a n i ntroduction to the p eriodic t able. o bjectives to describe the basic layout of the periodic...
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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIODIC TABLE
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OBJECTIVES
To describe the basic layout of the periodic table
To list and locate element groups
To describe similar properties among groups/families
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http://kevindmcmahon.com/Reseda/chemistry/documents/periodictable.gif
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Periodic Table History- late 1800
Dmitri Mendeleev Chemical properties repeat every so many
elements Could predict unknown elements and their
properties
Henry Moseley Arrangement by increasing atomic number
(number of protons)
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INFORMATION IN EACH BLOCK 115 elements listed and growing Arranged by increasing atomic number Vertical columns: groups Horizontal rows: periods
Top whole number: atomic number Element symbol in the middle Decimal number under the symbol: Atomic
mass
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Metals Non-Metals
Good electrical and heat conductors
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Ductile - can be stretched into wire
Nonductile
Possess metallic luster Do not possess metallic luster
Solid at room temperature (except Hg)
Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature
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GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS
• unusually soft • very reactive• stored under an oil
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GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS
• not as soft as Group 1 metals • react more mildly• only react with water at temperatures where the water is steam
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GROUP 17: HALOGENS
• non-metals• strong unpleasant odor and will burn flesh
• do not dissolve well in water• react with most metals and many non-metals
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GROUP 18: NOBLE GASES
• not very reactive• under normal conditions they do not form compounds with other elements
• very stable
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GROUPS 3 – 12: TRANSITION METALS
• Contain many everyday metals
• Metal properties as listed earlier
Au - Gold Ag - Silver
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INNER TRANSITION METALSrare in natureall solidsSimilar properties across the period rather than down a group
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WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW
To describe the basic layout of the periodic table
To list and locate element groups
To describe similar properties among groups/families