a merican c ivicsholt holt, rinehart and winston1 chapter 7 the judicial branch section 1:equal...
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
The Judicial BranchThe Judicial BranchSection 1:Section 1: Equal Justice Under the LawEqual Justice Under the Law
Section 2:Section 2: The Federal Court SystemThe Federal Court System
Section 3:Section 3: The Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How does majority rule affect the making of How does majority rule affect the making of
laws, and why is obeying laws important?laws, and why is obeying laws important? What are the four types of U.S. laws?What are the four types of U.S. laws? What roles do the courts play in the United What roles do the courts play in the United
States?States?
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Majority rule affects the making of Majority rule affects the making of laws.laws. Laws usually reflect the opinion of the Laws usually reflect the opinion of the
majority.majority. Laws are passed for the good of all citizens.Laws are passed for the good of all citizens. Good citizenship involves abiding by the Good citizenship involves abiding by the
laws.laws. Without laws, anarchy could develop.Without laws, anarchy could develop.
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Four types of U.S. laws:Four types of U.S. laws: Statutory lawStatutory law——passed by lawmaking bodiespassed by lawmaking bodies Common lawCommon law——judges’ decisions based on judges’ decisions based on
common sense, experience, and practicecommon sense, experience, and practice Administrative lawAdministrative law——created by government created by government
agenciesagencies Constitutional lawConstitutional law——based on the Constitution based on the Constitution
and its interpretation by the Courtand its interpretation by the Court
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Role of the Courts in the United StatesRole of the Courts in the United States Use law to settle disputesUse law to settle disputes Assure equal justice for all through fair trialsAssure equal justice for all through fair trials
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Which cases are tried in the federal courts?Which cases are tried in the federal courts? How are federal courts organized?How are federal courts organized? What is the Supreme Court’s role in the What is the Supreme Court’s role in the
judicial system?judicial system?
Section 2:Section 2: The Federal Court SystemThe Federal Court System
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Cases tried in the federal courts:Cases tried in the federal courts: Cases involving people charged with Cases involving people charged with
disobeying the Constitution, violating a U.S. disobeying the Constitution, violating a U.S. treaty, or breaking laws passed by Congresstreaty, or breaking laws passed by Congress
Charges brought by a foreign country against Charges brought by a foreign country against the United States or its citizensthe United States or its citizens
Crimes committed on U.S. ships at seaCrimes committed on U.S. ships at sea
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Cases tried in the federal courts: Cases tried in the federal courts: (continued)(continued)
Ambassadors and consuls charged with Ambassadors and consuls charged with breaking laws in a foreign countrybreaking laws in a foreign country
Crimes committed on certain federal Crimes committed on certain federal propertiesproperties
Disagreements between the statesDisagreements between the states Lawsuits between citizens of different statesLawsuits between citizens of different states
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Organization of Federal CourtsOrganization of Federal Courts NinetyNinety--four district courtsfour district courts——at base of system; at base of system;
jury trials held herejury trials held here Courts of AppealCourts of Appeal——review district court cases; 12 review district court cases; 12
courts of appeal cover circuits; panels of judges courts of appeal cover circuits; panels of judges make the decisionsmake the decisions
U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court——highest court in the land; highest court in the land; an appeals court; decisions are finalan appeals court; decisions are final
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Role of the Supreme CourtRole of the Supreme Court Reviews cases from lower federal courts and Reviews cases from lower federal courts and
state courtsstate courts Constitutional jurisdiction over:Constitutional jurisdiction over:
cases involving diplomatic representatives from cases involving diplomatic representatives from other countriesother countries
disputes between statesdisputes between states disputes between states and federal governmentdisputes between states and federal government
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What is the process through which cases are What is the process through which cases are
tried in the Supreme Court?tried in the Supreme Court? How do justices get appointed to the Supreme How do justices get appointed to the Supreme
Court, and how long do they serve?Court, and how long do they serve? How has judicial review strengthened the How has judicial review strengthened the
Court’s power, and how does Congress limit Court’s power, and how does Congress limit this power?this power?
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Process through which cases are Process through which cases are tried in the Supreme Court:tried in the Supreme Court: Thousands of cases are appealed to the Court each Thousands of cases are appealed to the Court each
year.year. One hundred to 200 cases are selected for the One hundred to 200 cases are selected for the docketdocket.. Selected cases contain significant public interest or Selected cases contain significant public interest or
questions.questions. Four out of nine justices must vote to hear a case.Four out of nine justices must vote to hear a case. Previous verdicts stand for rejected cases.Previous verdicts stand for rejected cases.
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Supreme Court justicesSupreme Court justices are appointed by the president and approved are appointed by the president and approved
by a Senate majority vote.by a Senate majority vote. are appointed for life but may be impeached.are appointed for life but may be impeached.
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Judicial review has strengthened the Judicial review has strengthened the Court’s power.Court’s power. Courts decide if a law or presidential action is Courts decide if a law or presidential action is
constitutional.constitutional. Supreme Court has the ultimate power of Supreme Court has the ultimate power of
judicial review.judicial review.
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Congress can limit the Court’s power.Congress can limit the Court’s power. Can rewrite laws to make them constitutionalCan rewrite laws to make them constitutional Can amend the Constitution to include new Can amend the Constitution to include new
lawslaws
Section 3:Section 3: The Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court