12 arranging the elements c h 12 t he p eriodic t able
TRANSCRIPT
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12 Arranging the Elements
CH 12 THE PERIODIC TABLE
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DISCOVERING A PATTERN
Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a __________ to the elements in _____.
First he wrote the ________________________ of the elements on cards.
Then he arranged his cards in order of increasing _______. A pattern appeared!
__________- happening at regular intervals, like days of the week.
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ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES OCCURRED IN A
REPEATING PATTERN.
A deck of
cards can be
divided into
__________.
Each suit can
be ordered
from ace to
king.
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DISCOVERING A PATTERN
Mendeleev predicted that elements yet to be found would _______________in his table.
He was right! Missing element ____ into his gap.
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CHANGING THE ARRANGEMENT
Some elements did not fit in the table by increasing atomic mass – so Mendeleev _________________.
1914 Henry Moseley determined the number of _________in an element. When the periodic table was arranged by increasing _______________, all elements fit the table.
____________-Repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements’ atomic numbers.
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THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF
ELEMENTS
Metals – found to the _____ of the zigzag line
Few __________ in the outer energy level
All ________ at room temp. except Mercury (Hg)
_________
_________
_________
______ conductors
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METALS
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THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF
ELEMENTS
Nonmetals - found to the _____ of the zigzag line
almost a complete outer energy level (Group 18 is complete)
more than half are _______ at room temp.
not ____________
not __________
not _______
not good conductors (good ________________)
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THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF
ELEMENTS
Metalloids – found _____ the zigzag
outer energy level is ____ full
have some properties of _______
have some properties of ___________
sometimes called ______________________
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DECODING THE PERIODIC TABLE
Each square on the periodic table includes:
______________
______________
______________
_____________
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DECODING THE PERIODIC TABLE
Period- Each ____________ row of elements
Group- Each _______________of elements.
Elements in the same group have ___________ properties.
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5.2 GROUPING THE ELEMENTS
Group 1 – _______________
Elements in group 1 of the periodic table
One __________________(electron in the highest occupied energy level)
___________because they can easily give away the 1 electron
Often stored in _____ because they react violently with water and oxygen
_____, ______ color, shiny and low density
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GROUP 1 - ALKALI METALS
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GROUP 2 – ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2 – ________________________
Elements in group 2 of the periodic table
____ valence electrons
______ less reactive than alkali metals because it’s harder to give away 2 electrons
_____ color, higher density
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GROUP 2 – ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Chlorophyll contains Mg; oyster shell, pearl, and cast contain calcium
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GROUP 3-12 – TRANSITION METALS
Group 3-12 – _______________
Do not give away __________ as easily as group 1 or 2
_________valence electrons
_____, ____________, higher densities and melting points (except Hg)
Some transition metals from periods _______appear below the table to save space. Elements in each row tend to have similar properties
Lanthanides-
Actinides- ___________ , or __________. Elements listed after plutonium do not occur naturally.
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GROUP 13 BORON GROUP
Group 13 ____________
___ metals, ___ metalloid
___ valence electrons
______ at room temp.
____ is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust
reactive
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GROUP 13 BORON GROUP
Flasks made
from glass
contain ______.
This type of
glass does not
______ as
easily as glass
without boron.
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GROUP 14 CARBON GROUP
Group 14 - ___________________
___ valence electrons
_________ at room temp.
_______ is needed in body for carbs, fats, and protein.
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GROUP 14 CARBON GROUP
Clay used to
make this
pottery
contains
___________.
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GROUP 15 NITROGEN GROUP
Group 15 __________________
___ electrons in outer energy level
most are solids at room temp. except ___
__ is 80% of the air we breathe, fertilizer
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GROUP 15 NITROGEN GROUP
Fertilizers
contain
________ and
___________.
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GROUP 16 OXYGEN GROUP
Group 16 _________________
___ valence electrons
______________
__ is 20% air and needed for substances to _____
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GROUP 16 OXYGEN GROUP
______ is
often found
in nature in
its elemental
form. (Smells
like rotten
eggs.)
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GROUP 17 HALOGENS
Group 17 _____________
__ valence electrons
very ___________
_______________
poor conductors
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GROUP 17 HALOGENS
Iron in steel
wool reacts
violently
with
__________.
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GROUP 18 NOBLE GASES
Group 18 _____________
All _____________
___ valence electrons
________________
___________, __________ gases at room temp.
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GROUP 18 NOBLE GASES
Electric current
passed through
noble gases
produces
colors:
He = ____
Ne = ______
Ar = _________
Kr = _______
Xe = ______
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HYDROGEN
Hydrogen
____ valence electron
_______,colorless, __________,
__________ reactions w/ oxygen