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A monthly anatomy magazine

Year: 1

Issue: 1

October 2012

©

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Page 2 Anatomy Monthly Board

3 From the Dean’s Desk

4 Editor’s Corner

5 Interview with Prof. Dr. Alaittin Elhan

7 How to write anatomy in different languages

8 Anatopuzzle

9 Clinican’s Corner

10 Tips on studying anatomy from the medical students of the world

12 Tips from last year’s students

13 Galen in anatomy history

14 Soldiers back home with new bones

16 Three facts about The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

17 Departments of Anatomy of the world

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Owner Prof.Dr. Ayça Vitrinel

Dean, Medical School of Yeditepe University

Editor Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.

Yeditepe University Medical School Department of Anatomy

Assistant Editor Dilara Akçal

3rd year student, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine

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Dear first year medical students of Medical School of Yeditepe University,

Not only as the Dean of Yeditepe University Medical School, but also as a specialist in Pediatrics, anatomy

has been one of the core subjects of medicine for me. Dealing with kids and their diseases in my daily life, I use

anatomy knowledge very often and in each aspect of my relation with the curing process. To examine the sick

child, I need anatomy. In order to come to a conclusion on the cause of the illness I need anatomy, and so on.

Knowing how important anatomy knowledge is as a physician, I do appreciate that you, the medical

students; the pioneers of the medical services in Turkey for the third decade of the 21st century, should take the

anatomy class seriously.

Having said that, in North America the professionalists have been discussing the work and life balance for

years. You should study well, but also contribute to social activities and enjoy being a university student.

I do belive that Anatomy Monthly (both reading and contributing to it as a writer) you will be able to do both at

once; you will study well and have an extracurricular activity.

I hope you enjoy the very first issue of your new magazine; Anatomy Monthly. I wish each of you success

in your first academic year and the years coming by.

Your Dean

Prof. Dr. Ayça Vitrinel

Medical School of Yeditepe University İstanbul, Turkey

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Hello from the very the first issue of the new anatomy magazine: Anatomy Monthly.

The idea of having an anatomy magazine for my first year medical students might have several exciting

benefits. The Anatomy Monthly can be a platform to present extracurricular information, increase the interest

to my anatomy class and have fun together with my students and colleagues. The plan is to have my students

and my colleagues on the board for the following issues.

Including this very first issue, each issue’s topics will be on the anatomy classes of the month before the issue.

In September the classes were:

Introduction to anatomy

Terminology in anatomy

Introduction to systematic anatomy

Introduction to regional anatomy

General considerations on bones

You are going to find in the following pages and in each issue:

An anatomy puzzle; on the topics of the classes the month before with a reward Tips about anatomy Clinican’s Corner; a perspective from a clinican Three facts about The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp Departments of Anatomy of the world; where you will get to know a department of Anatomy

somewhere in the world.

Special for this issue is an interview with one of the most prestigious anatomists in Turkey, Dr. Alaittin Elhan who retired this year. I thank to Dilara and Prof. Dr. İbrahim Tekdemir, a colleague of Dr. Elhan from the same department; of Ankara University for their great efforts. This issue, we have tips on learning anatomy from medical students who took anatomy before. They are writing from different countries; from New Zealand to Libya. Additionally, Bersu who was our first year medical student last year shared her thoughts with us on learning anatomy. Dilara has come up with an essay on history of anatomy and Galen; the first major anatomist in history who is actually from Bergama, Turkey. I have two essays; one on writing “anatomy” in different languages. I really did enjoy writing it. Hope you do the same reading it. And there is an essay on world peace and heterotopic ossification. Enjoy Anatomy Monthly! Peace!

Assistant Prof. Dr. Kaan Yücel Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Yeditepe University

İstanbul, Turkey

P.S.: Dilara Akçal is a third year student at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine. While I was talking about my “Anatomy Monthly” Project at the XIV. National Anatomy Congress held

in Ankara this to her, she kindly accepted to become a volunteer for this project.

