holt, rinehart and winston a merican government holt 1 the u.s. constitution section 1: basic...
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
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The U.S. ConstitutionThe U.S. ConstitutionSection 1: Basic Principles
Section 2: Amending the Constitution
Section 3: A Flexible Document
Section 4: The Constitution and the Public Good
CHAPTER 3
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Section 1: Basic Principles
Objectives:What are the five basic principles on which the U.S.
Constitution is based?How does the Constitution ensure the people’s
authority over government?How does the Constitution provide for a system of
limited government?In what way does the Constitution protect the rights of
the states?
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Section 1: Basic Principles
Basic principles which form the basis of the U.S. Constitution:popular sovereigntylimited governmentseparation of powerschecks and balancesjudicial review
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Section 1: Basic Principles
How the Constitution ensures popular sovereignty:All the power of the government resides in the people,
exercised by elected representatives. (Aristotle)Avoids aristocracy,monarchy and a direct democracy“A republic if you can keep it.” - Ben Franklin
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Section 1: Basic Principles
Ways the Constitution limits government: Holds that government is not all powerful.
Government has authority because people give itFederalism (local,state,national)Change by electoral process
Referendum > Initiative > Petition >
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Section 1: Basic Principles
Separation of PowersEnsures that all government power doesn’t fall into the hands of one person or group of peopleLegislative > Makes the laws (Article I) Power of PurseExecutive > Enforces laws (Article II) State of Union Judicial > Interprets laws (Article III) Serve for life, salary can
never be reduced. No fear of retribution
In theory it’s 3 separate branches exercising powers over the other, but in reality it’s “three separate institutions sharing powers”
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Section 1: Basic Principles
Checks and Balances
Giving each branch of government some form of control over the other branches
Example:
President: Power to appoint Judges, Pardon Powers
Senate: Approves Federal Judges,Power to alter size of Supreme Court
Judicial: Chief Justice presides as President of Senate during presidential Impeachment, Judicial Review > unconstitutional
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Section 2: Amending the Constitution
Objectives:Why did the framers establish ways to amend the
Constitution?What are the methods for amending the Constitution?What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
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Section 2: Amending the Constitution
The framers established ways to amend the Constitution because they realized they were unable to anticipate future challenges that the United States would face as it grew.
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Section 2: Amending the Constitution
Methods for amending the Constitution:proposal of amendments by a two thirds vote in both
houses of Congress or by a national convention called by two thirds of the states
ratification of amendments by approval of three fourths of the state legislatures or by approval of special conventions in three fourths of the states
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Section 2: Amending the Constitution
The purpose of the Bill of Rights:to protect individual freedomsto acknowledge the powers of the states and the
people
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Section 3: A Flexible Document
Objectives:How does the Constitution give the three branches of
government flexibility in using their powers?How have political parties changed the way
government operates?How does the Constitution allow custom and tradition
to help shape government?
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Section 3: A Flexible Document
Flexibility the three branches of government have in using their powers:ability of the federal courts to make decisions about
interpreting lawsability of Congress to create and amend legislationability of the executive branch to interpret its powers
to take action
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Section 3: A Flexible Document
Effects of political parties on the government:influence the election of the president and other
government officialshave a role in organizing the day-to-day operations of
Congress
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Section 3: A Flexible Document
Roles of custom and tradition in shaping the government:affect the organization or composition of government
areascan bring pressure to make formal changes to the
Constitution
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Section 4: The Constitution and the Public Good
Objectives:What were some of James Madison’s contributions to
the development of the U.S. government?How does the Constitution ensure that government
makes laws that promote the public good?Why do critics claim that the Constitution sometimes
makes government less effective?
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Section 4: The Constitution and the Public Good
Some of James Madison’s contributions to the development of the U.S. government:argued that the Constitution prevented control by
factions because of the large size of the United States and the system of checks and balances provided by the Constitution
reasoned that large republics, like the United States, would represent the broad interests of society and promote the public good
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Section 4: The Constitution and the Public Good
How the Constitution ensures that government makes laws promoting the public good:places control of all government power in the hands
of U.S. citizens prevents the passage of policies that represent the
narrow interests of just a few groups
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Section 4: The Constitution and the Public Good
Reasons critics claim the Constitution makes government less effective: promotes gridlockeases the ability of government leaders to avoid
responsibility for problems
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Chapter Wrap-UpChapter Wrap-Up1. In what ways does the Constitution reflect the
principles of popular sovereignty and limited government?
2. Why did the framers of the Constitution create a distinct form of federalism instead of adopting a unitary system of government?
3. How does the Bill of Rights work to protect individual rights?
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Chapter Wrap-UpChapter Wrap-Up4. Why has the Constitution been amended only
27 times in more than 200 years?
5. Why did James Madison believe that the U.S. republic’s large size would help government serve the public good?
6. How does the system of checks and balances help prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful?