a modified constructed wetland system for greywater...
TRANSCRIPT
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A modified constructed wetland system for greywater treatment and reuse
Jhonatan B. da Silva, Paulo J.A. Oliveira, Marc Á. BonczPaula L. Paulo
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Contains chemicals and hardly any nutrients
High solids concentration (even light gw (hair and lint)
Due to (among others):
• dynamics and behaviour of individuals, sanitary standards, age, lifestyle, eating habits, water use and availability, choice on personal care and household products
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Composition and volume /person highly variable
BackgroundGreywater (gw)
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choice – some points to be considered
• required quality of the effluent (reuse applicable?)
• Sustainability of household or small scale system:• Cost• Operation and maintenance requirements• Odour nuisance• Health risks
BackgroundGreywater treatment (small scale)
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Natural treatment systems
• Good visual impact• Landscaping: total integration with ndividual gardens
or common areas (condominial)• May promote water conservation by the direct reuse of
GW• Increase of green sites in urban areas – expected
contribution to an improvement of microclimate.
Background Greywater treatment
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Constructed wetlands
• Most common system for small scale greywater treatment (peri-urban, rural areas)
• Simplified and low-cost treatment system • Clog easily depending on substrate type and influent
characteristics• Requires a pre-treatment unit (e.g. septic or sed tank)
How to adapt for the use in urban area?
Background Greywater treatment
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high variationComposition and volume
High impactHousehold or swws
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soil and plants based system
• Inbuilt AnC (car tires)• Layers of different substrates• Fast growing, high water
consumption plants• Effluent percolates upwards
through the layers
BackgroundEvapotranspiration tank (Tevap)
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• AnC replaces a pre-treatment unit• retaining solids • equalising the inflows
• avoiding clogging• improving the stability of the
system • low maintenance
BackgroundHypothesis
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CEvaTAnC
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• Combination of CEvaT + HSSF-CW• Main focus: direct reuse of gw for
gardening using the system itself
BackgroundEvaTAC
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CEvaTHSSF-CW
EVaTAC
greywater
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BackgroundEvaTAC
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CEvaTZero discharge
HSSF-CW
Combination of units: depends on final use (if any)
CEvaT + HSSF-CWTreated GW
GW
CEvaT
CEvaTCEvaT
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• To propose a modified design of a cw system for GW - EvaTAC
• To better understand the capacity of the AnC to equalise the daily variation of flow and organic load in the EvaTAC.
• real scale EvaTAC system
• 24 hours and 8 days monitoring profiles
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Objectives
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Dimensions
CEvaT: 2.0 m × 1 m × 1.05 m (level exit - 0.74 m)
HSSF-CW: 2.0 m × 1 m × 0.60 m (level exit - 0.4 m)
Material
Masonry, lined with Fiberglass
Full scale - 3 persons household
3 years in operation, Light greywater
Ornamental Plants
White ginger, Caladium, Canna x generalis
(beri), heliconia pisittacorum (parrot´s peak)11
Material & MethodsExperimental setup - EvaTAC
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Material & MethodsExperimental setup - EvaTAC
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gravel n 4
gravel n 2
soil
fine gravel
grav
el n
2
grav
el n
2
HSSF-CW
CEvaTAnC
piezometersFiberglassD=0.5 m
• Filtering material
• Gravel (different particle sizes)
• Soil
• Geotextile blanket
• Bottom slope: 1%
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Material & Methodsmonitoring profiles
.
P1P2
P3
P4
Profile A24 h, sinks and showersProfile B24h , sinks, showers and laundry (washingmachine)Profile C 8 days, same as B
PZ
• Greywater characterisation (routine simulation)
• Interviews• Questionnaires (filled during the profiles)
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Material & MethodsMonitoring profiles
Quantitativecharacterisation
• Flow meters (generationpoints)
• P4 - Ultrasonic flow meter
• Levellogers (piezometers– closest to the exit in both units)
• Meteorological station(hidrological conditions)
Qualitativecharacterisation
• grab or composite samples - depending on situation
• Parameters
• CODtotal, CODsoluble, Solids, turbidity, pH
• Sensors: temperature, conductivity, redox potential.