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INTERVIEW WITH PROF. DR. ALAITTIN ELHAN

Prof. Dr. Alaittin Elhan, born in 1945 in Kilis, Turkey finished primary school in Gaziantep, and secondary

school and high school in Ankara. He graduated from Ankara University Veterinary School in 1969 and started his

Ph.D. at the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Ankara University. Finishing his Ph.D. thesis titled as

“The anatomy of inguinal canal in some mammalians” in 1974, he started working as a faculty member at the

Department of Anatomy. He became Professor of Anatomy in 1988. He has hundreds of articles published in

national and international journals. He had been the Head of the Department of Anatomy of Ankara University

Medical School since 1997 till his retirement in the summer of 2012. He is married with two children and three

grandchildren. The two-volumed anatomy textbook he wrote with Dr. Kaplan Arıncı is one of the most popular

anatomy textbooks written in Turkish.

The most recent (XIV.) National Anatomy Congress, held in Ankara in the summer of 2012 was organized

for the honour of Dr. Elhan. We as “Anatomy Monthly” asked Dr. Elhan, a living legend anatomist, to give us an

interview for our first issue. We are grateful that he spared time for us and shared his perspective on anatomy

education, with an experience of more than forty years with us.

Dilara Akçal, one of the last students of Dr. Elhan, has accomplished the interview.

Prof.Dr. Alaittin Elhan at the XIV. National Anatomy Congress with his colleagues

1- How did you start studying anatomy and why?

Human body especially motion system works according to mechanic rules. Due to my interest in

mechanics, while a freshman in medical school, anatomy lessons attracted my attention and I got high marks. In

the last year of my faculty, my eye diseases teacher said, “if the one doesn’t know eye’s anatomy, one can’t treat

eye disease.” And then he asked me to explain eye's anatomy in the exam. I explained so well that my teacher said

that he had no more question for me, so I could leave. Then, I was given 100 marks for that exam. As a result, I

may say that I have started anatomy at my first year of faculty.

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2- What has changed in the field of anatomy in terms of facility and resources since you started anatomy

education ?

When I started anatomy lesson at medical school, nearly all the doctors preferred clinical branches, so it

was difficult to find academic staff. But now, it is possible to find enough academic staff, since the importance of

basic medicine has been well understood. It was easier to get cadaver and we could procure enough for annual

education. But now it has become very difficult. We used to have a difficult time to get information, Now,

information is at our fingertips. Technology has made life easier for educators.

3- What are the fields of interest in your career?

Every part of human body is in my fields of interest, among which inguinal region, ear, base of skull as

well as central nervous system are my special areas of interest.

4- Can you explain briefly the importance of anatomy lesson?

To repair a device, you have to know its mechanism and how it works. You have to know what will happen

when some part of it is disabled. Here, a doctor especially surgeons should know very well human body, i.e.

human anatomy.

5- What are your advices for new medical students on how to study anatomy?

A first-year medical student should love his/her profession and aim to be a good doctor. Every student who

has this goal will be successful. I learned anatomy by studying, learning Turkish equivalences of Latin terms,

drawing schematic shapes, writing Latin terms which would appear in next anatomy lesson and explaining to my

classmates again and again. While explaining if I could use all the terms I had written down, I would conclude that

I had learned that lesson. Students definitely have to study from detailed books and anatomy atlas if possible,

instead of abstracts. It is not possible for a student to keep in mind all information he has read. He will definitely

forget some part of them. If they study from summaries, only abstract of summery will remain in their mind. But

this wouldn't be enough. I would suggest them to learn this knowledge through three dimensional study on cadaver

and scale model.

Prof.Dr. Alaittin Elhan

Interview by Dilara Akçal

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anatomy,anatomi,anatomia, anatomie

Here is the Oxford dictionary definition of the word “anatomy” for you: the branch of science concerned with the

bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the

separation of parts. The word anatomy originates from the ancient Greek word “-temnein" which means "to cut".

