districts or regional municipalities.)

What are the boxes in the text marked "SA"?

"SA" stands for "Special Attention" (and, by coincidence, is pro- nounced "essay"). The purpose of the boxed essays is to draw atten- tion to particularly noteworthy phenomena or trends.

Likely SA topics include new population trends or new bird dis- tribution patterns, unusual invasions or migration events, field research yielding new data, specific conservation problems that have an impact on birdlife, or detailed discussion of an outstanding (or perplexing) rare bird record. Experienced readers of North American Birds make it a point to flip through all the Regional Reports and read all the S.A.s, even in regions where they do not read the rest of the text.

VOLUME 54 (ZOO0), NUMBER 3 :)53

STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

USED IN THE REGIONAL

REPORTS

Abbreviations used

in place names

In most regions, place names given in italic type are counties. Other abbrevia- tions:

A. EB. Air Force Base

Cn • Creek

Ft. Fort

Hwy Highway L island or Isle I•. Islands or Isles

Jct. Junction km kilometer(l) L. •Lake

ini mile •(s) •M•. Mountald•or Mount •ts: Mbuntal ns N•E /i'•afional•f•st N3A?• • National Monument

'N:p: NatiOna[:Pari• •kW.• Nati0•al •Y•rfi•dlifdRefuge P.P. Pr0vificial Park

•Ven.• :Veair•ula PL PO'•t (not'POrt) R! :Ref. .Reftige Res.• ReServoir •(not Reser•tibn) s.• State :Vark; TW,• •Towa•p W.M_& W CadnfeManagement area• W,T;P, •.(W•ste) Water Treafment

pond(sy6rPIant:

in •h ß nani'es of birds:;

E; :Eftste TM Eur: Eurasiaff tVtt. 'Mountain N. 'Northern

S., Southefn,

W. Western •

Other nbbrevlntiens

jUv. •juvcnal'O• juve'nil& ph. photographed sp• sped.• • iaple audig :t•p&r'ee6r&d• V.t: vidm•apaa • ? writtexq details were

•sub•itted for g sighting ß • SPec'nndf/was' coRected •: õUbject to review by

p•iate records committee •s Br•edmg•ird CBC', C•istmas Bird Count

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33Z NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS