a prescriptive path to energy efficiency improvements for hospitals

A PRESCRIPTIVE PATH TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY

IMPROVEMENTS FOR HOSPITALS

DEVELOPMENT OF A PRESCRIPTIVE PACKAGE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES TO OBTAIN

ENERGY SAVINGS AND EARN POINTS UNDER THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2

December 19, 2007

Submit ted t o:

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

Pacific Gas & Electric

Southern California Edison

Massachusetts Technology Collaborative

US Green Building Council

Environmental Protection Agency

Submit ted by:

The Green Guide for Health Care c/o Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems

8604 FM 969 Austin, TX 78724

Adele Houghton, GGHC Project Manager Steven Guttmann, Research Committee Chair

phone: (512) 928-4786 fax: (512) 926-4418

e-mail: [email protected]

A Prescriptive Path to December 19, 2007 Energy Efficiency Page - 1 Improvements for Hospitals

Executive Summary

Research began in Fall 2006 to develop a prescriptive path to energy improvements that could be incorporated as an alternative pathway to meet the requirements of the Green Guide for Health Care’s (GGHC) Optimize Energy Performance credits. Through a process that included DOE-2.1E modeling, evaluation of measures for cost effectiveness, climate neutrality, and confidence of energy performance, a prescriptive package was assembled comprised of the following energy efficiency measures (EEMs):

• Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Performance Windows and Glazing (Uwindow = 0.40; SHGCcog = 0.38) • Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for all applicable areas (including Offices and Storage

Areas) • Central VAV AHUs using Chilled and Heating Hot Water • Fan power reduced 10% less than limit under ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Turn-Down Ratio of 30% on VAV Boxes • Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) • Turn-down Ratio of 30% for Heating Hot Water and Chilled Water Pumps variable speed

drives • High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kW/ton at Full Load, and 0.40 kW/ton IPLV) • Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps

The applicability of these measures is limited to hospitals of 70,000 square feet or more. For health care facilities 70,000 square feet and less, the research committee recommends that projects comply with the prescriptive measures of the 2007 New Buildings Institute Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide with the following modification: HVAC systems serving all areas must include Variable Air Volume (VAV) air handling units with zoning controls to maintain pressure relationships as specified in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities. This group of EEMs is also proposed for use in LEED® for Healthcare, and is included in the LEED for Healthcare Draft currently issued for public comment.

Research Summary

In spite of inpatient health care facilities’ high energy use intensity (2.7 times the gross energy use intensity of office buildings based on the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) published by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), energy efficiency in hospital design and construction is often a secondary consideration for owners and design teams. While hospitals are addressed in national energy efficiency guidelines – such as ASHRAE 90.1 – they are exempt from compliance with State and local energy codes in most if not all municipalities across the country. National sustainability guidance for buildings, such as the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) and the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) rating system, promote energy efficiency. Feedback from projects using GGHC and LEED indicate a perception that modeling is expensive, complex, and of questionable accuracy and, hence, value. Promoting the design of energy efficient hospitals and health care facilities is a core component of the Green Guide for Health Care. In the winter of 2005, members of the Green Guide for Health Care’s


Steering Committee, in association with the committee developing the LEED for Healthcare tool, identified the need for a prescriptive path to energy efficiency improvements for owners and design teams that found the performance approach of Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1, Optimize Energy Performance, undesirable. A research steering committee was established with members from both the GGHC and LEED for Healthcare committees. Seed funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) was obtained, and a research budget was developed. In Fall 2006, equipped with additional funding provided by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC) and two California utilities - Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) and Southern California Edison (SCE) – Viridian Energy and Environmental, LLC began modeling based on parameters developed by the research committee:

• A 7 story, 225,000 square foot hospital containing Operating Rooms (ORs), Recovery, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), patient rooms, pharmacy, imaging department, dietary, central sterile, and an Emergency Department, would be modeled in three climate zones (New York City, NY; Minneapolis, MN; and Houston, TX).

• A baseline hospital using ASHRAE 90.1-2004, Appendix G requirements would be used for comparison of the performance of the proposed building and Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs).

• A GGHC v2.2 standard building would be developed to evaluate the differences between ASHRAE 90.1-2004 requirements and GGHC v2.2 modeling rules.

• EEMs would be developed, modeled, and evaluated in order to design buildings that would perform sufficiently better than the ASHRAE baseline building to earn 2 points (approximately 14% more efficient than ASHRAE 90.1-2004) under both GGHC v2.2 and the future EA Credit 1 requirements of LEED for Healthcare.

During development of the baseline energy model, initial decisions on building program resulted in a baseline building that the research committee agreed was more efficient than the average hospital being built by teams for which energy efficiency is not a serious programmatic goal. Initial baseline buildings achieved energy efficiencies that would have earned an Energy Star Energy Performance Rating (EPR) in the mid-80s (for information on Energy Star EPRs see http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finder). Modeling assumptions were modified, ultimately yielding baseline buildings that had EPRs in the mid-60s, and this was considered suitable for our baseline buildings. In order to develop a prescriptive package that could be promoted as a “national” standard (such as would be the case if this package were used in GGHC or LEED for Healthcare), the committee agreed that the package needed to meet the following goals:

• Use cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption • Be based on a single set of EEMs that can, to the extent possible, be applied across US

climate zones • With a high level of confidence, provide the targeted level of energy efficiency performance

improvement on any hospital project in any US climate zone. Acceptance by the various constituencies that would consider using the EEM package as well as the design and construction marketplace was considered to be highly dependent on meeting these goals. Using their collective experience in developing successful energy efficiency strategies for actual projects, the research committee identified a list of potential EEMs. Next, the committee developed a process to rank individual EEMs based on their individual improvements compared to a set of


qualitative criteria (listed below). These criteria were identified as critical to the success of the prescriptive path in meeting the above goals. Table 1 shows the criteria, and the EEM ranking based on the weighted score of the qualitative criteria. The higher the score (on a scale of 1 to 3), the better the EEM performed relative to the criteria. For example, the performance improvements of high efficiency motors were not climate dependent, while the performance improvements of heat recovery systems were considered highly climate dependent. Qualitative criteria used addressed the following issues:

• Climate dependency: Would the predicted EEM performance improvement be highly dependent on climate or not?

• Return on investment (ROI): Would the EEM generally be considered highly cost effective or not?

• Practicality: Would the design and construction community find the EEM generally easy to implement?

• Reliability of Savings: Could the EEM generally be relied on to provide the predicted performance improvement when implemented by a reasonably competent designer and/or contractor?

• Predictability of Savings: Is the performance improvement of the EEM accurately predicted by the model?

Table 1 – Qualitative Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Measures

climate

dependency

return on

investment practicality

reliability

of

savings

predictability of

savings

overall

weighted

score

weighting 5 3 2 1 1

hi-eff motors 3 3 3 3 3 36.0

high efficiency transformers 3 3 3 3 3 36.0

condensing dhw 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 35.0

hi performance glazing 3 2.5 3 3 3 34.5

vsd pumps 3 3 3 2.5 2 34.5

10% less hp/cfm (hp/gpm) 3 3 2 3 3 34.0

occ sensors 3 3 3 2 1 33.0

20% less ext lpd 3 3 2 2 3 33.0

10% less interior lpd 3 3 2 2.5 2 32.5

vsd chiller 2 3 3 3 3 31.0

central system 2 2 3 3 3 28.0

30% turndown vav 1 3 3 2 2 24.0

opaque envelope 1 2 3 3 3 23.0

proj factor 2 1 1 3 3 21.0

heat recovery 1 2 2 1.5 2 18.5

cooling tower control 1 1 3 2.5 2 18.5

condensing boiler 1 1 1 1.5 2 13.5 The analysis further weighted EEMs by EEM performance improvements, and rankings were modified as shown in Table 2.


TABLE 2 – Final Ranking of Energy Efficiency Measures

score x

%

savings

central system 89

vsd chiller 69

hi performance glazing 55

10% less hp/cfm (hp/gpm) 54

10% less interior lpd 49

hi-eff motors 33

condensing boiler 33

occ sensors 29

30% turndown vav 25

20% less ext lpd 21

condensing dhw 18

proj factor 13

opaque envelope 12

vsd pumps 12

high efficiency transformers 9

heat recovery 6

cooling tower control 4 The list of EEMs assembled as a result of this effort are: • Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Performance Windows and Glazing (Uwindow = 0.40; SHGCcog = 0.38) • Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for all applicable areas (including Offices and Storage

Areas) • Central VAV AHUs using Chilled and Heating Hot Water • Fan power reduced 10% less than limit under ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Turn-Down Ratio of 30% on VAV Boxes • Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) • Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers1 • Turn-down Ratio of 30% for Heating Hot Water and Chilled Water Pumps variable speed drives • High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kW/ton at Full Load, and 0.40 kW/ton IPLV) • Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps Once the desired list of EEMs was developed, the original building models were run one more time in order to establish performance metrics for the three climate zones investigated. Reports on these three models are included as Appendices 1 through 3.

1 This EEM was dropped from the final group of measures due to changes in the EPA program. EPA suspended the ENERGY STAR Transformers specification effective May 1, 2007. In EPACT 2005, Congress passed a new minimum federal efficiency standard for transformers at the same level as the ENERGY STAR specification. All transformers manufactured on or after January 1, 2007 must meet these new criteria.


The final step in the process of meeting our objectives included a sensitivity analysis. Through generous support from the US EPA, ICF International performed this analysis to evaluate the ability of our prescriptive package to provide adequate energy efficiency improvements in any hospital in any US climate zone. ICF conducted a set of approximately 600 energy simulations in ICF-DOE, a DOE2.1E energy simulation tool, to determine the impact of varying architectural characteristics (i.e., floor area and number of stories) and building location on the energy performance of hospitals implementing the single prescriptive package of EEMs. The results of this analysis convinced the research committee that the selected EEM package provides, with a high level of confidence, energy efficiency improvements of at least a 14% over ASHRAE 90.1-2004 in all US climate zones. The sensitivity analysis supported the research committee’s conclusion that energy efficiency improvements would be significant enough to award two points under GGHC v2.2 Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 (EA C1). Based on the difference in energy use intensities between office buildings and hospitals, the committee further agreed to propose two points be awarded to the prescriptive package under EA C1 as part of the Draft of LEED for Healthcare. A copy of the Sensitivity Analysis report is included in Appendix 4. The sensitivity analysis led to another key conclusion: the confidence level for this package could not be maintained when buildings were smaller than approximately 70,000 square feet. This results not only from an increase in the climate dependency of measures for this type of building (due to a higher ratio of envelope area to building volume), but is also a practical lower limit on the size of inpatient facilities. Below 70,000 square feet, health care facilities tend to be built to meet a wide variety of program needs (e.g. outpatient surgeries, dialysis centers, imaging centers, regional pharmacies and labs). The climate dependency and range of energy use intensity (EUI) suggest that another approach needs to be used for buildings of this size. Development of a prescriptive package tailored to health care buildings below 70,000 will require further research activity. New tools are available that will temporarily fill this gap, such as the new Core Performance™ Guide, prepared by the New Buildings Institute as part of the Advanced Buildings™ family of products. In the interim, it was decided that the Core Performance™ Guide should serve as the prescriptive path for health care buildings less than 70,000 square feet. As currently included in LEED-NC version 2.2, projects using the Guide would receive two EA Credit 1 points.


Conclusions

This research project has successfully developed a list of energy efficiency measures that when applied to hospitals greater than 70,000 square feet will earn 2 points under GGHC v2.2 EA Credit 1. Health care buildings less than or equal to 70,000 square feet will earn 2 points under GGHC v2.2 EA Credit 1 if they follow the Core Performance™ Guide, prepared by the New Buildings Institute as part of the Advanced Buildings™ family of products. This prescriptive path methodology has also been proposed for inclusion in the Draft LEED for Healthcare to earn 2 points under EA Credit 1. These measures, with a reasonable level of confidence, provide energy efficiency improvements that are commensurate with the level of performance required for 2 points under LEED-NC guidelines (14% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2004) in all US climate zones, and regardless of building configuration for buildings over 70,000 square feet.


Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 Prescriptive Path Research Committee Steve Guttmann Research Committee Chair, Guttmann & Blaevoet, GGHC, LEED HC Craig Kneeland NYSERDA, GGHC Kim Shinn TLC Engineering for Architecture, GGHC, LEED HC, LEED Board Member Pat Branch Astorino, LEED HC Clark Reed EPA, GGHC, LEED HC Lance Stewart Farnsworth Group, LEED HC Carl Ian Graham Viridian Adrian Tuluca Viridian Additional Support received from: Brendan Owens USGBC Deon Glaser USGBC Jawad Zaidi Viridian Erik Ring Glumac, LEED EA TAG Sholem Prastow Teknion Furniture Systems, LEED HC Andrea Porter Pacific Gas & Electric Gary Suzuki Southern California Edison

Brian Dean ICF International Jim Christo Massachusetts Technology Collaborative

“GGHC” = GGHC Steering Committee “LEED HC” = LEED for Healthcare Core Committee Generous financial support for this effort was received from: NYSERDA Pacific Gas & Electric Southern California Edison USGBC Massachusetts Technology Collaborative Environmental Protection Agency


APPENDIX 1

Report on modeling of hospital in

New York City, New York


ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR TREATMENT

HOSPITALS TO OBTAIN ENERGY SAVINGS

VS. THE GREEN GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE VERSION 2.2

Part 1: NEW YORK CITY FINAL REPORT

Submitted to:


17 Columbia Circle

Albany, NY 12203

Attn.: Craig Kneeland, Senior Project Manager

phone: 518-862.1090 x 3311

fax: 518-862.1091


Submitted by:

Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC. 50 Washington Street

Norwalk, CT 06854 60 W 39th Street, Suite 3W

New York, NY 10018

Adrian Tuluca, Principal phone: 203-299-1411 ext. 238

fax: 203-299-1656 e-mail: [email protected]

June 21, 2007


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in New York City based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals:

Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC) version 2.2; Χ Design an energy-efficient hospital that complies with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G; and Χ Create a prescriptive package of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) that saves at least 14% in annual energy use

compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G Case. Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC (VEE) used an extended UNIX version of the computer software DOE-2.1E to model a 225,000 ft2 hospital designed in 1998. The following table summarizes the energy use for the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G Case, the Design Case per GGHC V-2.2, and the EEM package that saves 16.5% in annual energy cost compared to the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G Case:

Annual Electric

Use

Annual Electric Demand

Annual Gas Use

Annual Energy Use

Annual Energy Savings

Annual Energy Cost

Annual Savings

Avg. LPD

List of Alternates

kWh kW CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft2 ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 Appendix G 6,243,386 1,306 249,290 46,238 1,539,232

1.09

BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 6,257,922 1,352 263,925 47,751 -3.27% 1,581,362 (42,131) -2.7% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 5,177,661 1,055 214,596 39,131 15.37% 1,285,293 253,939 16.5% 0.98

The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: • Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Performance Windows and Glazing (Uwindow = 0.40; SHGCcog = 0.38) • Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms • Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems • Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes • Exterior Lighting power 20% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) • Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers • Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% • High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kW/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kW/ton IPLV) • Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps


A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for LaGuardia Airport, NY. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1st & 3rd floors: 16'-0" 2nd ,4th, 5th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6th floor: 14'-0" 7th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: 8'-6" Core Spaces: 8'-0"


B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for New York): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff. 0.39 Χ U fenestration 0.57 Χ Vision glazing area is 33% of total wall area Exterior wall construction @ precast concrete panel: (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for New York): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ Continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.124 Exterior wall construction @ metal panel: (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for New York): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Mineral fiber insulation between steel studs @ 16” o.c. Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.124 Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction: (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for New York): Χ Gravel Χ Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab


Χ Steel deck Χ Ufactor = 0.063 Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2nd through 7th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling


C. BUILDING OCCUPANCY PATTERNS The total staff and visitor occupancy are based on the information contained in the Vertical Transportation Design Guidelines, prepared by John A. VanDeusen Associates, February 27, 1998 revision. The Occupancy Schedules were input as follows: Basement: Pharmacy (5 people) All year All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Mechanical/Electrical Rooms (3 people) All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2 people) All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Imaging (200 ft2 per person) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Floors 1 through 3: Trauma / Emergency Operating (200 ft2 per person) All year All days All hours 100% Emergency Corridor (100 ft2 per person) All year All days All hours 100% Emergency Waiting Lounge (50 ft2 per person) All year All days All hours 100%


General Lobby (10 people) All year Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Coffee shop (15 people) All year All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% First floor administrative offices (5 people) All year Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen (18 people) All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. 100% 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 90% 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. 90% 7:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Surgery (200 ft2 per person) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 80% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0% Central Sterile (200 ft2 per person) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Weekends/Holiday All hours 0%


Floors 4 through 7: Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy All year Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 0% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Sunday/Holiday All hours 0% Corridor & Storage Areas All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0% Nurses Workstations & Core Storage Spaces All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 80% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 118.75% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 100% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 118.75% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 118.75% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 80% Offices on patient floors All year All days All hours 100% Patients Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, Nursery and Pediatric Patient Rooms, includes visitors All year All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 100% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 125% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 100% Visitor lounges All year All days All hours 100% Pediatric Playroom All year All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 0% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 0%


On-call Rooms All year All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 0% 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. 50% 7:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. 0% 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. 50% 3:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. 0% 10:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 50% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 0%


D. LIGHTING AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT LOADS The Lighting Power Density for the design case is based on the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2. The following table shows the Lighting Power Density used in various spaces: Space Type LPD (W/ft2) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Basement Linen Collection & General Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 First Floor Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16 The lighting use schedules are as given below. General Lighting Schedules: Pharmacy All days All hours 100% Mechanical/Electrical Rooms All days All hours 100% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage All days All hours 100% Imaging All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Weekends/Holiday All hours 25% Trauma / Emergency Operating All year All days All hours 100%


Emergency Corridor All year All days All hours 100% Emergency Waiting Lounge All year All days All hours 100% Lobby, Corridors All days All hours 100% Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors All days All hours 100%


Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge All days All hours 100% Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery All days All hours 100% Storage Areas All days All hours 50%


Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kW, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year All days All hours 100% Coffee Shop (2.1 kW) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10%


Central Sterile (1W/ft² receptacle + 5 W/ft² process + 7 W/ft² steam ) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy (0.4 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Saturday Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Sunday, Holiday All hours 10% Nurse’s workstations & Offices on patient floors (1.5 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Patient rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 75% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Visitor’s lounge(0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Pediatric Patient Rooms (0.3 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 15% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m.- Midnight 15% Pediatric Playroom (0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% On-call Rooms(0.3 w/ft²) All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces (0.1 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Nursery (0.2 w/ft²) All days All hours 00% Patient Special Care Units (0.8 w/ft²) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 15% Offices on Patient Floors (1.5 w/ft²) All days All hours 100%

A PRESCRIPTIVE PATH TO December 19, 2007 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PAGE - 23 IMPROVEMENTS FOR HOSPITALS

E. HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AND

OPERATING SCHEDULES Heating and Cooling Seasons Heating and cooling available all year around. Winter season is from September 16 thru May 15 and summer season is from May 16 thru September 15. Heating Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations

All Days Winter All Hours 72oF Summer All Hours 70oF (reheat an overcooled space to this temperature) Surgery

Weekdays 5 AM – 5 PM 70oF Weekends and all other hours 60oF

Imaging Weekdays 5 AM – 5 PM 72oF Weekends and all other hours 60oF

Operating Room in Emergency All Days All Hours 70oF

AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms All Days All Hours 72oF

Corridors

All Days All Hours 72oF Mechanical/Electrical Rooms

All Days Winter All Hours 55oF Summer All Hours 35oF (no reheat) Cooling Schedules Patient Rooms, Intensive Care Units, Pharmacy, Offices, Patient & Visitor Lounges, Nurses Workstations

All Days Winter All Hours 76oF Summer All Hours 75oF Surgery




AIDS Units, Isolation, Nursery, Exam/Treatment, & Therapy Rooms


All Days All Hours 75oF Corridors

All Days All Hours 75oF Kitchen

All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 90oF 5 a.m. - 11 p.m. 80oF 11 p.m. - Midnight 90oF Mechanical/Electrical Rooms

All Days Winter All Hours no cooling Summer All Hours 85oF Air Handling Unit (AHU) Fan Schedule Kitchen

All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. AHU fans off* 5 a.m. - 11 p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* Administration

All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. AHU fans off* 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* All Other AHUs

All Days All Hours AHU fan on Ventilation & Exhaust Air The following table summarizes the ventilation and exhaust air requirements as set forth in the 2006 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities (prepared by The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health with assistance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and in the Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 ( January 2007).


Examination & Treatment Rooms

- - 6 -

Pharmacy Out - 4

ETO-Sterilizer Room In - 10 Yes

Ventilation air schedule

All Days All Hours No less than minimum design ventilation air Exhaust fans

Efficiency 65% (combined: fan and motor) Static pressure drop 2" H2O Schedule follows AHU fan schedule

Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage

Area Designation Air Movement Relationship to Adjacent Area

Minimum Air Changes per Hour

of Outdoor Air Supplied to Room

Minimum Total Changes per

Hour Supplied to Room

All Air Exhausted Directly to Outdoors

Patient Rooms - 2 6 -

Intensive Care Units 2 6 -

Isolation Rooms In 2 12 Yes

Isolation Anteroom In/Out - 10 Yes

Nurseries - 2 6 -

Operating/Surgical Cytoscopic Rooms

Out 3 15 -

Recovery Room - 2 6 -

Critical & Intensive Care - 2 6 -

Trauma Room Out 3 15 -

Triage In 2 12 Yes

ER Waiting Room In 2 12 Yes


ER waiting room Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by constant volume boxes. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 66, 837; Total fan electrical power = 74.17 KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 685; Total fan electrical power =31.16 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 9, 032; Total fan electrical power = 10.50 KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby 1800 2.0 Trauma 2875 3.2 Triage 2875 3.2 Sterile 4500 5.0 Operating 17,250 19.4 Surgery(2nd Floor) 17,000 18.865 Surgery(3rd Floor) 14,875 16.5 Imaging 9,375 4.4 First Floor 6,069 7.2 AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen

All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 2% 6 a.m. – 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. – 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. – 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. – 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. – 7 p.m. 100%


7 p.m. – 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2% Operating parameters: Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows:

October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 oF May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 oF Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basement (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = 3.112 KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers 0.629 kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is 549.5 gal/hr from 7 a.m. - 11 p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 oF


F. UTILITY RATES The hospital will have natural gas and primary electric utility service provided by Consolidated Edison (ConEd). Details of the rates for these services, current as of 2006, are given below. 1.1. Electricity Rate for ConEdison Service Classification No 9 Rate II The proposed building is under ConEd's Service Classification 9: General-Large for 2006. The energy cost includes an additional gross tax and 8.625% sales tax. The breakdown of monthly energy and demand charges is as follows: Demand per Kw Energy per kwh Energy per kwh

Mon thru Fri 8

AM-10 PM All other hours

including holidays January $14.86 $0.2132 $0.1381 February $22.74 $0.0970 $0.0535 March $22.64 $0.0970 $0.0535 April $21.89 $0.1107 $0.0682 May $24.91 $0.1107 $0.0682 June $39.97 $0.1351 $0.0870 July $38.33 $0.1351 $0.0870 August $39.54 $0.1401 $0.0971 September $39.97 $0.1401 $0.0971 October $24.45 $0.1850 $0.1483 November $17.50 $0.1850 $0.1483 December $16.79 $0.1622 $0.1160 1.2. Natural Gas Service Classification No 2 Rate I The natural gas rate consists of a delivery and commodity charge. The sales tax is 8.625%. Delivery Charge per therm:

First

3 therms Next

87 therms Next

2,010 therms In excess of 3,000 therms

May 2005 $0.8143 $1.3713 $1.1225 $1.0265 July 2005 $0.8237 $1.3806 $1.1318 $1.0359 August 2005 $0.8593 $1.4162 $1.1674 $1.0715 September 2005 $1.1574 $1.7143 $1.4656 $1.3696 October 2005 $1.2939 $1.8508 $1.6020 $1.5061 November 2005 $1.3138 $1.8707 $1.6220 $1.5260 December 2005 $1.1780 $1.7349 $1.4862 $1.3902 January 2006 $1.1934 $1.7504 $1.5016 $1.4057 February 2006 $1.0808 $1.6379 $1.3890 $1.2931 March 2006 $0.9651 $1.5222 $1.2733 $1.1774 April 2006 $1.0855 $1.6473 $1.3977 $1.3014 Commodity Charge: Minimum monthly charge: $12.70


G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHNY: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G for New York City. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G (New York) case:

Base Case – As per GGHC ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (New York)

Lighting

Space Type LPD (W/ft2) Pharmacy 3.00 Mechanical/Electrical Rooms 0.70 Storage 0.50 Imaging 3.00 Trauma 3.00 Surgery 4.50 Central Sterile 1.20 Lobby 1.10 Corridors 0.60 Coffee shop 1.10 Administrative Offices 1.20 Physical Therapy 1.20 Nurses Workstations 1.20 Patient Rooms 0.50 Visitor lounge 1.10 Pediatric Patient Rooms 0.50 Pediatric Playroom 1.10 On-call Rooms 0.50 Core Storage Spaces 0.50 Nursery 0.70 Storage Areas 0.50 Overall 1.16


ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% lower than IESNA/ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft2). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls


Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms. The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: 15% during the day, Storage: 60% during the day and 30% at night, and Mech. Rms.: 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: • Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove • Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms • Trauma room • Triage • ER waiting room • Pharmacy • ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under 90.1-2004 Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-2004. ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boilers system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kW/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kW/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kW/ton 75% 0.44 kW/ton 50% 0.37 kW/ton 25% 0.38 kW/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards.


DOE-2.1E SUMMARY OUTPUT TABLES


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 38698 808149 220482 1673817 180530 10890 1793204 1288162 243989 6257922 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 221612 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 263925 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 471602 888 101957 44195 67833 0 0 0 0 0 169790 FEB 426787 921 56837 33720 47713 0 0 0 0 0 104550 MAR 485893 994 64082 27921 36059 0 0 0 0 0 100141 APR 481367 985 70049 18292 26209 0 0 0 0 0 96258 MAY 531163 1132 80822 16373 18606 0 0 0 0 0 99428 JUN 576881 1324 127150 12008 13861 0 0 0 0 0 141011 JUL 635468 1352 131558 11302 13067 0 0 0 0 0 144625 AUG 625992 1296 135543 12001 14317 0 0 0 0 0 149860 SEP 570332 1268 127620 13649 20656 0 0 0 0 0 148276 OCT 509763 1026 118282 17276 28986 0 0 0 0 0 147268 NOV 465523 946 101447 22666 37921 0 0 0 0 0 139368 DEC 477054 945 88311 34519 52477 0 0 0 0 0 140788 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 6257922 1352 1203657 263925 377705 0 0 0 0 0 1581362


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 32060 742986 189345 1602213 171464 10828 1936100 1288162 243989 6217146 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 205159 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 247472 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 473480 849 101214 43623 66960 0 0 0 0 0 168174 FEB 426776 862 55119 33141 46900 0 0 0 0 0 102019 MAR 482375 940 62201 27238 35186 0 0 0 0 0 97387 APR 474027 932 67801 16999 24381 0 0 0 0 0 92182 MAY 525816 1083 78717 14129 16104 0 0 0 0 0 94821 JUN 572228 1266 123849 10055 11663 0 0 0 0 0 135512 JUL 633677 1307 129187 9398 10925 0 0 0 0 0 140112 AUG 623551 1239 132549 10153 12166 0 0 0 0 0 144715 SEP 565060 1209 124163 11761 17847 0 0 0 0 0 142010 OCT 502749 980 115584 15419 25908 0 0 0 0 0 141492 NOV 461202 888 99324 21639 36219 0 0 0 0 0 135543 DEC 476162 886 86812 33914 51563 0 0 0 0 0 138375 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 6217146 1307 1176521 247472 355821 0 0 0 0 0 1532342


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : AZ ASHRAE 2004 Appendix G AZ = 270 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 33082 755522 190921 1632245 170887 10633 1936100 1288162 243989 6261540 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 209827 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 252141 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 476278 861 101913 43836 67285 0 0 0 0 0 169198 FEB 429324 867 55440 33337 47176 0 0 0 0 0 102616 MAR 485264 946 62573 27349 35327 0 0 0 0 0 97900 APR 477488 939 68299 17251 24738 0 0 0 0 0 93037 MAY 529449 1089 79223 14818 16872 0 0 0 0 0 96095 JUN 576051 1274 124619 10735 12429 0 0 0 0 0 137048 JUL 638084 1305 129610 10090 11703 0 0 0 0 0 141313 AUG 628604 1250 133656 10851 12978 0 0 0 0 0 146634 SEP 570160 1221 125303 12316 18673 0 0 0 0 0 143976 OCT 507099 987 116539 15744 26447 0 0 0 0 0 142986 NOV 464613 893 100036 21746 36396 0 0 0 0 0 136432 DEC 479080 892 87357 34063 51788 0 0 0 0 0 139145 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 6261540 1305 1184567 252141 361813 0 0 0 0 0 1546380