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ResultsProfile B - Flow patterns and level
15
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Q (
L.m
in-1
)
Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4
bath 1 bath 2 washing
rinsing
73
74
75
76
77
78
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Lev
el C
Ev
aT
(cm
)
35
36
37
38
39
40
Lev
el H
SS
F-C
W (
cm)
Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW
DAYNIGHT NIGHT
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ResultsProfile B - Flow patterns and level
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Q (
L.m
in-1
)
Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4
bath 1 bath 2 washing
rinsing
73
74
75
76
77
78
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Lev
el C
Ev
aT
(cm
)
35
36
37
38
39
40
Lev
el H
SS
F-C
W (
cm)
Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW
DAYNIGHT NIGHT
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ResultsProfile B - Flow patterns and level
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Q (
L.m
in-1
)
Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4
bath 1 bath 2 washing
rinsing
73
74
75
76
77
78
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Lev
el C
Ev
aT
(cm
)
35
36
37
38
39
40
Lev
el H
SS
F-C
W (
cm)
Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW
DAYNIGHT NIGHT
Level CW
Level CEvaT
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ResultsProfile B - Flow patterns and level
18
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Q (
L.m
in-1
)
Q - P1 Q - P3 Q - P4
bath 1 bath 2 washing
rinsing
73
74
75
76
77
78
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (d)
Lev
el C
Ev
aT
(cm
)
35
36
37
38
39
40
Lev
el H
SS
F-C
W (
cm)
Level CEvaT Level HSSF-CW
DAYNIGHT NIGHT
Level CW
Level CEvaT
evapotranspiration
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A
ResultsProfiles A, B and C
Inflow volume and Evapotranspiration
B C A B C
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A
ResultsEvapotranspiration – Profiles A, B and C
B C A B C
CEvAT HSSF-CW
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CEvaT – higher potential for evapotranspiration (soil, plants density)
About 4 times the Evap in the HSSF-CW
A
ResultsEvapotranspiration – Profiles A, B and C
B C A B C
CEvAT HSSF-CW
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Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)
QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1
sampling
pointP1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4
CODt(mg.L-1)
290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)
T(NTU)
60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)
Resultsqualitative - Profiles B and C
COD and Turbidity to illustrate behaviour
No means to assess removal efficiency
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Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)
QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1
sampling
pointP1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4
CODt(mg.L-1)
290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)
T(NTU)
60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)
Resultsqualitative - Profiles B and C
Turbidity
Low variation between AnC and CevAT (P2 - P3)
Most retained in HSSF-CW (P4)
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Profile B (1 d) Profile C (8 d)
QP1 = 8.3 L.min-1 QP1 = 6.6 ± 2.2(36) L.min-1
sampling
pointP1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4
CODt(mg.L-1)
290 113 55 41 307 ± 190(8) 147 ± 67(8) 118 ± 21(8) 73 ± 16(8)
T(NTU)
60 35 40 9.3 56 ± 17(8) 45 ± 17(8) 43 ± 12(8) 10 ± 1.5(8)
Resultsqualitative - Profiles B and C
Profiles B and C higher variation than Profile AP1 - CODtotal as high as 900 mg.L-1
HRT (average)CEvaT – 3 to 6 daysHSSF-CW – 1.8 to 2 days
EVaTAC - 5 to 8 days
Does not reflect in final effluent (Profile C – 8d)
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Resultsqualitative - Profile B
25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
P1-1 P1-2 P1-3 P2-1 P2-2 P2-3 P2-4 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P4-1 P4-2 P4-3
CO
D (
mg
.L-1
)
CODtotal CODdissolved
Variation of COD (total and dissolved) along P1 to P4
Inlet
AnC
outletCEvaT
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Resultsqualitative - Profile B
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
P1-1 P1-2 P1-3 P2-1 P2-2 P2-3 P2-4 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P4-1 P4-2 P4-3
CO
D (
mg
.L-1
)
CODtotal CODdissolvedAnaerobic chamber
Indicates mixture in the AnC –mixed flow reator?
Variation of COD (total and dissolved) along P1 to P4W
ash
ing
mac
hin
e
sho
we
r
Bef
ore
wm
Aft
er
wm
Stable valuesfor COD in P4 along Profiles
B and C
outlet
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Conclusions
• Monitoring profiles - appropriate tool to better understand the capacity of the AnC to equalise the daily variation of flow and organic load in the EvaTAC .
• For low flows (sinks and showers) no mixing observed in the. For higher flows (e.g. washing machine) the AnC attenuates the peak load and stabilises the system.
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• AnC replaces a pre-treatment unit.
• The HSSF-CW operates as an efficient polishing unit.
• CEvaT and HSSF-CW complement each other.
• 3 years of operation: no sludge withdrawal, no maintenance in the distribution pipe (inlet) of the HSSF-CW.
• householders routine undisturbed, rendering a green site totally integrated into the garden, without the use of potable water for irrigation.
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Conclusions
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During the experiments (2015)
Present days (2016)
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Thanks for the attention!
AcknowledgmentsFINEP – project nº.01.10.0507.00
Fundect- MS – project nº 021/11 and PhD grant