a map of the layout of the archaeological site of tula, hidalgo
TRANSCRIPT
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Mesoamerica: Late Postclassic Sites;ANTH 325; Fall 2013
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A map of the layout of the archaeological site of Tula, Hidalgo
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Tula Panorama
Tula Panorama
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Columns in the form of Toltec warriors in Tula
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• Tarascan or Purépecha state rivaled Aztec
empire in territory.
• Tzintzuntzan was capital with 35,000
people.
• Aztec attempts to conquer Tarascans were
met with stiff resistance, well-trained
military and forts along their borders.
• Produced copper, bronze, and gold objects.
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Oaxaca had the Post Classic town of Mitla.
Intricate mosaic veneer on facades of buildings and murals.
A Zapotec religious center.
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Yucatan Peninsula
Chichén Itza: dominant Maya center during early Postclassic - A.D.1000
Toltec period of Chichén Itza: A.D.1000 - 1250.
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Chichén Itzá, 900 – 1100ADYucatán Peninsula, Mexico
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Chichén Itzá, Panorama
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Chichén Itzá: El Castillo/Templo de Kukulkán
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Red Jaguar Throne Inside El Castillo
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Chichén Itzá: Serpent Columns at Temple of 1000 Warriors
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Chichén Itzá: Chac Mool and Serpent Columns at Temple of 1000 Warriors
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Chichén Itza:
The Observatory
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Mayan calendars and astronomy
Solar calendar:
• 356 days: 18 months by 20 days each with five additional unlucky days
• Agriculture and marketing
Lunar calendar:
• 260 days: 13 months by 20 days each, • astrology, fate of individuals and the
empire.
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Causes of the Rise of Mayan Civilization
• Trade Networks: Trade in obsidian, salt, stone; Cobá
• Hydraulic Theory: Irrigation; Campeche
• Social-environmental circumscription:• limited water resources• forced to population to congregate around cenotes• administrators that controlled water became the elite• works for Chichén Itzá
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Chichén Itzá’s Cenote
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Chichén Itzá Sacbe
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1) Aztec City States, Ethnic Groups, and Polities2) “Aztec” refers to Nahuatl-speaking peoples of highland Central Mexico. Aztec-people from Aztlan, “White Land”, a mythical place to the NW.3) Mexica, an ethnic group-people from Metzliapán, “Moon Lake” their name for Lake Texcoco.
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4) Mexica, Acolhua, Tepanec, and Tlahuica are ethnic groups, all of who speak Nahuatl5) In 1428, Aztecs established alliance of three polities;
a) Tenochtitlán (Mexica), b) Texcoco (Acolhua), and c) Tlacopan (dissident Tepanec polity).
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6) Tenochtitlán’s site where eagle seated on a cactus eating a snake was spotted.7) Population of around 200,000 people.8) Great marketplace of Tlatelolco was attended by over 60,000 people daily.9) Chinampas produced 7 crops per year and provided over half of the basic food needs of Tenochtitlán.