a pf debate case

8/10/2019 A PF DEBATE CASE

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We afrm resolved: prioritizing economic development over environmentalprotection is in the best interest o the citizens o India.

We observe:Economic development is defned by Trasgakes

Tragakes, Ellie. Chie Examiner or I Economics. !"lossar#.! Economics orthe I $iploma. %nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge &', %((). 'age *+.

Economic development: road based rises in the standard o living and -ellbeing o a pop/lation, partic/larl# in economicall# less developed co/ntries. Itinvolves increasing income levels and reducing poverty, reducingincome inequalities and unemployment, and increasing provisionand access to basic goods and services such as ood and shelter,sanitation, education, and health care services.


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Contention ne is Women

!ubpoint ": Education

Empo#erment o #omen means helps development.Esther $/0o. 1rench economist, Co1o/nder and $irector o the 2bd/l 3ati

4ameel 'overt# 2ction 3ab, and 'roessor o 'overt# 2lleviation and$evelopment Economics at the 5assach/setts Instit/te o Technolog#.$ecember %(6%. 4o/rnal o Economic 3iterat/re, 7ol. *(. Iss/e +. 'ages 6(*66(8). 9Women Empo-erment and Economic $evelopmenthttp:;;economics.mit.ed/;active policies to promote#omen. The frstis >that equity is valuable in and o itsel: #omen >arecurrently #orse$o% than men, and this >inequality bet#een gendersis repulsive in >its o#n right. 1or example, in the &nited >?ation@s %((* report on the5illenni/m >$evelopment "oals A5$"B, =o< 2nnan, >the !ecretary &eneral o the 'nited

(ations, >#rites: )The ull participation o #omen to >all levels odecision$making is a basic human >right. The second, a centralargument in the >discourse o policymakers, is that #omen >play aundamental role in development. The >gender gap in education,political participation, and employment opportunities should >thereore be reduced not only because it is >equitable to do so, butalso because it #ill >have benefcial consequences on many >othersociety$#ide outcomes .It sho/ld be >done, in other -ords, to increase efcienc#. >2ccordingl#, in the same report, =o< "nnan >argues that gender equality is in acta )pre$requisite* to achieving the other +&s.>The stance that#omen empo#erment is >desirable or e-ciency shapes both thepolicy debate and the resultant economic policies the #orld over. 5icrocredit schemes, >or example, have been directed almost >excl/sivel# at -omen, beca/se, it isarg/ed, >-omen invest the mone# in goods and services that improve the -ellbeing o amilies, >ingoods that are cond/cive to development. >imilarl#, most conditional cash transer >benes/ch as 'D"DE2;pport/nidades in >5exico, direct the transer to -omen, not >men. Transers conditioned on school enrollment are oten higher or girls or even >positive onl# or girls.

+easures to enorce >#omens access to political positions through >quotas have been instituted inF8 co/ntries, >incl/ding /ndia,-here a 6))constit/tional >amendment reG/ired that onethird o r/ral >village co/ncil seats and village presidencies>be reserved or -omen. >1ormer World ank 'resident, 4ames >Wolensohn, addressing the 1o/rth &? >

Conerence on Women, said:>Education or girls has a catalytic e%ect on >every dimension o development: lo#er child >and maternalmortality rates0 increased educational attainment by daughters andsons0 >higher productivity0 and improved environmentalmanagement. Together, these can >mean aster economic gro#th and,equally >important, #ider distribution o the ruits o >gro#th. . . . 5oreed/cation or girls -ill also >enable more and more -omen to attain leadership positions at all levels osociet#: rom >health clinics in the villages to parliaments in >the capitals. This, in t/rn, -ill change the-a# >societies -ill deal -ith problems and raise the >G/alit# o global decisionmaking. >Wolensohnmakes o/r claims. 1irst o >all, that ed/cation o girls -o/ld change o/t comes or their children and the

rest o /s. >We might call this a 9red/ced orm arg/ment: broad )empo#erment* o#omen >could change outcomes. Ed/cation co/ld >have an eHect, or example,through, or >example, b# improvingtheir understanding >o ho# to raisechildren, use contraception, >and manage their homes. is second claim is >
http://economics.mit.edu/files/7417http://economics.mit.edu/files/7417


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that empo#erment o #omen in a narro#er >senseApo#er or theability to in1uence decision making2 #ould also change outcomes. >