If you get rid of the letter "y" at the end of the word "anatomy" and replace it with an "a"; you find yourself in a

Mediterranean country (Italy, Portugal and Spain) or somewhere in the middle Europe (Hungary, Poland and

Slovakia), as you write anatomy as anatomia in the languages spoken in these countries. Interestingly, it is so for

the Finnish language.

Except for Finland, in all the languages of the Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweeden), and in my own mother

language, Turkish, anatomy is anatomi. In Malay language (the national language of the national language of

Indonesia (as Indonesian), Malaysia (also known as Malaysian), and Brunei and one of four official languages of

Singapore) you also write "anatomy" as anatomi.

If you add the letter -e at the end and making the word "anatomie"; then we are talking French, German, Czech,

Dutch and Romanian.

If you want to visit the Baltic or Balkans; then the word anatomy become a little bit longer; anatomija.

(Slovenian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Serbian and Croatian).

Estonia has a cool name for anatomy; anatoomia. In Philippines, they speak Filipino, and call anatomy as

anatomya.

All seems similar, no? Then, why not try this one from Vietnamese; khoa giải phẫu or Líffærafræði in Icelandic

language.

Asking for my favourite for anatomy in another language? Definitely, in Welsh: anatomeg...

by Kaan Yücel

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Across

4. his drawings based on animal anatomy have found places in textbooks for 1500 years

8. sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction movements 9. vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body, dividing the body into right and

left halves 10. İbn-i Sina's name known by the world

Down 1. the father of medicine

2. bending the foot and toes toward the ground 3. cells which supports the neurons

5. nervous system that controls skeletal muscles 6. ...anatomy provides knowledge of what lies under the skin and what structures are

palpable in the living body. 7. an anatomy atlas You can print out the puzzle, complete it and throw it under my office door in an envelope your name is written on. My office is @ 6th floor, Room # 1025. Alternatively, you can copy it into a Power Point slide, and complete it that way. Once you solve the anatopuzzle that way, please send it to yeditepeanatomy@yahoo.com.

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The importance of anatomy knowledge

from our retired medical professors of Turkey

Dear my colleagues,

An old philosopher described medicine as a bird with one of its wings being art, and the other wing being science.

We, while performing our profession/art our instrument is the human body. The privilege of making decisions

over another person’s body has been given to the medical doctors only. This glorious privilege brings a big

responsibility with itself. We have to know the perfect masterpiece of the nature very well, learn how it works, so

that we can touch it, we can love it and we can cure it. While we just want to put on our white coats on, and find

ourselves at the clinics at the very first year of the medical school, anatomy and physiology classes might not seem

so attractive. We, however, should not forget that the better we familiarize with our instrument, the better we will

perform our art.

With my wishes of good luck,

Prof. Dr. Filiz Ersel Tüzüner

Specialist of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Retired professor of Akdeniz University

Out of the correctly solved puzzles sent to this e-mail address by

the first year medical students of Yeditepe University

before midnight of 7. October.2012 Sunday, there will be a draw.

The student whose name comes out of the draw will be

taken to lunch with a friend he or she chooses by Dr.Kaan Yücel.

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Question # 1: Your tips for learning/ studying anatomy to the first year medical students

Question # 2: Why is anatomy important throughout the entire medical education, especially

after you are done with anatomy?

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Ivan Alexy Espinoza Aguiriano

18 years old

Anatomy

National Autonomous University of Honduras

Answer:

The anatomy is a fundamental part of medicine. Therefore we, as the future doctors, must know the body and the

anatomical structure of our patients perfectly. That way, we can offer a better service and help our patients ease

or eradicate their complaints.

The best doctor handles the contents of anatomy and in daily practice learns more about biological processes

going through in the human body.

For a true beginner to anatomy, it is crucial to know the available course tools. First of all, because Kaan Hoca is

an active user and big fan of social media, effective use of those outlets is a major plus in order to be updated with

the schedule and benefit from further information that he will be providing you with. Secondly, personalize your

anatomy atlas. Don’t hesitate to take notes on your atlas or use a highlight parts you deem important.