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 39164 398966 225758 1346538 90028 9775 1548117 1275326 243989 5177661 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 178733 0 0 0 0 35862 0 0 0 214596 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 399634 720 85567 36518 56110 0 0 0 0 0 141677 FEB 361148 721 46464 27817 39422 0 0 0 0 0 85886 MAR 408508 779 52277 22847 29570 0 0 0 0 0 81847 APR 398802 776 56883 14288 20549 0 0 0 0 0 77432 MAY 436591 880 64910 12737 14552 0 0 0 0 0 79462 JUN 468770 1027 101056 9909 11500 0 0 0 0 0 112556 JUL 515125 1055 104768 9679 11240 0 0 0 0 0 116008 AUG 510454 1024 108956 10264 12296 0 0 0 0 0 121252 SEP 465251 998 102412 11144 16929 0 0 0 0 0 119341 OCT 420241 838 97158 13240 22298 0 0 0 0 0 119456 NOV 389929 745 83898 17884 29994 0 0 0 0 0 113892 DEC 403159 745 73455 28263 43029 0 0 0 0 0 116484 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 5177661 1055 977804 214596 307489 0 0 0 0 0 1285293


APPENDIX 2


Minneapolis, Minnesota





Part 2: MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA

FINAL REPORT

Submitted to:


17 Columbia Circle

Albany, NY 12203


phone: 518-862.1090 x 3311

fax: 518-862.1091


Submitted by:


Norwalk, CT 06854 60 W. 39th Street, Suite 3W

New York, NY 10018



June 21, 2007


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in Minneapolis, Minnesota based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals:



Annual Electric

Use


Annual Gas Use

Annual Energy Use


Annual Energy Cost

Annual Savings

Avg. LPD

List of Alternates

kWh kW CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft2 ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 Appendix G 6,026,959 1,383 334,446 54,015 643,843

1.09

BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 5,934,455 1,414 348,148 55,069 -1.95% 653,254 (9,412) -1.5% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 5,032,724 1,123 283,450 45,522 15.72% 539,602 104,241 16.20% 0.98

The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: • Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Performance Windows and Glazing (Uwindow = 0.40; SHGCcog = 0.38) • Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms • Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems • Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes • Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) • Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers • Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% • High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kW/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kW/ton IPLV) • Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps


A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for Minneapolis, MN. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1st & 3rd floors: 16'-0" 2nd ,4th, 5th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6th floor: 14'-0" 7th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: 8'-6" Core Spaces: 8'-0"


B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Minneapolis): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff. 0.39 Χ U fenestration 0.57 Exterior wall construction @ precast concrete panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Minneapolis): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ 2-1/2" continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation (R-10) Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.077 (includes air films) Exterior wall construction @ metal panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Minneapolis): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/2" mineral fiber insulation between steel studs @ 16” o.c. (R-6.5) Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.110 (includes air films) Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Minneapolis) Χ Gravel Χ 4" Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab Χ Steel deck


Χ Ufactor = 0.047 (includes air films) Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2nd through 7th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling


Emergency Corridor All year All days All hours 100% Emergency Waiting Lounge All year All days All hours 100% Lobby, Corridors All days All hours 100% Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors All days All hours 100%


Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge All days All hours 100% Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery All days All hours 100% Storage Areas All days All hours 50%


Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kW, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year All days All hours 100% Coffee Shop (2.1 kW) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10%









Corridors








All Days All Hours 75oF


Corridors





All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. AHU fans off* 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. AHU fans on

11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* All Other AHUs




- - 6 -

Pharmacy Out - 4





Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room











Nurseries - 2 6 -


Out 3 15 -




Triage In 2 12 Yes



Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by constant volume boxes. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 66, 337; Total fan electrical power = 73.6 KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 685; Total fan electrical power =32.56 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 75, 01; Total fan electrical power = 8.70 KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby 1987 2.2 Trauma 2875 3.2 Triage 2875 3.2 Sterile 4500 5.0 Operating 17,250 19.4 Surgery(2nd Floor) 17,000 18.865 Surgery(3rd Floor) 14,875 16.5 Imaging 9,375 4.4 First Floor 5,630 6.68 AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen

All Days Midnight - 5 a.m 2% 6 a.m. – 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. – 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. – 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. – 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. – 7 p.m. 100% 7 p.m. – 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2%


Operating parameters: Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows:

October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 oF May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 oF Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basement (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = 3.112 KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers 0.629 kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is 549.5 gal/hr from 7 a.m. - 11 p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 oF


F. UTILITY RATES Electricity The electricity rate is based on billing information provided in the Minnesota Electric Rate Book – MPUC No. 2, Docket No. E002/GR-05-1428, effective 01.01.2006. It is assumed that Rate Code A14 for “General Service” (over 100 kW) applies to the project. The rate after applicable adjustments is as follows:

Electricity Oct-May Jun-Sep

Monthly Customer Charge $ 22.04

Charge per kW (Demand) $ 6.61 $ 9.26

Charge per kWh $ 0.04653 $ 0.04653

Natural Gas The natural gas rate is based on billing information provided in the Minnesota Gas Rate Book – MPUC No. 2, Docket No. E002/GR-04-1511, effective 01.01.2006. It is assumed that Rate Code 118 & 125 for “Commercial Firm Service” (over 6,000 Therms) applies to the project. The rate after applicable adjustments is as follows:

Natural Gas Oct-May Jun-Sep


Charge per Therm $ 0.75550 $ 0.80718


G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHMN: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G for Minneapolis, MN. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G (Minneapolis) case:

Base Case – As per GGHC ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (Minneapolis)

Lighting



ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% is lower than IESNA/ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft2). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls


Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms (Rms.). The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: 15% during the day, Storage: 60% during the day and 30% at night, and Mech. Rms.: 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: • Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove • Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms • Trauma room • Triage • ER waiting room • Pharmacy • ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under 90.1-2004 Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-2004. ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boiler system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kW/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kW/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kW/ton 75% 0.44 kW/ton 50% 0.37 kW/ton 25% 0.38 kW/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards.