The third claim is that these changes #ould >be positive.The comment also raises ao/rth >iss/e, ass/ming that increasing decision making o -omen -o/ld indeed lead to diHerent >AandbetterB o/tcomes, that is -hat polic# >instr/ments are available to polic#makers to >achieve thesechanges. $o the# need to -ait >or it to come rom improvement in their >h/man capital Athe G/otes/ggests it -o/ld >be a conseG/ence o their improved ed/cationB, or can polic# interventions, s/ch as >

changes in the la-, change in electoral r/les, >changes in the r/le governing programs, >or other similar9top do-n interventions >change eHective po-erJ

"( Education is key to decreasing poverty, increasingimmuni3ation and increasing lie e4pectancy.$epartment or International $evelopment. 4an/ar# %((*. 9"irls@ ed/cation:to-ards a better /t/re or allhttp:;;---%.ohchr.org;english;iss/es;development;docs;girlsed/cation.pd

T=.

Education has a proound e%ect on girls and #omens ability toclaim other rights and achieve>status in society, such as economic

independenceand political representation. 2s the ollo-ing>examples demonstrate, having aned/cation can make an enormo/s diHerence to a -oman@s>chances o s/ch as I7 and 2I$.>K Women #ith atleast a basic education are much less>likely to be poor. 5rovidinggirls #ith one e4tra year o>schooling beyond the average can boosttheir eventual>#ages by 67 to 87 per cent.6>K "n inant born to aneducated #oman is much more>likely to survive until adulthood. In2rica, children o>mothers -ho receive are +( per cent more likel# to live

be#ond age K "n educated #oman is 97 per cent more likely to have>her children immunised against childhood diseases.>K I -e had reached thegender parit# goal b# %((*,>more than 6 million childhood deaths co/ld have been>averted.+>K 1orever# bo# ne-l# inected -ith I7 in 2rica, there are bet-een three and six girls ne-l#>inected. Let, inhighprevalence areas s/ch as -aziland, t-othirds o teenage girls in school>are ree rom I7, -hilet-othirds o o/toschool girls are I7 positive. In &ganda, children>-ho have been to secondar# school

are o/r times less likel# to become I7 positive.*
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/docs/girlseducation.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/docs/girlseducation.pdf


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5overty eeds the endless cycle o Environmental egradation and5overty.

aimanti hattacharyaand Dobert/nnes, 'niversity o "ri3ona,877;, 9Is There a ?ex/s bet-een 'overt# and Environment in D/ral IndiaJ,&niversit# o 2rizona, http:;;---.google.com;/rlJsaMtNrctMONGMNesrcMsNso/rceM-ebNcdMNvedM(CEPP1O2CN/rlMhttpQ2Q%1Q%1ageconsearch./mn.ed/Q%1bitstreamQ%1%6%(6Q%16Q%1sp(Rbh(6.pdNeiMSc++&)bn$S3is2lG+CLPN/sgM21POC?pxW)(mkx2k6D-=/5"IWEIca/gNsig%MLd?C-?Oh'?zD'3ti--Og,U

+any studies have established that the rural poor in developingcountries are heavily dependent on local natural resources or theirsustenance. ue to #eak property rights and limited access tocredit, insurance and capital markets, rural poverty leads toresource degradation in many #ays. The poor depend heavily on theopen access resources like the orests, pastures, #ater resourcesthat leads to their over e4ploitation . "nimals like sheep or goats thatact as capital resource or the rural poor degrade the vegetation andsoil aster than the livestock o the richer rural population likebu%aloes. Cultivable land degrades quickly due to lack oinvestment or maintaining the soil quality that erodes the soilertility.


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Contention 8: /nrastructure

/(>"!T?'CT'?E is (EEE T !T?E(&T@E( T@EEC(+A2long -ith providing Oobs and demand or man/act/ring the development oIndia@s inrastr/ct/re is critical or its h/ge pop/lation centers, 5anish2gar-al in %(6 -rites India@storrid rate o urbani3ation means thatmassive investment #ill be required in everything rom metrosystems to clean #ater supplies, po#er generation to a%ordablehousing. e/rther -rites, >or /ndias economy to make sustainedprogress, #e have to build better roads so that the transportation ogoods becomes e-cient0 #e have to build ports 0 #e have to enhanceour po#er capacity 0 and #e have to improve access to coal and otherra# materials . These are all very important requirements.