Unfortunately, taking a quick look at class notes neither brings you success in the long run nor helps you

determine the vital correlations that might exist. Thus, reviewing the material plays a key role for anatomy. Being

familiar with the vocabulary of the pertinent lecture will maximize your efficiency. So, my advice to you is to take

a look at the Powerpoint slides beforehand. Since the lecture itself is a review in itself, it is wise to attend classes

for keeping track of the schedule. Besides, you will hear many tips and tricks from Kaan Hoca during the lectures,

which will help you induce the overarching theme.

Bersu

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Galen in Anatomy History

In Galen’s time, the Roman Empire ruled Greece.

Like the Greeks, the Romans did not believe in human dissection Galen was able to find other ways to

answer his questions about human anatomy. He found out all he could from studying the outside of the body. He

felt bones and muscles to understand their structure and movement. Galen also dissected thousands of animals,

especially Barbary apes.

While Galen was in Alexandria, he was able to study the records of two Greek physicians, Herophilus and

Erasistratus, who performed the first recorded dissections of the human body around 200 B.C.Egyptian law also

did not allow human dissection, but Egyptian rulers had supplied the school at Alexandria with the bodies of some

convicts allowing the two physicians to dissect them. Galen also learned about human anatomy in the gladiator

ring. One of his first positions was official doctor to the gladiators in Pergamum.

Throughout the Roman Empire, gladiators fought to the death with swords and other weapons. In treating

their broken bones and open wounds, Galen was able to observe many features of human anatomy. He proved that

the arteries contained blood, not an air-like substance called “pneuma,” as had been believed. His theory was that

blood was produced from food intake and that nutrition was supplied to the body from blood flowing in the veins

and arteries.

Galen identified the muscles, valves, and main blood channels of the heart, but it wasn’t until 1628 that

blood circulation was truly understood. He learned that all nerves are connected to the brain, many of them

through the spinal cord. He cut the spinal cord of animals at different levels and showed which functions were

affected. He proved that the larynx and not the heart was responsible for the voice and that speech originates from

the brain. Galen showed that muscles work together.

by Dilara Akçal

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These numbers above mean nothing, if one does not go into each soldier’s unique story. The history of this

planet contains a long list of bloody wars. Some have returned home safe and some after leaving their arms or legs

on the battlefields. This part of the first issue is on the soldiers of the latter kind.

Tom was a young man from Tucson, Arizona. The same town with Jojo in the Beatles song “Get Back”. He

never knew that a country, on which he had no idea a year ago, would be that important in his life: Afghanistan.

A missile without any mercy hit his right leg on a hot dry Kabul afternoon. He came to himself after a couple of

long summer days. When he was himself again, he was lacking one right leg.

65% of the U.S. soldiers whose limbs (arms or legs) were amputated had developed a condition called:

heterotopic ossification (HO). It literally means; formation of bones in another region; other than the skeletal

system. It general occurs following a trauma in soft tissues. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this condition

is more common than it was thought before in soldier amputees.

The risks for development of HO include extensive soft-tissue dissection, lack of oxygen in the muscle

(muscle ischaemia), soft-tissue trauma, bone trauma, and the presence of bone debris , devitalized tissue,

haematoma and infection. All these are present in significant amounts in the military casualty.

Actually, the HO can occur following a long list of situations; very rarely secondary to genetic causes such

as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, and trauma (including burns), surgery for hip arthroplasty or treatment of

elbow and acetabular (hip) fractures, and neurologic injury (spinal and brain injury).

According to unknownnews.org almost 1 million people were

killed in Iraq and Afghanistan upon all these years of conflict on

these lands.

More than 3,000 U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan and 30,000 in

Iraq were seriously injured.

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Here is a picture of heterotopic ossification in an amputated leg from USA Today.

HO can be seen weeks after the amputation surgery. Fortunately, some patients with combat-related HO

remain entirely asymptomatic and no specific treatment is indicated. In many others, lesions are transiently painful

and symptoms subside as adjacent joint motion improves, residual limb ‘‘toughening’’ occurs.