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 41770 562513 146019 1662429 187111 9257 1793204 1288162 243989 5934455 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 305835 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 348148 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 464901 899 27601 62400 50408 0 0 0 0 0 78009 FEB 419815 878 25364 48005 38789 0 0 0 0 0 64153 MAR 462900 913 27600 36483 29489 0 0 0 0 0 57089 APR 448736 1038 27767 20427 15473 0 0 0 0 0 43240 MAY 506420 1313 32266 16925 12827 0 0 0 0 0 45093 JUN 560453 1323 38356 12413 9418 0 0 0 0 0 47774 JUL 609129 1414 41461 11731 8903 0 0 0 0 0 50364 AUG 607150 1367 40937 12337 9361 0 0 0 0 0 50298 SEP 501799 1163 34149 16159 12249 0 0 0 0 0 46398 OCT 455131 1061 28213 23290 17636 0 0 0 0 0 45849 NOV 432768 941 26381 33968 27458 0 0 0 0 0 53839 DEC 465162 885 27516 54006 43633 0 0 0 0 0 71149 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 5934455 1414 377609 348148 275645 0 0 0 0 0 653254


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 42046 542766 154090 1604722 188914 10699 1936100 1288162 243989 6011489 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 290821 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 333135 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 474075 869 27829 61664 49814 0 0 0 0 0 77643 FEB 426277 853 25500 47310 38228 0 0 0 0 0 63728 MAR 468662 869 27573 35708 28863 0 0 0 0 0 56436 APR 454729 1004 27820 19350 14659 0 0 0 0 0 42479 MAY 514596 1279 32421 14880 11282 0 0 0 0 0 43703 JUN 564693 1291 38256 10616 8061 0 0 0 0 0 46317 JUL 612986 1379 41317 9994 7590 0 0 0 0 0 48907 AUG 610521 1328 40733 10680 8109 0 0 0 0 0 48842 SEP 508052 1094 33793 14306 10848 0 0 0 0 0 44641 OCT 463825 1015 28319 21834 16536 0 0 0 0 0 44855 NOV 440106 893 26405 33347 26957 0 0 0 0 0 53362 DEC 472919 855 27678 53443 43179 0 0 0 0 0 70857 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 6011489 1379 377643 333135 264127 0 0 0 0 0 641770


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 51732 292941 183215 1342390 84878 10135 1548117 1275326 243989 5032724 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 247621 0 0 0 0 35830 0 0 0 283450 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 399579 722 23387 51481 41594 0 0 0 0 0 64981 FEB 359782 717 21508 39650 32045 0 0 0 0 0 53553 MAR 398402 735 23423 29880 24159 0 0 0 0 0 47582 APR 385394 846 23547 16194 12275 0 0 0 0 0 35822 MAY 428514 1013 26662 13133 9963 0 0 0 0 0 36625 JUN 463838 1039 31230 10079 7655 0 0 0 0 0 38885 JUL 502505 1123 33808 9824 7463 0 0 0 0 0 41271 AUG 500398 1101 33508 10322 7839 0 0 0 0 0 41347 SEP 423459 911 28167 12590 9552 0 0 0 0 0 37719 OCT 394591 840 23939 18128 13736 0 0 0 0 0 37675 NOV 376096 739 22407 27637 22348 0 0 0 0 0 44755 DEC 400100 721 23406 44526 35981 0 0 0 0 0 59387 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 5032724 1123 314992 283450 224610 0 0 0 0 0 539602


APPENDIX 3


Houston, Texas





Part 3: HOUSTON, TEXAS

FINAL REPORT

Submitted to:


17 Columbia Circle

Albany, NY 12203


phone: 518-862.1090 x 3311

fax: 518-862.1091


Submitted by:


Norwalk, CT 06854 60 W. 39th Street, Suite 3W

New York, NY 10018



June 21, 2007


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines energy efficiency strategies for treatment hospitals in Houston, Texas based on energy modeling to achieve the following goals:



Annual Electric

Use


Annual Gas Use

Annual Energy Use


Annual Energy Cost

Annual Savings

Avg. LPD

List of Alternates

kWh kW CCF mmbtuh % $ $ % W/ft2 ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 Appendix G 7,344,882 1,422 161,966 41,265 969,662 1.09 BaseC: Design Case Per GGHC 7,233,122 1,449 173,182 42,005 -1.79% 970,463 (802) -0.1% 1.16 AINT1: Improved Design Case 6,106,060 1,171 134,229 34,263 16.97% 804,585 165,077 17.0% 0.98

The EEM package for the Improved Design Case (AINT1) includes the following: • Lighting Power Density 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Performance Windows and Glazing (Uwindow = 0.40; SHGCcog = 0.38) • Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls for Offices, Storage Areas, and Mechanical Rooms • Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water in place of Packaged DX systems • Fan power reduced 10% versus limit under ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Reduced Turn-Down Ratio to 30% on VAV Boxes • Exterior Lighting Power 20% less than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 • High Efficiency Boiler Plant (90% thermal operating efficiency) • Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers • Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps to 30% • High Efficiency Variable Speed Chillers (0.52 kW/ton at Full Load and 0.40 kW/ton IPLV) • Premium Efficiency Motors for Fans and Pumps


A. GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the "Base Case" building modeled in the DOE2.1-E annual energy simulation program is provided below. Weather File: DOE-2.1E Weather file: weather data for Houston, TX. Building Area (as simulated on DOE-2.1E): Approximately 225,000 ft² of conditioned space. Patient rooms occupy 38,000 ft² of building area. Number of Floors: 7 floors above grade, plus a basement floor and mechanical equipment penthouse. Floor-to-Floor Heights: Basement: 15'-0" 1st & 3rd floors: 16'-0" 2nd ,4th, 5th floors: 13'-0 3/4" 6th floor: 14'-0" 7th floor: 15'-0" Floor-to-Ceiling Heights: Perimeter Spaces: 8'-6" Core Spaces: 8'-0"


B. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTIONS Building Envelope Constructions: Windows (properties based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Houston): Χ Double pane Χ Solar Heat Gain Coeff. 0.25 Χ U fenestration 1.22 Exterior wall construction @ precast concrete panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Houston): Χ 5" precast concrete panel Χ 2-1/2" continuous semi-rigid mineral fiber insulation (R-10) Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/8" metal studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.077 (includes air films) Exterior wall construction @ metal panel (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Houston): Χ Resinous coated metal panel Χ 1" air space Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-1/2" mineral fiber insulation between steel studs @ 16” o.c. (R-6.5) Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ Ufactor = 0.110 (includes air films) Exterior wall construction - below grade Χ Damp soil Χ 16" poured concrete foundation Χ 2" extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.04 Slab on grade construction: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Vinyl Tile Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Slab on grade with Terrazzo: Χ Damp soil Χ Gravel Χ 6" Concrete Slab Χ Terrazzo Χ Effective Ufactor = 0.02 Roof construction (U-factor based on ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard for Houston): Χ Gravel Χ 4" Extruded polystyrene insulation Χ Rubberized asphalt membrane Χ 4" concrete slab


Χ Steel deck Χ Ufactor = 0.047 (includes air films) Interior Constructions: Gypsum wallboard construction Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel studs Χ 5/8" gypsum board Gypsum wallboard construction - corridors Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 5/8" gypsum board Χ 3-5/8" steel suds Χ 5/8" gypsum board Concrete interior floor slab - 1st Floor Χ 8" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Concrete interior floor slab - 2nd through 7th Floors Χ 3-1/4" Concrete slab on steel deck Χ Vinyl Tile Ceiling tile Χ 3/4" thick mineral fiber acoustic ceiling tile Gypsum board Ceiling Χ 5/8" thick gypsum board ceiling


Emergency Corridor All year All days All hours 100% Emergency Waiting Lounge All year All days All hours 100% Lobby, Corridors All days All hours 100% Coffee shop All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% First Floor Administrative Offices Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Weekend, Holiday All hours 5% Kitchen All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Surgery All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Central Sterile All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 5% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% Weekends/Holiday All hours 5% Physical Therapy and Hydrotherapy Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Saturdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 5% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 5% Sunday, Holidays All hours 5% Nurses Workstations & Offices on patient floors