Thus by having solid inrastructure, /ndia #ill be able tobolster and enhance its economic gro#th.

verall, the best interests o the people lie in the currentproblems /ndia aces #hich according to 5ollution /ssuesin 877; is5ollution/ssues.org, 877;,9'overt#, 'oll/tionIss/es.org,http:;;---.poll/tioniss/es.com;'lDe;'overt#.html , U

?egardless o the reason or the area o the #orld in #hich a poorpopulation lives, certain reciprocal elements #ill act on thepopulation and its environment.


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/n Conclusion, you are going to be casting an a-rmativeballot ebcause

6. /ndias main problems o overpopulation and povertycan be reduced through providing economic

development opportunities

8. To solve environmental issues, #hich are #orsenedby overpopulation and poverty, the economy must beprioriti3ed to solve the problem

. /n order to sustain a healthy environment andprovide economic gro#th, inrastrcutre #ould allo#or greater economic reedom and environmentalprotection, thus #e urge a pro ballot.


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C"?! '!E1rom the International Economic $evelopment Co/ncil AIE$CBVhttp:;;---.iedconline.org;hotlinks;-htecodev.html

What is Economic $evelopmentJ ?o single de


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/nrastructure is necessary or a sustainable economy.+anish "gar#al, !ummer 876.Wrote an article or'rice-aterho/seCoopers. 92 passage to modernit#.Vhttp:;;---.p-c.com;gx;en;capitalproOectsinrastr/ct/re;assets;gridlinesindiaarticle%(6.pd 71

>or /ndias economy to make sustained progress, #e have to buildbetter roads so that the transportation o goods becomes e-cient0#e have to build ports0 #e have to enhance our po#er capacity0 and#e have to improve access to coal and other ra# materials. Theseare all very important requirements.

!etting up industrial 3ones #ill save arable land.The aily !tar, 7$6$6H.ritish ne-spaper. 92llo- /n/sed p/blic landto b/ild ind/strial zones. Vhttp:;;---.thedail#star.net;allo-/n/sedp/bliclandtob/ildind/strialzones68)R* 71usiness leaders yesterday urged the government to set up

industrial 3ones #ith adequate utility and inrastructure acilities inunused public land and on the premises o closed nationalised mills.!etting up industrial 3ones in such a manner #ill save arable landand accelerate industrialisation, the# said.

/ndia lacks the inrastructure to treat tuberculosis.usiness !tandard, 7$8H$6H.?ational ne-spaper in India. 9Indialacks inrastr/ct/re to treat T, carries oneo/rth o global b/rden.Vhttp:;;---.b/sinessstandard.com;article;ne-sani;indialacksinrastr/ct/retotreattbcarriesoneo/rthoglobalb/rden66+(%+((+S6.html 71The gravity o the ItuberculosisJ situation is magnifed by lack o

access in the public sector. There is a complete lack o governmentaccredited labs to diagnose all orms o ? T. Then there is a legiono undiagnosed ? T patients #ho are on regular tuberculosisdrugs ampliying their resistance. edaquiliine, the frst ne# T drugto be approved by the '!>" in orty years is pending registrationin /ndia. /t is important to ensure that it is frst made available toinstitutions #ho have the e4pertise, capacity and e4perience odiagnosing and treating ?$T or patients in real need,sa#s 3orraine. !?ot

O/st that, the government has the responsibility o preventing theindiscriminate sale and prescription o the drug in the private sectorto avoid ampliying drug resistance and accelerating #hat is alreadya public health emergency,! adds 3orraine. +oreover there are ust three

labs in the country including one at the @indua @ospital in the citythat #as recently accredited by the government. Till last #ear, samples romthe cit# -ere sent to Chennai and patients had to -ait or t-o months or res/lts. This is true not

ust or +umbai but or the entire country.$ecentralising diagnostics is important,sa#s 3orraine. It co/ld mean expediting detection and starting treatment earl#. Till then doctors like$olorosa are


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control as earl# as in 6)R%, -ith the la/nch o a national T control proOect, it no- carries %R per cent othe global T b/rden, according to World ealth rgansiation AWB. the estimated %.

SATS2&T T?e-, deadlier orm o T hits India 5alath# I#er 4an 8, %(6% The Times o ?e-India http:;;timeso

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