HO jeopardizes functional outcome, impairs rehabilitation and is costly because of secondary surgical

procedures. So this pathological condition affects both the individual and the society. To prevent HO from

occurring in the residual limbs following amputation non-steroidal analgesic-anti-inflammatory drugs such as

ibuprofen or radiation therapy are recommended.

As you see in addition to the psychological trauma of an amputation, a soldier can also suffer from an extra

problem; new bones in the site of amputation. I know the best way of preventing the formation of heterotopic

ossification: Less wars in the world!!! As a result people will not loose their lives or limbs.

As the founder of our country Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said “Peace at homeland, peace in the world!”

References

1) Brown KV, Dharm-Datta S, Potter BK, Etherington J, Mistlin A, Hsu JR, Clasper JC. Comparison of development of heterotopic ossification in injured US and UK Armed Services personnel with combat-related amputations: preliminary findings and hypotheses regarding causality. J Trauma. 2010;69:S116-22.

2) Potter BK, Forsberg JA, Davis TA, Evans KN, Hawksworth JS, Tadaki D, Brown TS, Crane NJ, Burns TC, O'Brien FP, Elster EA.Heterotopic ossification following combat-related trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:74-89. 3) http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-heterotopic-ossification.htm 4) Forsberg JA, Potter BK. Heterotopic ossification in wartime wounds. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2010;19:54-61.

by Kaan Yücel

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In each issue, you will get three facts about this masterpiece of the Dutch painter Rembrandt.

Date of painting: 16 January 1632

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Dutch painter, 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669) was only 26 at the time

of the painting

Self-portrait of Rembrandt

The original painting is in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands.

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The world was big in 1800s and in 1900s. We are in a new century now, and thanks to the advanced technology

the world is not so big anymore.

In front a computer hooked up to internet you can reach anywhere in the world in seconds. This gives you the

opportunity of feeling more a part of the big blue marble, rather than living in a city somewhere on the planet.

Each issue, I will introduce you a Department of Anatomy. When you write "department of anatomy" in Google,

the top of the list is the Department of Anatomy of University of Wisconsin Medical School.

Wisoncin is a mid-west state in U.S.A. Madison, the capital of the Wisconsin is where the university is located.

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Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

The Department of Anatomy's website has an elegant look: http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/

The Chair of the Department Dr. John Hartig is mainly interested in visual anatomy. The Department has four

research groups involved in embryologic/developmental science and stem cells. The Systems Neuroscience Group

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is interested in the development and organization of neural circuits. Well, we can say that the Department is

mainly focused on developmental anatomy; a.k.a embryos.

You can get detailed information about the research at the Department of Anatomy of University of Wisconsion-

Madison here @ http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/research.html.

An important feature of their website is the link to teaching resources where you can watch 27 dissection videos

after downloading Quick Time, if you do not have it on your computer already.

http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/courses/gross/index.html

The videos' durations are between 8 to 35 minutes.

I do suggest that you copy the link above somewhere and watch the videos from 20th to 27th when the time

comes.

The Department has also a Body Donation Program and presents a detailed page with Frequently Asked Questions

which makes everyhing easier for the interested reader: http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/bodydonationprogram.html

If we summarize everything above in a sentence: The Department of Anatomy of University of Wisconsin-

Madison Medical School is mainly interested in developmental anatomy; the development of the embryo and the

best part of their website is that it has 27 dissection videos.

Let me finish this section, by giving you some perspective.

In North America the research train runs with the fuel of "grants". The grant is money given to a research group by

a foundation. It is a highly competetive environment. As you get more grants, you will have a stronger CV; a

document of your background which you will present to the next foundation to get your project granted. If you are

thinking doing medical research abroad, it is wise to get in touch with people, scientists who speak the same

language with you. What do I mean?

For example, if you want to do research at the Department of Anatomy I have introduced you above, you need to

be a person who has done stuff on developmental anatomy, dealing with embryos. You need to show that you can

do the work, by showing your strong background, and interest in the past on that topic.

University of Wisconsin Medical School Campus

by Kaan Yücel