All days All hours 100% Patient Rooms, Patient Special Care Units, except Pediatric Unit January 1 thru February 28 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% March 1 thru May 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% June 1 thru August 31 All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% September 1 thru October 31 All days Midnight - 8:00 a.m. 25% 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 50% 5:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% November 1 thru December 31 All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 25% 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. 50% 4:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Visitor lounge All days All hours 100% Pediatric Patient Rooms All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 25% 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. 100% 8:00 p.m. - Midnight 25% Pediatric Playroom All days Midnight - 9:00 a.m. 5% 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 5% On-call Rooms All days All hours 30% Core Storage Spaces All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 20% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 20% Nursery All days All hours 100%


Storage Areas All days All hours 50% Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting was assumed to be 60 kW, to allow for entry/exit lights, grounds lighting, and parking lot lighting. Lights are controlled by a photocell. Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment Schedules (power density): Pharmacy (1.1 w/ft²) All days All hours 100% Basement Linen Collection & General Storage (2.0 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 25% 6:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 50% 10:00 p.m. -Midnight 25% Imaging (1W/ft² receptacle + 8 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 50% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 50% Weekends/Holiday All hours 50% Trauma / Emergency Operating (1W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year All days All hours 100% Coffee Shop (2.1 kW) All days Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. 100% 10:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% First Floor Administrative Offices (1.5 w/ft²) Weekdays Midnight - 7:00 a.m. 10% 7:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. 100% 6:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekend, Holiday All hours 10% Kitchen (69.8 kW) All days Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. 100% 11:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Surgery (1.0 W/ft² receptacle + 3 W/ft² process) All year Weekdays Midnight - 6:00 a.m. 10% 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 100% 5:00 p.m. - Midnight 10% Weekends/Holiday All hours 10%









Corridors








All Days All Hours 75oF


Corridors





All Days Midnight - 6 a.m. AHU fans off* 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. AHU fans on 11 p.m. - Midnight AHU fans off* All Other AHUs




- - 6 -

Pharmacy Out - 4





Air Distribution Systems The following areas with air movement relationship to adjacent areas have packaged constant DX units and gas furnace. The cooling efficiency of the units is EER = 9.9 and the gas furnace efficiency is 80%. Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms Trauma room Triage ER waiting room











Nurseries - 2 6 -


Out 3 15 -




Triage In 2 12 Yes



Pharmacy ETO-sterilizer room All areas except offices and core spaces have constant volume. Offices and core areas have VAV with minimum cfm ratio of 40%. AHUs serving floors 4, 6 & 7: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Patient rooms, intensive care units, AIDS units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. AIDS units and isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 65, 548; Total fan electrical power = 72.74 KW AHUs serving floors 3 & 5: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in the roof penthouse, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans Patient rooms, nurseries, intensive care units and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. . Total supply & return fan cfm = 27, 264; Total fan electrical power =30.68 KW AHUs serving floor 2: Variable volume, air handling units (AHUs) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. Surgery, recovery and isolation rooms are served by packaged constant volume systems. Isolation rooms have 100% exhaust air. Total supply & return fan cfm = 7, 511; Total fan electrical power = 8.73 KW AHU serving floor 1 (except kitchen and receiving area): Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The trauma room, operating room, surgery, Imaging, ER waiting area and triage are served by separate packaged constant volume systems. Area Total Fan Cfm Total Fan KW Lobby 1448 1.7 Trauma 2875 3.2 Triage 2875 3.2 Sterile 4500 5.0 Operating 17,250 19.4 Surgery(2nd Floor) 17,000 18.865 Surgery(3rd Floor) 14,875 16.5 Imaging 9,375 4.4 First Floor 5,689 6.7 AHU serving kitchen: Variable volume, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, variable speed supply fans. The kitchen outside air due to hood exhaust is changed by the following schedule. Kitchen

All Days Midnight - 5 a.m. 2% 6 a.m. – 8 a.m. 100% 8 a.m. – 10 a.m. 40% 10 a.m. – 1 p.m. 100% 1 p.m. – 4 p.m. 40% 4 p.m. – 7 p.m. 100% 7 p.m. – 11 p.m. 40% 11 p.m. - Midnight 2% Operating parameters:


Χ Supply air temperature from cooling coils is scheduled as follows: October 16 - April 30 All Hours 62 oF

May 1 - October 15 All Hours 50 oF Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 12, 650; Total fan electrical power = 15.0 KW AHU serving basemen (Mechanical Rooms & Corridors): Constant-volume reheat fan system, air handling unit (AHU) located in basement, with steam preheat coils, chilled water coil, constant-volume supply fans, ducted return and 100% economizer control. Operating parameters: Χ Ventilation air preheat temperature 45 oF Χ Total supply & return fan cfm = 6, 631; Total fan electrical power = 3.112 KW UVT serving receiving area: Unit ventilator located in the space, with hot water heating coil. Operating parameters: Χ Supply airflow zones is 1.5 cfm/sq.ft. Χ Proportional zone thermostat for heating Cooling Plant Two water cooled, centrifugal chillers 0.629 kw/ton (COP= 6.1). The chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. The cooling tower has two cells with 70F setpoint. Operating parameters: Χ Cooling plant (chiller) operates summer and winter (core zones require cooling all year) Heating Plant Heating for building is provided by two boilers, 80% efficient with modulating flame. The hot water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 50%. Operating parameters: Χ Heating is provided winter and summer (to provide reheat) Domestic Hot Water Heating Plant Heating for domestic hot water is provided by the same boiler which is providing hot water for heating. Operating parameters: Χ Daily hot water use of 9,732 gallons per day Χ Hot water demand is 549.5 gal/hr from 7 a.m. - 11 p.m. Χ Domestic hot water supply temperature 140 oF


F. UTILITY RATES Electricity The electricity rate is based on information provided by Reliant Energy Retail Services – Miscellaneous General Service PTB-MSG. The energy cost includes an additional 8.25% sales tax. The rate is as follows:

Electricity May-Oct Nov-Apr


Charge per kW (Demand) $ 4.167337 $ 4.167337

Charge per kWh (First 125 kWh per kW of Billing KW) $ 0.053281 $ 0.051727

Charge per kWh (Next 170 kWh per kW of Billing KW)

$ 0.034159 $ 0.034159

Charge per kWh (All Additional kWh)

$ 0.009502 $ 0.009502

Fuel Rider PTB-FC Rider PTB-FC

Rider PTB-FC:

Electricity Jun-Sep Oct-May

Charge per kWh $ 0.124901 $ 0.073669

Natural Gas The natural gas rate is based on billing information provided by CenterPoint Energy, Houston, TX It is Large Commercial Rate. The energy cost includes an additional 8.25% sales tax. The rate is as follows:

Natural Gas


Charge per First 1500 CCF $ 0.88088

Charge per next 8500 CCF $ 0.85938

Charge over 10,000CCF $ 0.84938


G. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES Individual energy-efficient strategies are briefly described in the following section. BASE CASE: Building and systems as previously described. ASHNY: The ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Model is the same as Base Case, except the energy efficiency of the building envelope, the HVAC system, and lighting achieves minimum compliance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G for Houston, TX. The following table shows the difference between the Base Case and the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G (Houston) case:

Base Case – As per GGHC ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (Houston)

Lighting



ALT10: Lighting Power Density 10% than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Lighting Power Density in each space is 10% is lower than IESNA/ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Standard (Overall 0.98 W/ft2). ALGTB: High Performance Windows and Glazing Windows are assumed to have thermally broken aluminum window frames, and have the following thermal and solar performance values: Ucog = 0.29 SHGCcog = 0.38 Uwindow = 0.40 ALOC1 & ALOC2: Occupancy Sensor Lighting Controls


Occupancy sensors are assumed to be installed in offices, storage areas, and the Mechanical Rooms. The sensors are assumed to reduce the lighting energy use as follows: Offices: 15% during the day, Storage: 60% during the day and 30% at night, and Mech. Rms. 50% for all but one hour per day when all the lights are assumed to be on. ALT01: Central VAV AHUs with Chilled and Hot Water for areas served by packaged DX units The packaged, constant volume, direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning units with gas furnaces serving the following spaces are served by VAV air handling units served by the central plant chillers and boilers: • Isolation Rooms, Isolation alcove • Operating and surgical cystoscopic rooms • Trauma room • Triage • ER waiting room • Pharmacy • ETO-sterilizer room ALT02: 10% less fan energy than allowed under 90.1-2004 Appendix G The fan system power for supply, exhaust, and return fans is 10% lower than the limit stipulated for in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-2004. ALT04: Reduced Turn-Down Ratio on VAV Boxes In office areas and nursing stations the turn-down ratio for VAV boxes was reduced to 30%. ALT05: Reduced Exterior Lighting 20% versus IESNA/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 Exterior lighting power reduced 20%. ALT06: High Efficiency Boiler Plant Boiler system with 90% efficiency at full load is installed in central plant. ALT07: Energy Star/TP-1 Transformers NEMA TP-1 compliant transformers are assumed to replace dry-type and K-1 transformers in the building. Simulation assumes that the energy use for miscellaneous electrical equipment is reduced by an average of 1%. ALT08 & ALT09: Reduced Turn-down Ratio of Hot and Chilled Water Pumps The hot and chilled water pumps have variable speed drives with minimum part load ratio of 30% rather than 50%. ALT11: Variable Speed Chillers Both central plant chillers have variable speed drives (VSD) and 0.52 kW/ton efficiency at full load (0.399 kW/ton IPLV), and have the following part load curve: Load 100% 0.52 kW/ton 75% 0.44 kW/ton 50% 0.37 kW/ton 25% 0.38 kW/ton ALT12: Premium Efficiency Motors The pumps and fans have premium efficiency motors per NEMA standards.


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : Base Case: Green Guide for Health Care Version 2.2 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 27677 1761661 308521 1650771 146163 12974 1793204 1288162 243989 7233122 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 130868 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 173182 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 512133 1098 45812 22454 21125 0 0 0 0 0 66937 FEB 444440 1062 40250 20030 18896 0 0 0 0 0 59146 MAR 536745 1151 48015 15203 14458 0 0 0 0 0 62473 APR 565541 1246 50737 11003 10596 0 0 0 0 0 61333 MAY 656703 1349 58472 13117 12540 0 0 0 0 0 71012 JUN 701071 1363 100946 10521 10153 0 0 0 0 0 111099 JUL 761207 1431 109384 10016 9688 0 0 0 0 0 119072 AUG 748820 1416 107639 10467 10103 0 0 0 0 0 117742 SEP 669471 1449 97063 11795 11324 0 0 0 0 0 108387 OCT 603326 1283 53920 13388 12789 0 0 0 0 0 66709 NOV 525378 1199 47321 13649 13029 0 0 0 0 0 60350 DEC 508195 1193 45926 21532 20277 0 0 0 0 0 66203 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 7233122 1449 805485 173182 164978 0 0 0 0 0 970463


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 Appendix G AZ = 0 REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 19960 1735327 357637 1603980 135438 12279 1936100 1288162 243989 7332871 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 117539 0 0 0 0 42313 0 0 0 159853 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 522646 1073 46536 21715 20445 0 0 0 0 0 66981 FEB 453271 1030 40809 19442 18356 0 0 0 0 0 59165 MAR 545249 1127 48582 14242 13574 0 0 0 0 0 62156 APR 575023 1242 51474 10074 9742 0 0 0 0 0 61216 MAY 663448 1330 58926 11621 11164 0 0 0 0 0 70090 JUN 708037 1338 101773 9187 8918 0 0 0 0 0 110691 JUL 772169 1413 110783 8636 8405 0 0 0 0 0 119188 AUG 757349 1395 108697 9061 8800 0 0 0 0 0 117497 SEP 674069 1418 97544 10388 10031 0 0 0 0 0 107575 OCT 609755 1281 54424 12096 11601 0 0 0 0 0 66025 NOV 534950 1162 47918 12655 12115 0 0 0 0 0 60033 DEC 516878 1164 46488 20732 19541 0 0 0 0 0 66029 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 7332871 1418 813953 159853 152689 0 0 0 0 0 966642


SUMMARY REPORTS OF ENERGY USE AND FUEL BILL ------------------------------------------- NAME OF BUILDING : HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TX MODEL DESCRIPTION : AINT1: REPORT-1: ANNUAL ENERGY USE STATISTICS ******************************************************************************* HEATING COOLING COOLING DOMESTIC MISC. VERTICAL TOTAL FUEL TYPE EQUIP. EQUIP. TWR/CNDSR FANS PUMPS WATER LIGHTING EQUIP. TRANS. FUEL USE ------------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- ELECTRICITY (KWH) 25384 1207627 334213 1344779 116282 10343 1548117 1275326 243989 6106060 NATURAL GAS (CCF) 98417 0 0 0 0 35811 0 0 0 134229 REPORT-2: MONTHLY AND ANNUAL FUEL BILLS ****************************************************************************** ELECTRIC ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NAT. GAS NAT. GAS FUEL OIL FUEL OIL STEAM STEAM STEAM TOTAL FUEL MONTH KWH KW BILL ($) CCF BILL ($) GALLONS BILL ($) MBTU MBTU/HR BILL ($) BILL ($) ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- JAN 441561 895 39267 16174 15351 0 0 0 0 0 54618 FEB 388024 862 34849 13928 13285 0 0 0 0 0 48134 MAR 461712 962 41175 10756 10368 0 0 0 0 0 51543 APR 477778 1015 42697 8528 8304 0 0 0 0 0 51001 MAY 548316 1091 48665 11011 10604 0 0 0 0 0 59269 JUN 580371 1097 83427 9547 9252 0 0 0 0 0 92679 JUL 631263 1152 90553 9234 8961 0 0 0 0 0 99514 AUG 621313 1131 89113 9462 9173 0 0 0 0 0 98286 SEP 556313 1171 80509 10181 9840 0 0 0 0 0 90349 OCT 509362 1053 45389 10479 10114 0 0 0 0 0 55503 NOV 449693 978 40288 9778 9467 0 0 0 0 0 49755 DEC 440284 975 39527 15145 14405 0 0 0 0 0 53932 ------ -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- TOTAL 6106060 1171 675460 134229 129125 0 0 0 0 0 804585


APPENDIX 4

Sensitivity Analysis Report

a prescriptive path to energy efficiency improvements for hospitals

Documents